Sistema de garantia participativa, equivalência e controle de qualidade em um estudo comparativo sobre sistemas de certificação orgânica na Europa e no Brasil

Cavallet, Luiz Ermindo; Canavari, Maurizio; Fortes Neto, Paulo

doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.2213

Brasil

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ARTICLES • Rev. Ambient. Água 13 (4) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2213 linkcopiar

Sistema de garantia participativa, equivalência e controle de qualidade em um estudo comparativo sobre sistemas de certificação orgânica na Europa e no Brasil

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Embora a agricultura orgânica no Brasil atinja principalmente aos consumidores locais, há uma crescente demanda por pesquisas relacionadas à comercialização com o exterior neste setor. Uma pesquisa foi realizada na Europa sobre a percepção de entidades relacionadas a este tema, especificamente sobre Sistemas Participativos de Garantia (SPG), a viabilidade da equivalência entre os países e os procedimentos de controle. Um estudo exploratório foi realizado através de entrevistas com cinco organismos de certificação orgânica, dois na Suíça, três na Itália e uma associação de produtores na Itália. O SPG é pouco conhecido na Europa em geral e é sugerido divulgar melhor nos países membros. O SPG foi avaliado positivamente para reduzir os custos de certificação e promover os benefícios de um aspecto social, mas pode falhar na conformidade orgânica e na produção em grande escala. Existem diferenças significativas para estabelecer equivalência, como a falta de homogeneidade entre os países europeus em procedimentos de controle, a existência de SPG na legislação brasileira, a falta de produtos do extrativismo vegetal na Europa, diferentes períodos de conversão e a exigência de um maior número de inspeções no Brasil. A equivalência foi considerada benéfica para ambos e seria apropriado fazer esforços para torná-la viável. A legislação brasileira sobre agricultura orgânica é considerada muito restritiva e complexa.

Palavras-chave: organismo de certificação orgânica; sistemas de produção orgânica; sustentabilidade ambiental

Topics	Main Points
Participatory Guarantee System (PGS)	-Decreases the certification cost and has greater civil participation
	-Creates confidence in product quality
	-Increase risk of non-compliance with organic quality
	-Promotes healthy relationship between social factors and the property
	-Has meaningful differences from the European system
	-Is considered as a self-certification
	-Does not allow large-scale production
	-Is suitable for Brazilian and Latin American reality
	-Is practically unknown in Europe
Equivalences between the two systems	-Define a strategy to overcome the differences between the two systems
	-Obtaining an agreement will depend on political efforts of both parties.
	-Favors that 95% of the inputs are the same in both systems
	-Equivalence is beneficial for both countries
Organic Quality Control	-All items are checked at least once a year
	-Control cost is high, but it is more efficient
	-Control efficiency is related to the technical assistance to producers
	-Intensity of inspections is made according to the level of risk
	-No homogeneity of procedures between control bodies
	-No uniformity of procedures between countries
	-Updating of knowledge for the auditors is done only once a year
	-Lack of training regarding the main risks
	-In general, there is lack of uniformity of procedures
	-Should take advantage of Brazilian experience with its new regulations

Topics	Main Points
Participatory Guarantee System (PGS)	-Does not exist in European legislation for organic products
	-Contributes to discredit the organic certification seal
	-Will take a long time to be accepted in Europe
	-Makes it difficult to set equivalence with other countries
	-Impairs the export of Brazilian organic products
	-Is beneficial to Brazil and other Latin American countries
Equivalences between the two systems	-In Brazil the legislation is very detailed when compared to the European legislation
	-In Brazil, the legislation appears to show equivalence with other countries
	-Too much detail hinders the viability of equivalence with Europe
	-The existence of participatory certification is the main problem
	-Will be hampered by the slow pace of policy decisions in the European Community
	-Brazil is said to have very protectionist market policies
	-Certifiers can request individual recognition in Europe
	- It is suggested that Brazil set equivalence with countries which already have it with Europe
	-Seek equivalence with Latin American countries
	-Simplify the control system aiming at the establishment of equivalence
	- Current need for recertification is for both countries
Organic Quality Control	-Switzerland has a less-complex control system than Brazil
	-In Europe, there are both system modes (public and private)
	-In Denmark it is public, in Germany it is private and in Spain there are both
	-In Europe, the inspection is made by the country where they are headquartered
	-The control body must be accredited by the Ministry of Agriculture
	-Once accredited, they must report to the European Union
	-In Europe, the operator must be inspected at least once a year
	-In Brazil, the organic operator must be inspected at least twice a year
	-In Europe, there are two types of organic seal, one for the public and another for the private
	-In Europe, private seals are considered more reliable
	-In Europe, private seals are more detailed due to the requirements of the legislation
	-In Brazil, the control system is much more restrictive than in Europe

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Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas (IPABHi), Estrada Mun. Dr. José Luis Cembranelli, 5000, Taubaté, SP, Brasil, CEP 12081-010 - Taubaté - SP - Brazil
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