We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the impact of social distancing determined by the COVID-19 pandemic on treatment adherence using the Self-Care Inventory-revised in adults with diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes, the adherence score was lower during than before social distancing.
Keywords
Medical adherence; COVID-19 pandemic; diabetes mellitus; adherence to treatment; social distancing
| TYPE 1 DIABETES | Total (N = 110) |
Social distancing group (n = 55) |
Control (n = 55) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 43.7 ± 12.7 | 43.4 ± 13.8 | 43.9 ± 11.7 | 0.81 | |
| Sex (% female) | 45.5% | 49.1% | 45.5% | 0.44 | |
| Race/ethnicity (% white) | 97.3% | 96.4% | 98.2% | 0.22 | |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis (years) | 19.2 ± 11.4 | 18.4 ± 12.5 | 19.9 ± 10.2 | 0.47 | |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 24.6 ± 11.4 | 24.9 ± 11.8 | 24.1 ± 11.0 | 0.70 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.6 ± 1.6 | 8.6 ± 1.5 | 8.6 ± 1.8 | 1.0 | |
| (mmol/mol) | 71.0 ± 17.9 | 71.0 ± 15.9 | 71.0 ± 19.7 | ||
| Diabetes complications | |||||
| Retinopathy | 48.2% | 49.1% | 47.3% | 0.83 | |
| Neuropathy | 17.3% | 23.6% | 10.9% | 0.08 | |
| BMI overweigh/obese (%) | 46.3% | 45.3% | 47.3% | 0.83 | |
| Hypertension (%) | 21.8% | 25.5% | 18.2% | 0.35 | |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 11.8% | 12.7% | 10.9% | 0.76 | |
| TYPE 2 DIABETES | (N = 150) | (n = 75) | (n = 75) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.3 ± 7.9 | 61.8 ± 8.7 | 60.7 ± 7.0 | 0.40 | |
| Sex (% female) | 60.7% | 63.5% | 58.7% | 0.38 | |
| Race/ethnicity (% white) | 74.0% | 78.4% | 70.7% | 0.09 | |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis (years) | 43.6 ± 10.6 | 42.8 ± 9.7 | 44.2 ± 11.4 | 0.42 | |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 17.6 ± 9.0 | 18.8 ± 9.5 | 16.5 ± 8.6 | 0.12 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.8 ± 1.5 | 8.9 ± 1.5 | 8.6 ± 1.5 | 0.36 | |
| (mmol/mol) | 73.0 ± 16.4 | 74.0 ± 16.4 | 70.0 ± 16.4 | ||
| Diabetes complications | |||||
| Retinopathy | 46.0% | 43.2% | 48.0% | 0.46 | |
| Neuropathy | 34.0% | 29.7% | 38.7% | 0.39 | |
| Nephropathy | 46.7% | 44.6% | 49.3% | 0.54 | |
| Insulin use (%) | 84.7% | 89.2% | 80.0% | 0.27 | |
| BMI overweigh/obese (%) | 91.0% | 91.3% | 90.7% | 0.94 | |
| Hypertension (%) | 82.6% | 82.4% | 82.7% | 0.89 | |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 38.7% | 41.9% | 36.0% | 0.55 | |
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