1 1 This work is part of a line of research known as Terminology, developed by the Program in Linguistic Studies at Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP / São José do Rio Preto, SP.
Terminology; Bilingual Terminological Dictionary; Microstructure; Real Estate Lease Agreements
| Macro-field 15 5 Translation: Assembly of co-owners. Feminine Noun. Definition: In every building divided into separate apartments, there is an Assembly of co-owners that must meet at least once a year and discuss important issues that go beyond the building manager's competence. Just the Assembly can modify the co-owner regulation. Decisions are made by a different majority according to their nature and importance. (LEMEUNIER, 1988, p.30.). Context. These charges and fees are included in the payment of a quarterly provision due to the lessor at the same time of each rental terms, and the final discount will be set every year after the account approval by the Assembly and based on the definitive accounts. (CCLIF) | |
| Assemblée des Copropriétaires | |
| n.f. | |
| Définition | Dans tout immeuble divisé en appartements ayant des propriétaires distincts, il existe une assemblée de copropriétaires, qui doit se réunir une fois par an au moins et se prononcer sur les questions importantes qui dépassent la compétence du syndic. Seule, l’assemblée peut modifier le règlement de copropriété. Les décisions sont prises à une majorité différente suivant leur nature et leur importance. (LEMEUNIER, 1988LEMEUNIER, F. Dictionnaire Juridique: 2000 termes juridiques, locutions latines, sigles et abreviations. Paris: La maison du dictionnaire, 1988., p.30). |
| Contexte | Ces charges, taxes et impositions donneront lieu au versement d’une provision trimestrielle payable au bailleur en même temps que chacun des termes de loyer, le décompte définitif étant établi tous les ans après approbation des comptes par l’assemblée des copropriétaireset au vu des comptes définitifs. (CCLIF) |
| Macro-field 26 6 Translation: Portuguese Equivalent Term. General Meeting. Feminine Noun. Definition. General Assembly is the meeting of joint owners, previously and regularly convened, in accordance with the Law and the Convention, to consider and deliberate on issues of interest to the Condominium. (CARVALHO, 1985, p.49). Context. The call notice, even briefly, must clearly state the subjects to be discussed, and should also list the location, day and time of the General Assembly, in the first and second call. (CARVALHO, 1985, p.51). Other denominations. Variant. Condominium Assembly. The law now allows the tenant to have a voice and vote in ordinary or extraordinary Condominium Assemblies, which will result in greater engagement between people residing in the building, regardless of their condition. (SOUZA, 2014, p.418). Note. The General Meeting can be divided into ordinary and extraordinary, the first happens every year, with the resolution on the common expenses of the condominium (service providers’ labor taxes, wages, costs related to energy, water, gas, sewage, indoor residual spraying and cleaning of common areas, hydraulic and fire protection equipment, lift maintenance, etc.), and the extraordinary assemblies occur as necessary, when convened by the building manager or Advisory Council, to deliberate on serious and urgent matters. (CARVALHO, 1985, p.50-51). None of the Portuguese equivalent terms appears in the studied Brazilian real estate lease agreements or in Brazilian Tenancy Law. However, the privileged form General Meeting is the term used in Brazilian Civil Code, in condominium section. Furthermore, it is more frequent on the web, in a ratio of 4 occurrences of the privileged form to 1 occurrence of the variant. | |
| Equivalente em português | Assembleia geral |
| s.f. | |
| Definição | Assembleia geral é a reunião de condôminos, prévia e regularmente convocada, de acordo com o determinado em Lei e na Convenção, para apreciar e deliberar sobre assuntos de interesse do Condomínio. (CARVALHO, 1985CARVALHO, A. J. F. O condomínio na prática. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Liber Juris, 1985., p.49). |
| Contexto | O edital de convocação, mesmo sumariamente, deve indicar com clareza os assuntos a serem debatidos, indicando ainda, obrigatoriamente, o local, dia e hora da realização daAssembleia Geral, em primeira e segunda convocações. (CARVALHO, 1985CARVALHO, A. J. F. O condomínio na prática. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Liber Juris, 1985., p.51). |
| Outras denominações | Var. Assembleia de condomínio Permite agora a lei que o locatário tenha voz e voto nasassembleias de condomínio, ordinárias ou extraordinárias, o que vai produzir maior integração entre os que residem no edifício, independentemente de sua condição. (SOUZA, 2014SOUZA, S. C. A Lei do inquilinato comentada. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 2014., p.418). |
| Nota | A assembleia geral pode se dividir em ordinária e extraordinária, a primeira realiza-se todo ano, com a deliberação a respeito das despesas ordinárias do condomínio (impostos trabalhistas dos prestadores de serviços, salários, relativas a consumo de luz, água, gás, esgoto, dedetização e limpeza das áreas comuns, aparelhos hidráulicos e de proteção contra incêndio, manutenção de elevadores, etc.), as extraordinárias ocorrem conforme necessidade, por convocação do Síndico ou Conselho consultivo, para deliberar sobre assuntos graves e urgentes. (CARVALHO, 1985CARVALHO, A. J. F. O condomínio na prática. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Liber Juris, 1985., p.50-51). Nenhum dos equivalentes em português ocorre nos contratos de locação de imóveis brasileiros estudados, nem na Lei do Inquilinato brasileira. A forma privilegiada, no entanto, assembleia geral, é o termo utilizado no Código Civil Brasileiro, na parte referente aos condomínios. Além disso, é mais frequente na web, em uma proporção de 4 ocorrências da forma privilegiada para 1 da variante. |
| Macro-field 37 7 Translation: Notes on Equivalence. The French term refers to the group of joint owners that make up the deliberative assembly. In Portuguese, the term refers to the meeting of joint owners, where they discuss the resolution of relevant questions. We consider that these terms are not absolute equivalents, instead they are terms that work in communication and cover the necessary aspects for writing the text content in the other language. | |
| Observações sobre equivalência | O termo em francês se refere ao grupo de condôminos que formam a assembleia deliberativa. Em português, o termo denomina a reunião dos condôminos, evento no qual eles discutem, visando a resolução de questões pertinentes. Consideramos esses termos não como equivalentes absolutos, mas termos que funcionam na comunicação e recobrem os aspectos necessários para a recomposição do conteúdo do texto na outra língua. |
| Macro-field 48 8 Translation: Place in concept system. | |
| Lugar no sistema conceitual | 1.5.6.1 |
| LOCATAIRE | |
| [...] | |
| Contexte | Lelocatairedéclare bien connaître les lieux ainsi que les équipements privatifs et communs dont ils bénéficient, pour les avoir visités en vue des présentes et reconnaît leur conformité avec les éléments ci-dessus mentionnés sans qu’il soit nécessaire d’en faire plus ample désignation. (CCLIF)16 16 Translation: Tenant. Context. The tenant declares to know well the building and the private and common equipment available there, having visited it according to this contract, and recognizes its compliance with the above mentioned elements without the need of further designation. (CCLIF) |
| CONSTAT DE RISQUE D’EXPOSITION AU PLOMB | |
| [...] | |
| Autres dénominations | Var. CREP Un dossier de diagnostic technique comprenant un diagnostic de performance énergétique (DPE) et pour les biens concernés un état des risques naturels, miniers et technologiques et un constat de risque d’exposition au plomb (CREP). (CCLIF)22 22 Translation: Certificate of Risk of Lead Exposure. Other denominations. Variant. CREP. A technical diagnostic file consisting of an Energy Efficiency Diagnosis (DPE, the acronym in French) and the assets referred to in a Natural, Mining and Technological Risk Certificate and a Certificate of Lead Exposure (CREP, the acronym in French). (CCLI) |
| BAIL | |
| [...] | |
| Autres dénominations | Syn. contrat de location Le propriétaire est tenu de délivrer au locataire le logement en bon état de réparations de toute espèce et les équipements mentionnés aucontrat de locationen bon état de fonctionnement. (CCLIF)23 23 Translation: Other denominations. Synonym. Lease agreement. The owner shall deliver the property to the tenant in good condition, with repairs of all kinds and the equipment mentioned in the lease agreement in good working order. |
| CAUTION | |
| [...] | |
| Note | Les termes caution et garant designent tous les deux le même concept. Néanmoins, par rapport à l’usage, les termes ne sont pas utilisés à la même fréquence dans le corpus étudié (caution à 192 occurrences et garant, 14). Du terme caution dérive le mot cautionnement, très important dans le domaine des baux. De cette façon, le terme caution se fait plus présent dans le domaine de la location immobilière, quoique les deux termes puissent être utilisés dans des expressions comme «se porter caution» et «se porter garant», celle-ci sans aucune occurrence dans les contrats.25 25 Translation: Note. The terms caution and garant (guarantor) designate the same concept. However, in terms of use, they are not used as often in the studied corpus (caution had 192 occurrences, and garant 14). From the term caution comes the word cautionnement (contract of guarantee), which is very important in lease contracts. Thus, the term caution is more frequent in real estate leasing domain, although both terms may be used in expressions such as “se porter caution” and “se porter garant” (being guarantor), the latter without any occurrence in our contracts. |
| BUDGET | |
| [...] | |
| Note | Mot en anglais.26 26 Translation: Note. Word in English. |
| HONORAIRES | |
| [...] | |
| Note | Le terme honoraires au sens de rémunération des professionnels libéraux est toujours utilisé au pluriel. Honoraire (au singulier) est un adjectif qui signifie « à titre honorifique », «qui a le titre sans exercer la fonction: un magistrat honoraire, un professeur honoraire». (BISSARDON, 2009BISSARDON, S. Guide du langage juridique: vocabulaire, pièges et difficultés. Paris: LexisNexis Litec, 2009., p.46).27 27 Translation: Note. The term honoraires (fees), meaning independent professionals’ remuneration, is always used in plural. Honoraire (singular) is an adjective that means ‘for honorable purposes’, and refers to ‘someone who has a title but doesn’t practice the function: an honorary magistrate, an honorary teacher’. (BISSARDON, 2009, p.46). |
| ASSURANCE INCENDIE | |
| [...] | |
| V. Assurance contre l’incendie30 30 Translation: Fire insurance. | |
| Equivalente em português | Benefício de ordem |
| [...] | |
| Cf. Benefício de divisão33 33 Translation: Benefit of division. |
| REVENU MINIMUM D’INSERTION | |
| [...] | |
| Définition | Mesure instituée par la loi du 30 novembre 1988 en France dans le cadre de la lutte contre la pauvreté. L’allocation, d’un montant variable, bénéficie à toute personne de plus de 25 ans, français ou étranger ayant un titre de séjour de 3 ans ou moins. Elle est d’un montant variable selon les ressources et la taille de la famille. Elle est accordée pour une période de 3 mois à 1 an. Elle s’accompagne d’un contrat prévoyant des activités d’insertion sous forme d’un travail ou d’une formation pour le bénéficiaire. (SILEM, 2008, p.678).35 35 Translation: Minimum income of insertion. Definition. Measure established by the Act of November 30, 1988 in France in the context of the fight against poverty. The grant of a variable amount benefits any person over 25 years old, French citizen or foreigner with a residence permit of 3 years or less. It is a variable amount depending on income and family size. It is granted for a period of 3 months to 1 year. It is accompanied by a contract that sets out insertion activities, including jobs or training for the beneficiary. (SILEM, 2008, p.678). |
| Equivalente em português | “Renda mínima de inserção” |
| [...] | |
| Contexto |
Ao analisar a construção social (mesmo que inconsciente) da relação do Estado (e da coisa pública) com a política social deRenda Mínima de Inserção(RMI) francesa e como consequência as representações sociais e análises feitas sobre o programa, espera-se compreender assim o Programa Renda Mínima de Inserção (RMI) francesa pela dimensão cognitiva, ou seja, mapeando as representações sociais que perpassam os discursos da sociedade francesa sobre o programa, podendo então relacionar ao caso brasileiro, do porquê da associação do programa Bolsa Família ao assistencialismo. (FLORES, 2013FLORES, M. S. Representações sociais sobre a renda mínima de inserção (RMI) francesa e dimensões cognitivas do sistema social. 2013. Disponível em: http://www.bv.fapesp.br/pt/bolsas/141295/representacoes-sociais-sobre-a-renda-minima-de-insercao-rmi-francesa-e-dimensoes-cognitivas-do-sis/. Acesso em: 08 abr. 2017. http://www.bv.fapesp.br/pt/bolsas/141295... , s/p).36 36 Translation: Portuguese Equivalent Term. Minimum income of insertion. Context. By analyzing the social (albeit unconscious) construction of the relationship between the State (and of public affairs) and the French Social Policy of Minimum income of insertion (RMI, in the French acronym) and, thus, the social representations and analyzes about the program, we hope to understand the French Minimum income of insertion (RMI) Program from a cognitive perspective, i. e., mapping the social representations that permeate the French society discourses about the program, and then relating it to the Brazilian case, the reasons for the Bolsa Familia program association to welfare programmes. (FLORES, 2013, n/p). |
| Observações sobre equivalência | Não encontramos registros da existência da realidade cultural denominada pelo termo revenu minimum d’insertion no Brasil. O termo renda mínima de inserção foi cunhado em língua portuguesa por jornalistas e estudiosos para denominar uma realidade social ocorrente na França.37 37 Notes on Equivalence. We found no records proving the existence of the cultural reality named by the French term revenu minimum d’insertion in Brazil. The term renda mínima de inserção (minimum income of insertion) was coined in Portuguese by journalists and scholars to name a social reality occurring in France. |
| SUPPLÉMENT DE LOYER DE SOLIDARITÉ | |
| [...] | |
| Equivalente em português | Sem equivalente em português |
| Observações sobre equivalência | O termo em francês denomina uma realidade muito específica do mercado da locação na França. As pessoas de baixa renda podem obter, por intermédio do Estado, um tipo de locação chamada de HLM, habitation à loyer modéré. Trata-se de um tipo de habitação social, cujos valores locatícios são mais modestos. Para serem beneficiados por esse programa, os candidatos à HLM não podem ter renda superior a um determinado teto. Caso o locatário tenha uma renda superior a esse teto máximo, ele deve pagar um acréscimo no aluguel chamado “supplément de loyer de solidarité”. Essa realidade não existe no Brasil.38 38 Translation: No equivalent in Portuguese. Notes on Equivalence. The French term refers to a very specific reality of the leasing market in France. Low-income people can get, through the State, a type of leasing called HLM, habitation à loyer modéré. It is a type of public housing, whose leasing values are more affordable. To take advantage from this program, HLM applicants cannot have an income above a certain ceiling. If the tenant has an income beyond this ceiling, he must pay an increment over the rent called “supplement de loyer de solidarity”. This reality does not exist in Brazil. |
| CAUTION | |
| [...] | |
| Définition | Personne qui s’engage envers le créancier, à titre de garantie, à remplir l’obligation du débiteur principal, pour le cas où celui-ci n’y aurait pas lui-même satisfait et qui, n’étant en principe tenue qu’à titre subsidiaire, peut exiger que le débiteur principal soit d’abord discuté dans ses biens. (CORNU, 2009CORNU, G. Vocabulaire juridique. Paris: Presses Universitaire de France, 2009., p.138).39 39 Translation: Guarantor. Definition. A person who pledges with the creditor, as collateral, to fulfill the main debtor’s obligation in the event that he fails to do so and who, being in principle bound only alternatively, may require the main debtor’s assets to be challenged first. (CORNU, 2009, p.138). |
| Equivalente em português | Fiador |
| [...] | |
| Definição | Na terminologia jurídica designa precisamente a pessoa que se obriga pelo pagamento da obrigação de outrem, prometendo cumpri-la ou pagá-la no caso em que o devedor não a cumpra. (SILVA, 2006SILVA, D. P. e. Vocabulário jurídico. 27.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 2006., p.609).40 40 Translation: In legal terminology, it accurately designates the person who is obliged to pay another person’s duty, promising to fulfill it or to pay it if the debtor does not fulfill it. |
| Observações sobre equivalência | A expressão linguística caution denomina dois conceitos diferentes em francês, um deles refere-se ao equivalente em português fiador, o outro conceito refere-se ao equivalente caução, em português.41 41 Notes on Equivalence. The linguistic expression caution names two different concepts in French, one of them refers to the Portuguese equivalent fiador, the other concept refers to the Portuguese equivalent caução. |
| BAIL COMMERCIAL | |
| [...] | |
| Equivalente em português | Contrato de locação não residencial1 1 This work is part of a line of research known as Terminology, developed by the Program in Linguistic Studies at Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP / São José do Rio Preto, SP. |
| Observações sobre equivalência | Na terminologia locatícia francesa, os termos bail commercial e bail professionnel referem-se ao contrato de locação destinado ao estabelecimento onde se desenvolvem atividades de empresas comerciais (lojas, restaurantes, etc.) e de profissionais liberais (advogados, cabeleireiros, etc) respectivamente. Na terminologia locatícia brasileira, a locação para essas duas categorias de estabelecimentos comerciais é designada por um mesmo termo, qual seja, contrato de locação não residencial.42 42 Translation: Notes on Equivalence. In French leasing terminology, the terms bail commercial and bail professionnel refer to the lease agreement intended for a facility where the activities of commercial companies (shops, restaurants, etc.) and independent professionals (lawyers, hairdressers, etc.) are performed, respectively. In Brazilian leasing terminology, the leasing in these two categories of commercial facilities is designated by the same term, contrato de locação não residencial (non-residential lease agreement). |
| ASSURANCE HABITATION 44 | |
| [...] | |
| Lugar no sistema conceitual | 1.8.3.4 |
