Table 1
– Metafunctions of language
Chart 1
– Interview questions: investigative focus
ER 1 – Discourse of normativity
DS1
RP: have you ever heard of the word grammar?
RL: Yes
RP: yes... and what do you mean by the word grammar?
RL: it is something that someone says wrong, we have to correct it.
DS2
RP: ((laughs)) Very well - next question ML is ... for you what is grammar?
ML: it is the way of speaking correctly writing words and formulating sentences correctly.
RP: and what would be the role of grammar in our :: in your education? - what do you think grammar would help in your education?
ML: because we would speak correctly write correctly and it would make sense to everything we said to write or is...
DS3
RP: Very well - What do you understand by grammar?
LS: Grammar? I researched about it ... you write a word within another word. I think that’s how the teacher explained - Then you write a word within another word, then it means grammar.
RP: What do you think would be the function of grammar in your learning here as a student - What do you think would be the contribution the benefit to that :: that ... do you think it would help? - It’s your opinion – What do you think that studying grammar would help you with?
LS: Helping to know what grammar is ... helping to write words in grammar. That’s about it (I don’t know much about it)
Source: ConGraEduC.
ER2 – Discourse of ignorance of grammar
DS4
RP: What do you understand by grammar?
VG: I don’t understand anything, teacher ((laughs))
DS5
RP: Have you ever heard of the word grammar?
GR:
No
RP: So ... you don’t know what grammar is?
GR: No!
DS6
LR: ((shaking the head and smiling)) Hum hum I don’t know
DS7
MI: Grammar - I think - that in my head it is something that we ((pause)) that we study you know something.
DS8
JV: in my opinion I think that grammar is interpreting something ((whispering)) I’m not sure teacher
Source: ConGraEduC.
ER3 – Discourse of metalanguage
DS9
RP: No, no problem! Yeah ... Now let’s go to another more general question. It’s a private thing of yours-- Yeah ... do you like Portuguese language classes?
GR: I like it!
RP: What do you like most about the Portuguese language classes? You can speak louder
GR Umm... about verbs, commas ... and stuff
DS10
RP: VG what do you like most about the Portuguese language class?
VG: learn ... how is it? ((looking for the answer)) ... learn language
RP: what do you mean by language?
VG: ((smiling)) Huh teacher
RP: it is your opinion...
VG: I understand that we have to learn how to write the word ... comma these things (whispering and smiling) this is what I know
Source: ConGraEduC.
ER4: Discourse of schooling
DS11
RP: Hmm::: For example .. What are the spaces or time of reading activities in Portuguese language classes? How are the reading classes in the Portuguese language? Do they happen? How do they happen? You can even quote from last year
MI: It happens. When the student is :: the teacher is reading and the student is not paying attention, the teacher puts the student to read
DS12
RP: Hmm:: another question. You know that we have reading activities, right, in the classroom, especially in Portuguese language classes, right? Do you think you have a lot of reading classes in the classroom? How much more or less do you think you have reading class in the classroom? It may be from previous years, now, how long? Do you have more reading classes?
LS: How long do we have more reading classes? It’s in Portuguese! We read, Hmm... we read about books, about tasks. You will do the task, then you will have to read that task. That’s all!
DS13
RP: The other question. What are the spaces or time for reading activities in class? For example, what are reading classes like, at school? How is it, how is reading classes at school? How, what did you learn in these reading classes? Speak louder
DR: Learning to read. Hmm:: ((thoughtful))
RP: But ... and what were the reading activities like? But what were they like ... what were they like? What did you do in reading classes?
DR: We read a chapter about the book, and when we didn’t know the word, the teacher would go there and tell us what the word meant.
DS14
RP: For example, what are the spaces or times in reading activities in Portuguese language classes? Which are how many times is there a reading class and it doesn’t have to be exactly to refer only to this year since last year what are - what reading activity did you use to do what is it like in the reading class was there a reading class what were these classes like how many times a week I wanted you to explain this to us
J.V: Yes, it was little reading but we read Hmm::: for example last year we read many... one class .. two classes out there... it was the maximum too, right? Then we would read ... read in the front, explain the other students what we were reading that text and it was also ... ((thinking with his hand on his chin))
Source: ConGraEduC.
ER5 – Discourses of copy and care with the spelling of the language
DS15
RP: And what about writing activities, writing production, what were the text production classes like in Portuguese classes?
DR: We learned to write right, when we write a wrong word, the teacher goes there and corrects it, telling us to write right
DS16
RP: What is the text production class like?
VG: ((the interviewer brings the cell phone close to the interviewee’s mouth)) we write from the board from the book also then when we write an essay text we make mistakes then when we make mistakes we have to write everything again to sHmmarize
DS17
RP: Great ... and :: the text production activities ... What were they like?
ML: we ... the teacher said that she wanted for us to be able to produce if it was a text Hmm: ((hand in the head)) be a dialogue about these things and we did it and afterwards she corrected and that was all.
ML: ((the interviewer brings the cell phone close to the interviewee’s mouth)) Ah a lot of difference because in the past we copied texts and from the book doing a lot of activity from the book and this year no we’re... Hmm::: learning with explanations works and activities outside the context of the board so it is ::: I think it has changed a lot because of that.11
Source: ConGraEduC.
ER6 – Discourse of interactive and innovative activities
DS18
RP: If you could suggest to ((teacher’s name)) who is a Portuguese teacher and to me that I am also working now to improve Portuguese classes, what would you tell us to do to improve .. What activity do you think would be better for us to do?
VG: Hmm::: ((throat clearing)) to do .. REsearch these things we really need to learn because we never did these things, right? Research ... work ... in group these things
DS19
RP: Got it ... Hmm::: if you could suggest to ((teacher’s name)) that is yours [
ML: [Wow ((hand in mouth and smiling))
RP: [Portuguese teacher and to me that am now also in the subject... What would you suggest to IMprove it? What activity do you think would work for the class - that you know the class - that would work for all of them to be interested in learning Portuguese?
ML: ((brings the phone closer to the interviewee’s mouth)) for sure ... video classes?
RP: video classes?
ML: [yeah
RP: [how would that be?
ML: [not to copy ... or how you do it ... the way you do it they like it because you don’t copy very much you explain the content that you are passing this - then they stay - they pay – he/she focus on the stuff because... Hmm... you’re not writing ((laughs))
RP: But what activities do you think could improve the most?
ML: I don’t know ((shaking his head))
RP: But since you would like to have it then?
ML: ((puts his hand to his mouth thinks and then puts his hand to his chin)) tours
RP: Activities with tours?
ML: Aham
DS20
RP: ((cell phone recorder close to the mouth)) Another question-- For example ... If you could suggest to ((name of the class teacher)) or to me that I am also working on the Portuguese language subject what would you tell us to do to improve for the class?
GR: ((cell phone recorder close to the mouth)) Hmm ::: for us to study well, the tasks, you pass the project to us, research on the coronavirus! That’s it!12
DS21
RP: Okay! And :: if you could suggest any activity for me or for ((name of the class teacher)) - any activity for us to improve the Portuguese language - what activity would you suggest? What kind of activity do you think we could have in class to be more cool?
MI: ((thinking, looking around)
RP: You can talk freely, we are here as impartial.
MI: I think we Hmm :: doing more tasks while playing with us, that we learn, even more, because we spend all the time, just writing, just sitting.
RP: Is it tiring?
MI: It tires a lot. ((Confirms RP’s response))
RP: Aham ... Hey guys, I thought she was very honest. Very good! It has to be that way, frank, true, doesn’it! Excellent!! So you were going to suggest this to us. Activities in which you play more. Great!
Source: ConGraEduC.
RE7 – Ludic discourse
DS22
VG: because it is very good ... we learn more because in a future time when I go to college I may need this research and it is very good.
DS23
ML: because it’s something different, something we don’t see every day, right? because it’s Always the board :: ((shaking the head)) (...) we copy and make things in the book a more dynamic class that is more fun ... so I think it is :: a lot cooler
RP: [more more ((interrupting and asking the student to continue the answer))
ML: [more is :: fun right? and then it makes everyone interested in attending classes and paying more attention to the content.
Source: ConGraEduC.