ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED CLOSTRIDIOIDES DIFFICILE INFECTION: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY

Medicamentos antidepressivos estão associados a um risco aumentado de infecção hospitalar por Clostridioides difficile: um estudo populacional

HIGLIGHTS

What is already known:

•The rate and severity of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has increased throughout North America, the United Kingdom, and Europe.

•Scattered evidence about the association of CDI with antidepressant medications use exists in the literature so far.

What are the new findings:

•The risk of Clostridioides difficile infection is higher in patients who are on mirtazapine, nortriptyline, or trazodone.

•The prevalence rate of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients who were using antidepressant medications and the ones who did not, increased with age.

ABSTRACT

Background:

During the past decade, Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has become the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Several risk factors have been implicated. Scattered evidence about the association of CDI with antidepressant medications use exists in the literature so far. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether the risk of developing CDI is increased in hospitalized patients using antidepressant medications.

Methods:

Patients who were hospitalized were included in our cohort. We excluded individuals aged less than 18 years. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to calculate the risk of CDI accounting for potential confounders.

Results:

The risk of CDI in hospitalized patients was increased in individuals diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (OR: 4.44; 95%CI: 4.35-4.52), and in patients using clindamycin (OR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.53-1.57), beta-lactam antibiotics (OR: 1.62; 95%CI: 1.60-1.64), PPI (OR: 3.27; 95%CI: 3.23-3.30), trazodone (OR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.29-1.33), nortriptyline (OR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.21-1.28), and mirtazapine (OR: 2.50; 95%CI: 2.46-2.54). After controlling for covariates, the risk of CDI was not increased in patients who were taking fluoxetine (OR: 0.94; 95%CI: 0.92-0.96).

Conclusion:

In contrary to fluoxetine; mirtazapine, nortriptyline, and trazodone were associated with increased risk of CDI in hospitalized patients.

Keywords:
Antidepressant medications; Clostridioides difficile; Clostri­dioides difficile infection