Sistemas de implantação de espécies de Brachiaria em consórcio com sorgo granífero na segunda safra

Sousa Junior, Betson Antônio de; Silva, Alessandro Guerra da; Ferreira, Camila Jorge Bernabé; Costa, Katia Aparecida de Pinho; Simon, Gustavo André; Almeida, Keuly de Lollo

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SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE • Arq. Inst. Biol. 87 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000482019 copiar

Sistemas de implantação de espécies de Brachiaria em consórcio com sorgo granífero na segunda safra

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O consórcio de sorgo granífero com braquiária proporciona a produção de grãos e massa seca na entressafra; contudo, há carência de informações relacionadas à implantação dessas espécies. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a melhor associação de sorgo granífero e braquiária na segunda safra para produção de grãos e massa seca na região do Cerrado. O experimento foi conduzido em Rio Verde, Goiás, no delineamento experimental de blocos randomizados, em esquema fatorial 2×3×4+5, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados dois híbridos de sorgo granífero (BRS 330 e DKB 551) associados a três espécies de Brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha cultivar Marandu, Brachiaria decumbens e Brachiaria ruziziensis) em quatro sistemas de implantação da braquiária (linha, entrelinha, linha + entrelinha do sorgo e a lanço). Os tratamentos adicionais referiam-se aos dois monocultivos de sorgo e às três espécies de braquiária. O consórcio de sorgo com braquiária ocasionou redução no rendimento de grãos, porém os sistemas de implantação da braquiária na linha, entrelinha e a lanço foram os mais promissores. O híbrido de sorgo DKB 551 foi o mais sensível à competição com a braquiária, sem, contudo, haver diferenças de rendimento de grãos em consórcio. Os consórcios das braquiárias na entrelinha e na linha + entrelinha, principalmente com a B. ruziziensis, foram os mais promissores para produção de massa seca e proteína bruta total. O cultivo de braquiária com o sorgo proporcionou maior aporte de massa seca na entressafra, fato importante para o sistema de plantio direto nos sistemas de produção agrícola dos Cerrados.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE
Brachiaria spp.; massa seca; rendimento de grãos; Sorghum bicolor

Variation sources	Sorghum						Brachiaria				Sorghum + *Brachiaria*
Variation sources	DF	Y	M1000G	SH	POP	C/N	DF	BH	TI	C/N	DF	DMY	TCP	CS
Blocks	3						3				3
Hybrids	1	^ns ns Not significant;	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	1	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	1	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;
Implantation systems	3	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ns ns Not significant;	3	^ns ns Not significant;	^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ns ns Not significant;	3	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ns ns Not significant;
Brachiaria spp.	2	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	2	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ns ns Not significant;
Hybrids × systems	3	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	3	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	3	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;
Hybrids ×Brachiaria spp.	2	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	2	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	2	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;
Systems × Brachiaria spp.	6	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	6	^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	6	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ns ns Not significant;
Hybrids × Syst.× Brac.	6	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	6	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	6	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;
Intercropping× monocrop	1	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ns ns Not significant;	1	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	1	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.
Monocrop	1	^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ns ns Not significant;	^ns ns Not significant;	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	4	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	^ ,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.
CV (%)		19.5	8.9	6.3	18.0	18.4		5.0	16.7	10.7		9.8	12.2	8.1

Implantation systems	Grain yield (kg·ha^-1)							Mean
	BRS 330				DKB 551
	Bb	Bd	Br		Bb	Bd	Br
Row	2,225^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,548^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,100^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.		2,597^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,785^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,314^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,428 a
Interrow	2,314^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,863^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	1,820^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.		2,710^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,949^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,305^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,493 a
Row + interrow	2,293^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,219^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	1,834^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.		2,258^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	1,795^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	1,343^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	1,957 b
Broadcast	2,317^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,239^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,251^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.		3,113^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,559^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	1,765^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	2,374 a
	Bb		Bd			Br
Brachiaria	2,478 A		2,495 A			1,966 B		2,313
	BRS 330			DKB 551
Intercropping	2,252 A			2,374 A
Monocrop	4,756 B			5,510 A				5,133
Implantation systems	Mass of thousand grains (g)							Mean
	BRS 330				DKB 551
	Bb	Bd	Br		Bb	Bd	Br
Row	14.72	16.36	14.03		17.95	20.93	17.86	16.97 b
Interrow	16.74	18.32	14.64		18.45	21.87	18.59	18.10 a
Row+ interrow	11.33^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	15.76	10.90^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.		15.47	20.65	15.17	14.88 b
Broadcast	13.03	15.88	14.62		17.93	20.84	17.88	16.63 b
	Bb		Bd			Br
Brachiaria	15.33 B		18.83 A			15.46 B
	BRS 330			DKB 551
Intercropping	14.44 B			18.63 A
Monocrop	17.69 B			23.66 A
Implantation systems	Height (m)							Mean
	BRS 330				DKB 551
	Bb	Bd	Br		Bb	Bd	Br
Row	1.09	1.10	1.14		1.10	1.09	1.13	1.11 ab
Interrow	1.14	1.13	1.10		1.13	1.09	1.15	1.12 a
Row+ interrow	1.12	1.12	1.10		1.15	1.12	1.19	1.12 a
Broadcast	1.06^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5% probability.	1.06^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5% probability.	1.07^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5% probability.		1.08^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5% probability.	1.09	1.02^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5% probability.	1.06 b
	BRS 330			DKB 551
Monocrop	1.17 A			1.18 A
Implantation systems	Plants population (× 10.000 plants·ha^-1)							Mean
	BRS 330				DKB 551
	Bb	Bd	Br		Bb	Bd	Br
Row	16.00^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	14.86^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	15.36^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.		14.84^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	14.37^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	13.88^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	14.88 b
Interrow	17.50	16.95	17.14		17.15	16.08^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	17.22	17.00 a
Row + interrow	15.69^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	14.58^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	15.69^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.		14.30^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	13.61^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	13.47^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	14.55 b
Broadcast	15.83^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	14.73^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	14.61^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.		15.37^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	16.04^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	15.42^* **,* Significant at 1 and 5% probability, by the F-test, respectively.	15.33 b
	BRS 330			DKB 551
Monocrop	17.76 A			17.90 A
Implantation systems	C/N ratio							Mean
	BRS 330				DKB 551
	Bb	Bd	Br		Bb	Bd	Br
Row	67.31	65.48	66.37		58.73	59.36	55.57
Interrow	64.17	65.64	63.21		57.37	61.77	58.02
Row+ interrow	66.74	64.04	67.63		59.52	59.58	57.49
Broadcast	63.49	67.16	64.23		57.83	61.94	60.45
	BRS 330			DKB 551
Intercropping	64.45 A			59.67 B
Monocrop	65.45 A			58.96 B

Implantation systems	Plant height (m)						Mean
	BRS 330			DKB 551
	Bb	Bd	Br	Bb	Bd	Br
Row	1.09^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	0.59^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	1.04	1.06^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	0.57^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	1.08
Interrow	1.08^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	0.59^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	1.04	1.09^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	0.60^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	1.06
Row + interrow	1.12^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	0.66	1.12	1.09^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	0.69	1.05
Broadcast	1.09^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	0.63	1.03	1.11^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	0.62	1.04
	Bb		Bd		Br
Brachiaria	1.09 A		0.61 C		1.05 B
	Bb		Bd		Br
Row	1.07 Aa		0.57 Bb		1.06 Aa
Interrow	1.08 Aa		0.60 Bb		1.05 Aa
Row + interrow	1.10 Aa		0.67 Bb		1.08 Ba
Broadcast	1.09 Aa		1.00 Ba		0.62 Cb
Monoculture	1.33 A		0.68 C		1.08 B
Implantation systems	Tillering index						Mean
	BRS 330			DKB 551
	Bb	Bd	Br	Bb	Bd	Br
Row	14.8^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	17.3^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	24.0^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	15.3^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	18.3^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	23.8^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	18.8 b
Interrow	14.5^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	19.0^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	23.3^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	15.3^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	20.0^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	25.3^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	19.6 b
Row + interrow	17.1	23.5	25.5^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	18.0	24.0	26.5^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	22.4 a
Broadcast	14.3^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	18.8^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	23.5^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	14.8^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	19.3^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	24.5^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	19.2 b
	Bb		Bd		Br
Intercropping	15.5 C		20.0 B		24.6 A
Monoculture	20.3 C		25.5 B		31.5 A
Implantation systems	C/N ratio						Mean
	BRS 330			DKB 551
	Bb	Bd	Br	Bb	Bd	Br
Row	35.48^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	28.09^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	29.82^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	33.37^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	30.02^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	26.49^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.
Interrow	37.04^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	31.15^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	25.20^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	34.56^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	26.91^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	22.92^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.
Row + interrow	34.12^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	28.72^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	29.07^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	36.72^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	28.04^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	35.59
Broadcast	36.45^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	30.89^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	27.72^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	35.63^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	26.15^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.	25.98^* * Means followed by the same letters, uppercase on the line and lowercase on the column, do not differ by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability.
	Bb		Bd		Br
Intercropping	33.54 A		28.74 B		27.84 B
Monoculture	45. 58 A		36.49 B		37.49 B

Implantation systems	Dry mass yield (kg·ha^-1)						Mean
	BRS 330			DKB 551
	Bb	Bd	Br	Bb	Bd	Br
Row	5,836^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	4,258^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	6,499^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	5,989^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	4,563^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	6,923^1.2	5,678 b
Interrow	6,604^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	5,908^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	7,302^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	6,969^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	6,037^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	7,771^1.2	6,765 a
Row + interrow	6,861^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	5,711^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	7,854^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	7,031^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	6,057^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	8,017^1.2	6,921 a
Broadcast	4,746^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	4,218^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	5,385^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	4,898^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	4,131^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	5,552^1.2	4,821 c
	Bb		Bd		Br
Row	5,913 Aab		4,411 Bb		6,711 Aab
Interrow	6,787 Ba		5,972 Ca		7,536 Aa
Row + interrow	6,946 Ba		5,884 Ca		7,935 Aa
Broadcast	4,822 ABb		4,174 B b		5,468 Ab
Means	6,166 B		5,110 C		7,031 A
	Bb	Bd	Br		BRS 330	DKB 551
Monoculture	13,101 A	9,745 B	13,826 A		1,057 C	1,114 C
Implantation systems	Total crude protein (kg·ha^-1)						Mean
	BRS 330			DKB 551
	Bb	Bd	Br	Bb	Bd	Br
Row	201^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	156^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	212^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	196^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	159^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	213^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	189 b
Interrow	288^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	250^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	389^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	274^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	242^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	393^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	304 a
Row + interrow	274^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	242^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	390^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	275^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	244^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	391^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	303 a
Broadcast	145^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	132^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	172^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	144^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	130^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	171^1,2 1,2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	149 c
	Bb		Bd		Br
Row	198Ab		158Ab		213 Ab
Interrow	281 Ba		246		391 Aa
Row + interrow	275 Ba		243 Ba		390 Aa
Broadcast	144 Ac		131 Ac		171 Ac
Means	222 B		193 B		291 A
	Bb	Bd	Br		BRS 330	DKB 551
Monoculture	633 B	517 C	787 A		49 D	53 D
Implantation systems	Soil cover (%)						Mean
	BRS 330			DKB 551
	Bb	Bd	Br	Bb	Bd	Br
Row	90^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	95^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	95^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	92^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	90^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	95^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.
Interrow	92^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	92^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	92^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	92^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	97^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	95^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.
Row + interrow	97^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	95^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	97^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	92^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	92^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	92^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.
Broadcast	92^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	92^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	95^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	90^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	95^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.	90^1 1,*2 Means differ significantly by Dunnett’s test at 5% probability in relation to sorghum and Brachiaria monocrops, respectively.
	Bb	Bd	Br	BRS 330	DKB 551
Monoculture	100 A	100 A	100 A	40 B	50 B

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[1] **Corresponding author: camilajbferreira@gmail.com