Kang and cols., 2011 |
Genistein – 72 h exposition with 10-50-100 μM/mL |
MTT assay |
Inhibition of cell growth in a dose dependent mode |
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Resveratrol – up to 120 h exposition with 50 μM/mL |
MTT assay |
Inhibition of cell growth |
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Quercetin – 72 h exposition with 10-50-100 μM/mL |
MTT assay |
Inhibition of cell growth in a dose dependent mode |
Bian and cols., 2020 |
Resveratrol – 48 h exposition with up to 50 μM/mL |
MTT assay |
Decrease of cell viability in a dose dependent mode |
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Flow cytometry |
Cell cycle arrest and increase of apoptotic cells |
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Colony formation |
Colony formation decrease |
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Western blotting |
Increase of caspase-3,-8 and bax expression, and decrease of bcl-xl and mcl-1 expression |
Perna and cols., 2018 |
Curcumin – 48 h exposition with 25 μM/mL |
Immunoblotting |
Degradated nrf2 and reduced VEGF expression |
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|
Immunoblotting |
Up regulation of TNFα in 2 of the 3 complexes tested |
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|
MTT assay |
Reduced cell viability |
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Western blotting |
Down regulation of cell cycle regulators (cyclin D1, β-catenin, p21, p53) and activators or inhibitors of apoptosis (pro-caspase3, bcl-2) |
Esposito and cols., 2019 |
Curcumin – 48 h exposition with 25 μM/mL |
MTT assay |
Cell viability reduction |
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Immunofluorescence |
Damage of the cell nucleus |
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Western blotting |
Down regulation of cell cycle regulators (cyclin D1, β-catenin, P21, P53) and activators or inhibitors of apoptosis (pro-caspase3, bcl-2) |
Zhou and cols., 2019 |
Naringin – 6, 12 or 25 μM/mL, dose- and time-dependently |
MTT assay |
Cell proliferation inhibition |
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Flow cytometry |
Cell apoptosis induction |
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Western blotting |
Enhancement of Caspase3 and bax expression, and reduction of cyclin D1, c-Myc, survivin, and bcl-2 expression; suppression of PI3K/AKT pathway activation |
Orlandella and cols., 2022 |
Extract from Annurca Flesh Apple (AFPE) – 24 h exposition with up to 250 μM/mL |
Flow cytometry |
Reduction of cell viability and promotion of cell cycle arrest |
|
Extract from AFPE – 20 h exposition with 500 μM/mL |
DCFDA/H2DCFDA- cellular ROS assay kit |
Reduction of cell death induced by oxidative stress |
Wu and cols., 2019 |
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) – 24 h exposition with doses from 10-200 μM/mL |
EdU and MTS assays |
Inhibition of cell proliferation and cell viability in a dose dependent mode |
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Flow cytometry |
Cell cycle arrest |
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Up to 25 μM/mL of EGCG |
TUNEL staining and western blotting |
Increase of the apoptotic index in a dose dependent mode |
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Up to 50-200 μM/mL EGCG |
Western blotting |
Increase of the bax/bcl-2 ratio and the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP |
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50-200 μM/mL EGCG |
Western blotting |
Gradually decrease of p-EGFR, RAS, p-RAF, p-MEK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 |
Yin and cols., 2017 |
Prunella vulgaris (PV) – Rutin, hyperoside and other flavonoids isolated and identified from PV: luteolin, homoorinetin, cinaroside, quercetin and kaempferol. Concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 % for 12, 24 and 36 h |
CCK-8 assay |
Cell proliferation inhibition |
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IC50 PV for 24 h |
Hoechst 33342 staining |
Alteration of cellular morphology and cell nuclei |
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DNA extraction and fragmentation assay |
Induction of cell apoptosis |
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RT-qPCR |
Decrease bcl-2 expression and increase bax and caspases-3 expression |
Liang and cols., 2020 |
Fisetin from 1 μM/mL to 30 μM/mL for 24 h |
MTT assay |
Promotion of a cytotoxic effect in a dose dependent mode |
|
15 μM/mL for 24 h |
Morphological examination in fluorescence microscope |
Induction of cell apoptosis without compromising cellular membrane |
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20 μM/mL for 24 h |
Morphological examination in fluorescence microscope |
Elevated quantity of late apoptotic cells - strong effect on the nucleus morphology related to apoptosis |
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DCFH-DA dye |
ROS enhancement |
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Spectrofluorimetry |
Reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential |
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15-20 μM/mL for 24 h |
Flow cytometry |
Alteration of cell cycle progression in a dose dependent mode |
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Western blotting |
Down regulation of the cyclin D1 expression; up regulation of STAT3 and decreased expression of JAK-1 |
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ELISA |
Elevated protein expression of cleaved caspase-3, and −9 in a dose dependent mode |
Oh and cols., 2013 |
Silibinin – 100 μM/mL for 24 h |
Quick cell proliferation assay kit II |
Decrease in cell viability |
Carvalho and cols., 2018 |
Xanthohumol – 10-100 μM/mL for 48 h |
Sulforhodamine B assay |
Decrease in cell viability in a dose dependent mode |
|
100 μM/mL for 48 h |
TUNEL assay |
High cell death rate and high percentage of fragmented DNA |
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Concentrations up to 10 μM/mL for 48 h |
Western blotting |
Increase in caspase-3 and caspase-7 expression |
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10 μM/mL for 72 h |
Flow cytometry |
Cell cycle arrest |
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0.05-0.1-100 μM/mL for 72 h |
Fenton reaction initiated deoxyribose degradation cell-free assay |
Radical levels increase at higher concentrations (pro-oxidant effect) |