TAXONOMY OF LONGIDORID NEMATODES AND DICHOTOMOUS KEYS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF <i>XIPHINEMA</i> AND <i>XIPHIDORUS</i> SPECIES RECORDED IN BRAZIL

Oliveira, C.M.G.; Neilson, R.

doi:10.1590/1808-1657v73p1312006

C.M.G. Oliveira

Instituto Biológico, Centro Experimental Central do Instituto Biológico, CP 70, CEP 13001-970, Campinas, SP,Brasil.

R. Neilson

Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.

E-mail: marcelo@biologico.sp.gov.br

Figures (10)
Tables (2)

Thumbnail

Fig. 1
Basic morphology of the anterior region of Xiphidorus and Xiphinema.

Thumbnail

Fig. 2
Arrangements of female reproductive systems in Xiphinema. A, monodelphic; B, pseudomonodelphic; C, amphidelphic. Adapted from COHN & SHER (1972)COHN, E. & SHER, S.A. A contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913. Journal of Nematology, v.4, p.30-65, 1972..

Thumbnail

Fig. 3
Taxonomic characters used to distinguish Longidoridae genera. See Table 1 for character codes.

Thumbnail

Fig. 4
Root systems and growth of eggplant infected with Xiphinema longicaudatum (left and centre) compared with control plants (right). Adapted from LAMBERTI et al. (1992)LAMBERTI, F.; CIANCIO, A.; BOIBOI, J.B.; TUOPAY, D.K.; BLEVEZACHEO, T.; ELIA, F. Pathogenicity and reproduction of two species of Xiphinema on selected vegetable crops in Liberia. Nematologia mediterranea, v.20, p.113-123, 1992..

Thumbnail

Fig. 5
Photomicrographs of female anterior and posterior regions of: A-B, Xiphinema brasiliense; C-D, X. elongatum; E-F, X. ensiculiferum; G-H, X. longicaudatum.

Thumbnail

Fig. 6
Photomicrographs of female anterior and posterior regions of: A-B, Xiphinema krugi (tail subdigitate); C-D, X. krugi (tail digitate); E-F, X. ifacolum (tail ventrally arcuate with typical blind canal, indicated by an arrow); G-H, X. ifacolum (tail conoid without blind canal).

Thumbnail

Fig. 7
Photomicrographs of female anterior and posterior regions of: A-B, Xiphinema paritaliae; C-D, X. setariae/vulgare; E-F, X. surinamense; G-H, X. variegatum.

Thumbnail

Fig. 8
Photomicrographs of female anterior and posterior regions of Xiphinema americanum-group species. A-B, X. brevicolle; C-D, X. diffusum; E-F, X. oxycaudatum; G-H, X. peruvianum.

Thumbnail

Fig. 9
Photomicrographs of female anterior and posterior regions of: A-B, Xiphidorus balcarceanus; C-D, X. minor; E-F, X. parthenus; G-H, X. yepesara.

Thumbnail

Fig. 10
A, uterine spines in Xiphidorus achalae; B, amphidial pouch narrow in X. balcarceanus; C, amphidial pouch wide in X. yepesara; D, tail conical-rounded in X. parthenus; E-G, tail conoid in X. yepesara. Adapted from MONTEIRO (1976)MONTEIRO, A.R. Xiphidorus yepesara n. g., n. sp. (Nemata: Longidoridae), from Brazil. Nematologia mediterranea, v.4, p.1-6, 1976., MONTEIRO et al. (1981)MONTEIRO, A.R.; LORDELLO, L.G.E.; NAKASONO, K. Xiphidorus parthenus n. sp. (Nemata: Longidoridae) from Brazil. Revista de Agricultura, v.56, p.93-97, 1981., CHAVES & COOMANS (1984)CHAVES, E. & COOMANS, A. Three new species of Xiphidorus from Argentina, with comments on Xiphinema sandellum. Revue de Nématologie, v.7, p.3-12, 1984., LUC & DOUCET (1984)LUC, M. & DOUCET, M.E. Description of Xiphidorus achalae n. sp. and proposal for a classification of longidorids (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea). Revue de Nématologie, v.7, p.103-112, 1984., DECRAEMER et al. (1996)DECRAEMER, W.; LUC, M.; DOUCET, M.E.; COOMANS, A. Study of the genus Xiphidorus Monteiro, 1976 (Nematoda: Longidoridae). Fundamental and Applied Nematology, v.19, p.207-225, 1996..

Thumbnail

Table 1
Taxonomic characters used to distinguish Longidoridae genera (after LUC & DOUCET, 1984LUC, M. & DOUCET, M.E. Description of Xiphidorus achalae n. sp. and proposal for a classification of longidorids (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea). Revue de Nématologie, v.7, p.103-112, 1984.; COOMANS & CHAVES, 1995COOMANS, A. & CHAVES, E. Paraxiphidorus michelluci n. g., n. sp. from Argentina (Nematoda: Longidoridae). Fundamental and Applied Nematology, v.18, p.303-306, 1995.; ARIAS & BRAVO, 1997ARIAS, M. & BRAVO, M.A. Identification of genera and species in subfamily Longidorinae. In SANTOS, M.S.N.A.; ABRANTES, I.M.O.; B ROWN, D.J.F.; L EMOS, R.J.V.C.M. (Eds.). An introduction to virus vector nematodes and their associated viruses. Coimbra: Centro de Sistematica e Ecologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 1997. p.128-176. and COOMANS et al., 2004COOMANS, A.; OLMOS, I.; CASELLA, E.; CHAVES, E. Australodorus enigmaticus n. g., n. sp.(Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Uruguay. Nematology, v.6, p.183-191, 2004.).

Thumbnail

Table 2
Virus vector nematode species from the family Longidoridae and their associated nepoviruses (adapted from BROWN et al., 2004BROWN, D.J.F.; MACFARLANE, S.A.; FURLANETTO, C.; OLIVEIRA, C.M.G.; FERRAZ, L.C.C.B. Transmissão de vírus por nematóides parasitos de plantas. Revisão Anual de Patologia de Plantas, v.12, p.201-242, 2004.).

Code	Taxonomic characters	Longidoridae genera
		Longidorus	Longidoroides	Paralongidorus	Paraxiphidorus	Australodorus	Xiphidorus	Xiphinema
A1	Amphid aperture pore-like or inconspicuous	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
A2	Amphid aperture slit-like	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
B1	Amphids pouch-like	+	+	-	-	-	+	-
B2	Amphids funnel to stirrup shape	-	-	+	+	-	-	+
B3	Amphids bilobed	+	+	+	-	+	-	-
C1	Guide ring located in posterior part of odontostyle	-	-	-	+	+	+	+
C2	Guide ring located in anterior part of odontostyle	+	+	+	-	-	-	-
D1	Odontostyle base plain	+	+	+	-	-	-	-
D2	Odontostyle base forked	-	-	-	+	+	+	+
E1	Odontophore base thickened but not flanged	+	+	+	-	-	-	-
E2	Odontophore base with moderately or weakly developed flanges	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
E3	Odontophore base flanged well developed	-	-	-	-	-	-	+
F1	Dorsal gland nucleus some distance from dorsal gland opening	+	+	+	+	+	+	-
F2	Dorsal gland nucleus close to dorsal gland opening	-	-	-	-	-	-	+

Vector Species		Virus
Longidorus apulus		artichoke Italian latent
L. arthensis		cherry rosette disease
L. attenuatus		tomato black ring
L. diadecturus		peach rosette mosaic
L. elongatus		raspberry ringspot
		tomato black ring
L. fasciatus		artichoke Italian latent
L. martini		mulberry ringspot
L. macrosoma		raspberry ringspot
Paralongidorus maximus		raspberry ringspot
Xiphinema americanum		cherry rosette disease
	sensu lato	peach rosette mosaic
		tobacco ringspot
		tomato black ring
X. americanum sensu stricto		cherry rosette disease
		tobacco ringspot
		tomato black ring
X. bricolensis		tomato black ring
X. californicum		cherry rosette disease
		tobacco ringspot
		tomato black ring
X. diversicaudatum		arabis mosaic
		strawberry latent ringspot
X. index		grapevine fanleaf
X. intermedium		tobacco ringspot
		tomato black ring
X. italiae		grapevine fanleaf
X. rivesi		cherry rosette disease
		tobacco ringspot
		tomato black ring
X. tarjanense		tobacco ringspot
		tomato black ring

[1] E-mail: marcelo@biologico.sp.gov.br

Brasil

Brasil

TAXONOMY OF LONGIDORID NEMATODES AND DICHOTOMOUS KEYS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF XIPHINEMA AND XIPHIDORUS SPECIES RECORDED IN BRAZIL

TAXONOMIA DE NEMATÓIDES LONGIDORÍDEOS E CHAVE DICOTÔMICA PARA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES DE XIPHINEMA E XIPHIDORUS QUE OCORREM NO BRASIL

ABSTRACT