Abstract:
This article deals with the anticlericalism of the second half of the 19th century in some European States and in the Imperial Brazilian Parliament. The dynamic moment of anticlerical militancy was during and after the Pontificate of Pius IX (1846-1878), a period in which the Catholic Church assumed a series of conservative positions and postures in the face of political, social and cultural transformations that put it on a collision course with as modernized ideas of the time. The reference point, as a criterion for the analysis of European cases, were the speeches and debates that took place in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Imperial Brazilian Senate. The objective of the investigation was to show how the parliamentarians, from the two legislative houses, were in tune with the anticlerical movements in Europe, as well as in the North American example of selection between the State and the Church. The results of the research, the main contribution being the presentation of the circularity of ideas and models of separation between Church and State, suggested the Brazilian secularism, implanted with the advance of the Republic (1889), has a double source, both in Europe in the USA.
Keywords:
Anticlericalism; Pope Pius IX; Separation of Church and State