Biblioni, 2018 [3131 Bibiloni MDM, Karam J, Bouzas C, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Pedrero-Chamizo R, Sureda A, et al. Association between Physical Condition and Body Composition, Nutrient Intake, Sociodemographic Characteristics, and Lifestyle Habits in Older Spanish Adults. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1608. doi: 10.3390/nu10111608. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111608...
] |
Spain |
Cross-sectional |
380 (54) |
70 |
HGS (digital, TKK 5401) |
WC |
Lower HGS in men with abdominal obesity (36.9 kg) compared to non obese (43.3 kg, p=0.017) |
Chen, 2021 [3232 Chen MZ, Wong MWK, Lim JY, Merchant RA. Frailty and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome – Findings from the Healthy Older People Everyday (HOPE) Study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2021;25(5):637-44. doi: 10.1007/s12603-021-1609-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1609-...
] |
Singapore |
Cross-sectional |
292 (57.9) |
74 |
HGS (digital, A5401) |
Modified ATP III for Asians |
Higher prevalence of low HGS in MetS frail (76.2%) compared to robust (43.8%, p=0.02) |
Chun, 2019 [3838 Chun SW, Kim W, Choi KH. Comparison between Grip Strength and Grip Strength Divided by Body Weight in Their Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome and Quality of Life in the Elderly. PLoS One. 2019;14(9):e0222040. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222040. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.022...
] |
Korea |
Cross-sectional |
2709 (53) |
68 |
Relative HGS (digital, Takei, TKK 5401) |
Modified ATP III for Asians |
Low relative HGS associated to MetS [OR 4.194 (2.985–5.892)] |
Escribà-Salvans, 2022 [2727 Escribà-Salvans A, Jerez-Roig J, Molas-Tuneu M, Farrés-Godayol P, Moreno-Martin P, Goutan-Roura E, et al. Sarcopenia and Associated Factors According to the EWGSOP2 Criteria in Older People Living in Nursing Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):350. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-02827-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02827...
] |
Spain |
Cross-sectional |
104 (84.6) |
86 |
HGS (Jamar Digital) |
obesity |
Obesity was associated with low muscle strength [OR = 0.14 (0.03 ‐ 0.60), p = 0.008] |
Gong, 2022 [2828 Gong H, Liu Y, Lyu X, Dong L, Zhang X. Lipoprotein Subfractions in Patients with Sarcopenia and Their Relevance to Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function. Exp Gerontol. 2022;159:111668. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2021.111...
] |
China |
Cross-sectional |
84 (51.2) |
75 |
HGS (digital, CAMRY EH101) |
Lipoprotein subfractions |
HGS was negatively correlated with TG (r = -0.256, p = 0.019) |
Joo, 2022 [2626 Joo KC, Son DH, Park JM. Association between Relative Handgrip Strength and Insulin Resistance in Korean Elderly Men without Diabetes: Findings of the 2015 Korea National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Fam Med. 2022;43(3):199-205. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.21.0138. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.21.0138...
] |
Korea |
Cross-sectional |
206 (0) |
65-80 |
Relative HGS (digital, Takei TKK 5401) |
HOMA-IR |
The prevalence of IR decreased in higher relative HGS. Increase in OR of having IR with lower rHGS [2.82 (1.10–7.21)] |
Kawamoto, 2016 [3737 Kawamoto R, Ninomiya D, Kasai Y, Kusunoki T, Ohtsuka N, Kumagi T, et al. Handgrip Strength Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome among Middle-Aged and Elderly Community-Dwelling Persons. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2016;38(2):245-51. doi: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1081232. https://doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2015.10...
] |
Japan |
Cross-sectional |
1679 (55.8) |
70 |
Relative HGS (not informed) |
Modified ATP III for Asians |
Low relative HGS associated with MetS components [WC r=-0.5 (p<0.001); HDL r=0.2 (p<0.001)] |
Kim, 2020 [3939 Kim YM, Kim S, Bae J, Kim SH, Won YJ. Association between Relative Hand-Grip Strength and Chronic Cardiometabolic and Musculoskeletal Diseases in Koreans: A Cross-Sectional Study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2021;92:104181. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.1...
] |
Korea |
Cross-sectional |
2451 (54.5) |
63 |
Relative HGS (digital, Takei, TKK 5401) |
cardiometabolic markers |
Low relative HGS associated with MetS components [HOMA-IR r=-0.17, WC -0.4 and high HDL r=0.14, (p<0.001)] |
Kimura, 2021 [2929 Kimura T, Ushigome E, Hashimoto Y, Nakanishi N, Hamaguchi M, Asano M, et al. Home-Measured Blood Pressure Is Associated with Handgrip Strength in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Kamogawa-HBP Study. J Clin Med. 2021;10(9):1913. doi: 10.3390/jcm10091913. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091913...
] |
Japan |
Cross-sectional |
157 (40.1) |
70 |
HGS (Smedley) |
BP in T2DM patients |
SBP and PP negatively associated with HGS in women [β = −0.14 (−0.21, −0.08)] DBP positively associated with HGD in men [β = 0.20 (0.03, 0.37)] |
Leite, 2023 [3030 Leite MM, de Sousa Neto IV, Dutra MT, Funghetto SS, de Oliveira Silva A, da Silva ICR, et al. Predictive Models of Muscle Strength in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Interv Aging. 2023;18:1535-46. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S414620. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S414620...
] |
Brazil |
Cross-sectional |
138 (66.7) |
68 |
HGS (hydraulic, Jamar) |
central obesity, DM |
Lower HGS in participants with central obesity [waist to hip ratio decreased HGS by 41.1% (β= -0.19; t = −3.70; p < 0.001)] |
Lin, 2021 [3333 Lin MH, Chang CY, Lu CH, Wu DM, Kuo FC, Kuo CC, et al. Association between Grip Strength and Anthropometric Characteristics in the Community-Dwelling Elderly Population in Taiwan. PLoS One. 2021;16(12):e0260763. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260763. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.026...
] |
Taiwan |
Longitudinal |
3739 (57.2) |
76 |
HGS (digital, Takei, TKK5101) |
WC |
Weaker HGS in old men with higher WC [β = −0.108 (p< 0.001)] |
Merchant, 2020 [4040 Merchant RA, Chan YH, Lim JY, Morley JE. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Association with Grip Strength in Older Adults: Findings from the HOPE Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020;13:2677-86. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S260544. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S260544...
] |
Singapore |
Cross-sectional |
722 (55) |
71 |
Relative HGS (digital, A5401) |
Modified ATP III for Asians |
Higher relative HGS significantly associated with lower odds of having MetS [OR 0.51 (0.43–0.61) and 0.13 (0.07–0.24), p<0.01] |
Pérez-Sousa, 2020 [4141 Pérez-Sousa MÁ, Del Pozo-Cruz J, Cano-Gutiérrez CA, Ferrebuz AJ, Sandoval-Cuellar C, Izquierdo M, et al. Glucose Levels as a Mediator of the Detrimental Effect of Abdominal Obesity on Relative Handgrip Strength in Older Adults. J Clin Med. 2020;9(8):2323. doi: 10.3390/jcm9082323. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082323...
] |
Colombia |
Cross-sectional |
1571 (60) |
70 |
Relative HGS (digital, Takei) |
WC, fasting glucose |
Low relative HGS associated with WC [β = −0.069 (−0.082, −0.057), p < 0.001], indirect effect mediated by hyperglycemia [β = −0.002 (−0.004 to −0.001), p < 0.001] |
Sayer, 2007 [4242 Sayer AA, Syddall HE, Dennison EM, Martin HJ, Phillips DI, Cooper C, et al.; Hertfordshire Cohort. Grip Strength and the Metabolic Syndrome: Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. QJM. 2007;100(11):707-13. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm095. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcm095...
] |
United Kingdom |
Cross-sectional |
2677 (52) |
66 |
HGS (Jamar) |
ATP III and IDF |
Low HGS associated with increased odds of having MetS [OR 1.18 (1.07, 1.30) p<0.001] |
Souza Moreira, 2022 [3636 de Souza Moreira B, de Souza Andrade AC, Lustosa Torres J, de Souza Braga L, de Carvalho Bastone A, de Melo Mambrini JV, et al. Nationwide Handgrip Strength Values and Factors Associated with Muscle Weakness in Older Adults: Findings from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil). BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):1005. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03721-0. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03721...
] |
Brazil |
Longitudinal |
7905 (60) |
63 |
HGS (hydraulic, SAEHAN) |
obesity, WC |
Overweight was inversely association with muscle weakness [OR 0.66 (0.52–0.83 in men)], obesity was inversely associated with muscle weakness [OR 0.49 (0.31–0.78) in men; OR 0.69 (0.52–0.92 in women)] |
Stessman, 2017 [2323 Stessman J, Rottenberg Y, Fischer M, Hammerman-Rozenberg A, Jacobs JM. Handgrip Strength in Old and Very Old Adults: Mood, Cognition, Function, and Mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(3):526-32. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14509. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14509...
] |
Israel |
Longitudinal |
2304 (nd) |
70-90 |
HGS (5001 Grip-A) |
DM |
Prevalence of DM higher in low HGS aged (27%, p=0.004). Survival rates significantly lower in participants with low HGS (p<0.0001) |
Taekema, 2011 [2424 Taekema DG, Maier AB, Westendorp RG, de Craen AJ. Higher Blood Pressure Is Associated with Higher Handgrip Strength in the Oldest Old. Am J Hypertens. 2011;24(1):83-9. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2010.185. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2010.185...
] |
Netherlands |
Cross-sectional |
550 (66) |
85 |
HGS (digital, Jamar) |
MAP, SBP, DBP |
Higher SBP associated with higher HGS in the oldest [Adjusted β = 0.05, p<0.01] |
Tong, 2022 [3434 Tong Q, Wang X, Sheng Y, Chen S, Lai B, Lv R, et al. Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Components of Sarcopenia in Older Community-Dwelling Chinese. J Biomed Res. 2022;36(2):120-6. doi: 10.7555/JBR.36.20210143. https://doi.org/10.7555/JBR.36.20210143...
] |
China |
Cross-sectional |
251 (60.2) |
≥60 |
HGS (hydraulic, Jamar 5030J1) |
IDF |
Lower HGS in men with MetS (37.8±7.1Kg) compared to without MetS (42.5±7.5 Kg, p=0.004) |
Waqas, 2022 [3535 Waqas K, Chen J, Trajanoska K, Ikram MA, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, et al. Skin Autofluorescence, a Noninvasive Biomarker for Advanced Glycation End-Products, Is Associated with Sarcopenia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(2):e793-e803. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab632. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab632...
] |
Netherlands |
Cross-sectional |
2744 (66) |
74 |
HGS (hydraulic, Fabrication Enterprises) |
hyperglycemia |
Hyperglycemia biomarker (advanced glycation end-products) was inversely associated with HGS [β −0.051 (95% CI −0.075, −0.026)] |
Zhang, 2021 [1919 Zhang H, Lin S, Gao T, Zhong F, Cai J, Sun Y, et al. Association between Sarcopenia and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Older Non-Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2018;10(3):364. doi: 10.3390/nu10030364. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030364...
] |
China |
Cross-sectional |
601 (100) |
67 |
Relative HGS (digital, Takei TKK5401) |
Modified ATP III for Asians |
Increased prevalence of MetS in the lowest relative HGS quartile [OR 1.239 (1.052–2.124), p<0.001] |