The bioecology of hemerobiids is reviewed. Some aspects related with their association with crop pests and the use of these agents in biological control programs are given.
KEY WORDS:
Biological control; biology; hemerobiids; Neuroptera; predator.
| Hemerobiidae | Inseto-Praga | Ordem/Família | Cultivo | País | Referência |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemerobius nitidulus Fabricius, 1777 | Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg, 1843) | Hemiptera, Adelgidae | bálsamo Abies balsamen (L.) Mill. | Canadá | Garland (1978)GARLAND, J.A. Observations on survival of eggs of Hemerobius stigma (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) following exposure to frost. Manit. Entomol., v.12, p.61-62, 1978. |
|
Hemerobius stigma Stephens, 1836 Hemerobius pacificas Banks, 1897 |
Myzus persicae (Sulz., 1776) | Hemiptera, Aphididae | (Pinaceae) alcachofra Cynara scolymus L. |
E.U.A. | Neuenschwander & |
| Hemerobius sp. |
Platyptilia carduidactylus Riley, 1869 Myzocallis coryli Goeze, 1778 |
Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae Hemiptera, Aphididae |
(Compositae) avelã Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae) |
Chile | Hagen (1980) Alfonso Aguilera & |
| Phorodon humuli Shrank, 1801 | Hemiptera, Aphididae | lúpulo Humulus lupulus L. (Moraceae) | E. U. A. | Carlos Pacheco (1995ALFONSO AGUILERA, P. & CARLOS PACHECO, V. Determinacion de depredadores del pulgon del avellano europeo, Myzocallis coryli (Goeze) (Homoptera: Aphididae) en la IX region del Chile. Rev. Chil. Entomol., v.22, n.1, p.1719, 1995.) Campbell & Cone (1994)CAMPBELL, C.A.M. & CONE, W.W. Influence of predators on population development of Phorodon humuli (Homoptera: Aphididae) on hops. Environ. Entomol., v.23, n.6, p.1391-1396, 1994. |
|
| Aleurothrixus floccosa (Maskell, 1895) | Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae | citros Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) | Brasil | Chagas et al. (1982)CHAGAS, E.F. DAS; SILVEIRA NETO, S.; BRAZ, A.J.B.P.; MATEUS, C.P.B.; COELHO, I.P. Flutuação populacional de pragas e predadores em citros. Pesqu. Agropecu. Bras., v.17, n.6, p.817-824, 1982. | |
| Hemerobius spp. |
Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy, 1907) Brachycaudus cardui L., 1758 |
Hemiptera, Aphididae Hemiptera, Aphididae |
amêndoas Prunus spp. (Prunoideae) | Espanha | Santos Rojo & |
| Megalomus sp. | Hyalopterus pruni Fabricius, 1775 A. floccosa | Hemiptera, Aphididae Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae |
citros | Brasil | Marcos-García (1998) Chagas et al. (1982) |
| Micromus angulatus (Stephens, 1836) |
T. citricidus Aphis craccivora Kock, 1854 |
Hemiptera, Aphididae Hemiptera, Aphididae |
alfafa Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) | França | Miermont & Canard(1975) |
| Micromus posticus (Walker, 1853) | Brachycorynella asparagi | Hemiptera, Aphididae | aspargo Asparagus officinalis L. | E. U. A. | Angalet & Stevens (1977)ANGALET, G.W. & STEVENS, N.A. The natural enemies of Brachycolus asparagi in New Jersey and Delaware. Environ. Entomol., v.6, n.1, p.97-100, 1977. |
| T. citricidus | Hemiptera, Aphididae | (Aloeaceae) citros | E. U. A. | Michaud (1999)MICHAUD, J.P. Sources of mortality in colonies of brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida. Biol. Control, v.44, n.3, p.347-367, 1999. | |
| Micromus tasmaniae (Walker, 1860) | Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji, 1938 | Hemiptera, Aphididae | alfafa Medicago sativa L. | N. Zelândia | Syrett & Penmam (1980) |
| Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776) Heliothis armígera (Hübner, 1809) | Hemiptera, Aphididae Lepidoptera, Noctuidae |
algodão Gossypium hirsutum L. | Austrália | Samson & | |
|
Heliothis punctigera (Wallengren, 1860) Macrosiphum rosae (L., 1758) |
Lepidoptera, Noctuidae Hemiptera, Aphididae |
(Malvaceae) roseira (Rosaceae) |
Austrália | Blood (1980) Maelzer (1977) |
|
| Micromus timidus Hagen, 1853 | A. craccivora | Hemiptera, Aphididae | leguminosa (Leguminosae) | India | Raychaudhuri et al. (1981)RAYCHAUDHURI, D.N.; GHOSH, D.; PODDAR, S.C.; GHOSH, S.K. Notes on an aphidophagous insect, Micromus timidus Hagen (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Sci. Cult., v.47, p.223-224, 1981. |
| Micromus variegatus (Fabricius, 1793) | Lip aphis erysimi (Kaltembach, 1843) A. craccivora | Hemiptera, Aphididae Hemiptera, Aphididae |
crucifera (Cruciferae) alfafa | França | Miermont & Canard(1975) |
| Micromus sp. | A. kondoi | Hemiptera, Aphididae | alfafa | Austrália | Milne & Bishop (1987)MILNE, W.M. & BISHOP, A.L. The role of predators and parasites in the natural regulation of lucerne aphids in eastern Australia. J. Appl. Ecol., v.24, n.3, p.893-905, 1987. |
| Sympherobius amiculus (Fitch, 1855) | Pseudococcus citri (Risso, 1813) | Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae | citros | Oriente Médio Rivnay (1943)RIVNAY, E. A study on the efficiency of Sympherobius amicus Navás in controlling Pseudococcus citri Risso on citrus in Palestine. Bull. Soc. Fouad Ler Entomol., v.27, p.57-77, 1943. | |
| Sympherobius sp. | Heliothis virescens (Fabricius, 1781) | Lepidoptera, Noctuidae | algodão | Peru | Aguilar & Lamas (1980)AGUILAR F.P.G. & LAMAS, C.J.M. Apuntes sobre el control biológico y el control integrado de las plagas agrícolas en el Peru. II. - El cultivo del algonodero. Rev. Peru. Entomol., v.23, n.1, p.91-97, 1980. |
| Sympherobius spp. | Pseudococcus spp. | Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae | citros | E.U.A. | Bartlett & Lloyd (1958)BARTLETT, B.R. & LLOYD, D.C. Mealybugs attacking citrus in California - A survey of their natural enemies and the release of new parasites and predators. J. Econ. Entomol., v.51, n.1, p.90-93, 1958. |
