Drinking water quality indices: a systematic review

This analysis applied systematic review as a methodology for identifying, analyzing and interpreting data on the use of water quality indices for human consumption. Scientific articles were searched in the “PubMed”, “Scielo”, “ScienceDirect” and “Web of Science" databases, using the keywords “drinking water” and “water quality index”, with a custom interval between 2000 and 2020. The results indicated 82,573 published articles, with 16 of them being selected after a filtering process. The occurrence of 11 water quality indices was verified, including 47 water quality parameters used to assess the quality of drinking water, highlighting that the parameters pH, Nitrate, Turbidity, Chloride and Sulfate were the most used, cited in 10 of the 16 articles selected (62,5%). We suggest that future studies seek to propose regionalized water quality indicators for consumption, in order to consider local aspects in the evaluation process and to determine intervention priorities by health surveillance agencies.

Keywords:
drinking water; systematic review; water quality indices

Authorship

Rodrigo Augusto Klamt

Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental. Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, n° 2293, CEP: 96816-501, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil. E-mail: rodrigoklamt@hotmail.com Universidade de Santa Cruz do SulBrazilSanta Cruz do Sul, RS, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental. Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, n° 2293, CEP: 96816-501, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil. E-mail: rodrigoklamt@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-660X

Adilson Ben da Costa

Departamento de Ciências da Vida. Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, n° 2293, CEP: 96816-501, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil. E-mail: adilson@unisc.br Universidade de Santa Cruz do SulBrazilSanta Cruz do Sul, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências da Vida. Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, n° 2293, CEP: 96816-501, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil. E-mail: adilson@unisc.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3009-7459

Mari Ângela Gaedke

Departamento de Ciências da Saúde. Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, n° 2293, CEP: 96816-501, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil. E-mail: marig@unisc.br Universidade de Santa Cruz do SulBrazilSanta Cruz do Sul, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências da Saúde. Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, n° 2293, CEP: 96816-501, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil. E-mail: marig@unisc.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3032-081X

Eduardo Alexis Lobo ^**Corresponding author: Eduardo Alexis Lobo, e-mail: lobo@unisc.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0484

^*Corresponding author: Eduardo Alexis Lobo, e-mail: lobo@unisc.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (7)

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Table 1.
Research questions.

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Table 2.
Filtering process.

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Table 3.
Water quality indices used and respective references.

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Table 4.
Parameters used to assess the quality of drinking water and respective references.

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Table 5.
Water quality parameter classification (WHO, 2017WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 4th edition, incorporating the 1st addendum (chapters). Geneva, 2017.).

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Table 6.
Water quality parameters in Brazil, following the Consolidation Ordinance nº 5/2017 of the Ministry of Health (Brasil, 2017BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria de Consolidação nº 5, de 28 de setembro de 2017. Ministério da Saúde. Consolidação das normas sobre as ações e os serviços de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde. Diário Oficial [da] União: seção 1, Brasília, DF, 03 out. 2017.).

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Table 7.
Classification of results.

Table 1. Research questions.

Reference	Questions
General question (GQ1)	Which indices were applied to classify the quality of drinking water?
Specific question (FQ1)	Which variables were found in the research?
Statistic question (SQ1)	Where were the surveys published?

Table 2. Filtering process.

Database	Initial search	Keywords in the title	C1	C2	C3/C4
PubMed	126	32	24	24	3 (2,38%)
Scielo	38	1	1	1	0 (0%)
Science Direct	42815	356	356	344	10 (0,02%)
Web of science	39594	26	15	15	3 (0,01%)
Total	82573	415	396	381	16 (0,02%)

Table 3. Water quality indices used and respective references.

Water Quality Indices	Articles
Bhargava Water Quality Index.	Avvannavar and Shrihari (2008)AVVANNAVAR, S. M.; SHRIHARI, S. Evaluation of water quality index for drinking purposes for river Netravathi, Mangalore, South India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 143, n. 1-3, p. 279-290, 2008..
GWQI - Groundwater Quality Index.	*Masocha et al.* (2019)**MASOCHA, M.; DUBE, T.; DUBE, T. Integrating microbiological and physico-chemical parameters for enhanced spatial prediction of groundwater quality in Harare. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 112, p. 125-133, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2019.03.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2019.03.00... .
National Sanitation Foundation Index (NSF).	*Gharibi et al.* (2012)GHARIBI, H.; MAHVI, A. H.; NABIZADEH, R.; ARABALIBEIK, H.; YUNESIAN, M.; SOWLAT, M. H. A novel approach in water quality assessment based on fuzzy logic. Journal of Environmental Management, n. 112, p. 87-95, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.07.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.0... ; Barakat et al. (2018)BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... ; Cooray et al. (2019)**COORAY, T.; WEI, Y.; ZHANG, J.; ZHENG, L.; ZHONG, H.; WERAGODA, S. K.; WEERASOORIYA, R. Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice. Water, v. 11, n. 12, p. 2512, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512... .
WQI CCME.	Gharibi et al. (2012); *Hurley et al.* (2012)HURLEY, T.; SADIQ, R.; MAZUMDER, A. Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality. Water Research, n. 46, p. 3544-3552, 2012.; Mohebbi et al. (2013) MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015)**ABTAHI, M.; GOLCHINPOUR, N.; YAGHMAEIAN, K.; RAFIEE, M.; JAHANGIRI-RAD, M.; KEYANI, A.; SAEEDI, R. A modified drinking water quality index (DWQI) for assessing drinking source water quality in rural communities of Khuzestan Province, Iran. Ecological Indicators, n. 53, p. 283-291, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.02.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.0... .
Water Quality Index (WQI).	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... .
Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI).	*Scheili et al.* (2015)SCHEILI, A.; RODRIGUEZ, M. J.; SADIQ, R. Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, v. 187, n. 11, p. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; Ramesh et al. (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Ponsadailakshmi et al. (2018)**PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... .
Fuzzy-based Water Quality Index.	Gharibi et al. (2012).
Additive Water Quality Index (AWQI).	*Paca et al.* (2019)**PACA, J. M.; SANTOS, F. M.; PIRES, J. C. M.; LEITÃO, A. A.; BOAVENTURA, R. A. R. Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, v. 254, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11... .
Multiplicative Water Quality Index (MWQI).	*Paca et al.* (2019)**PACA, J. M.; SANTOS, F. M.; PIRES, J. C. M.; LEITÃO, A. A.; BOAVENTURA, R. A. R. Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, v. 254, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11... .
Scottish Water Quality Index (SDD).	Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007..
Integrated Water Quality Index (IWQI).	*Mukate et al.* (2019)**MUKATE, S.; WAGH, V.; PANASKAR, D.; JACOBS, J. A.; SAWANT, A. Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 348-354, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.0... .

Table 4. Parameters used to assess the quality of drinking water and respective references.

Parameters (N° of citations)	Articles
pH (16)	*Paca et al.* (2019)PACA, J. M.; SANTOS, F. M.; PIRES, J. C. M.; LEITÃO, A. A.; BOAVENTURA, R. A. R. Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, v. 254, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11... ; Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Scheili et al. (2015)SCHEILI, A.; RODRIGUEZ, M. J.; SADIQ, R. Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, v. 187, n. 11, p. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; Cooray et al. (2019)COORAY, T.; WEI, Y.; ZHANG, J.; ZHENG, L.; ZHONG, H.; WERAGODA, S. K.; WEERASOORIYA, R. Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice. Water, v. 11, n. 12, p. 2512, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512... ; Avvannavar and Shrihari (2008); Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)*BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; Ramesh et al.* (2010); Gharibi et al. (2012); *Hurley et al.* (2012)HURLEY, T.; SADIQ, R.; MAZUMDER, A. Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality. Water Research, n. 46, p. 3544-3552, 2012.; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Barakat et al.* (2018)BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... ; Ponsadailakshmi et al. (2018)*PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... ; Masocha et al.* (2019); *Mukate et al.* (2019)**MUKATE, S.; WAGH, V.; PANASKAR, D.; JACOBS, J. A.; SAWANT, A. Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 348-354, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.0... .
Nitrate (13)	*Paca et al.* (2019)PACA, J. M.; SANTOS, F. M.; PIRES, J. C. M.; LEITÃO, A. A.; BOAVENTURA, R. A. R. Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, v. 254, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11... ; Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; Ramesh et al. (2010)*RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Gharibi et al.* (2012); *Hurley et al.* (2012)HURLEY, T.; SADIQ, R.; MAZUMDER, A. Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality. Water Research, n. 46, p. 3544-3552, 2012.; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Barakat et al.* (2018)BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... ; Ponsadailakshmi et al. (2018)*PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... ; Masocha et al.* (2019); *Mukate et al.* (2019)**MUKATE, S.; WAGH, V.; PANASKAR, D.; JACOBS, J. A.; SAWANT, A. Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 348-354, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.0... .
Turbidity (11)	*Paca et al.* (2019)PACA, J. M.; SANTOS, F. M.; PIRES, J. C. M.; LEITÃO, A. A.; BOAVENTURA, R. A. R. Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, v. 254, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11... ; Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Scheili et al. (2015)SCHEILI, A.; RODRIGUEZ, M. J.; SADIQ, R. Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, v. 187, n. 11, p. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-... ; Avvannavar and Shrihari (2008); Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)*BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; Gharibi et al.* (2012); *Hurley et al.* (2012)HURLEY, T.; SADIQ, R.; MAZUMDER, A. Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality. Water Research, n. 46, p. 3544-3552, 2012.; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Barakat et al.* (2018)*BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... ; Masocha et al.* (2019).
Chlorides (10)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; *Cooray et al.* (2019)COORAY, T.; WEI, Y.; ZHANG, J.; ZHENG, L.; ZHONG, H.; WERAGODA, S. K.; WEERASOORIYA, R. Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice. Water, v. 11, n. 12, p. 2512, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512... ; Ramesh et al. (2010)*RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Gharibi et al.* (2012); *Mohebbi et al.* (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Barakat et al.* (2018)BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... ; Ponsadailakshmi et al. (2018)PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... ; Mukate et al. (2019)**MUKATE, S.; WAGH, V.; PANASKAR, D.; JACOBS, J. A.; SAWANT, A. Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 348-354, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.0... .
Sulfate (10)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; *Cooray et al.* (2019)COORAY, T.; WEI, Y.; ZHANG, J.; ZHENG, L.; ZHONG, H.; WERAGODA, S. K.; WEERASOORIYA, R. Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice. Water, v. 11, n. 12, p. 2512, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512... ; Ramesh et al. (2010)*RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Gharibi et al.* (2012); *Mohebbi et al.* (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Ponsadailakshmi et al.* (2018)*PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... ; Masocha et al.* (2019); *Mukate et al.* (2019)**MUKATE, S.; WAGH, V.; PANASKAR, D.; JACOBS, J. A.; SAWANT, A. Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 348-354, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.0... .
Total hardness (9)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; *Cooray et al.* (2019)COORAY, T.; WEI, Y.; ZHANG, J.; ZHENG, L.; ZHONG, H.; WERAGODA, S. K.; WEERASOORIYA, R. Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice. Water, v. 11, n. 12, p. 2512, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512... ; Ramesh et al. (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Barakat et al.* (2018)BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... ; Ponsadailakshmi et al. (2018)*PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... ; Masocha et al.* (2019).
Iron (9)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; *Cooray et al.* (2019)COORAY, T.; WEI, Y.; ZHANG, J.; ZHENG, L.; ZHONG, H.; WERAGODA, S. K.; WEERASOORIYA, R. Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice. Water, v. 11, n. 12, p. 2512, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512... ; Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; Ramesh et al. (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Hurley et al. (2012)HURLEY, T.; SADIQ, R.; MAZUMDER, A. Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality. Water Research, n. 46, p. 3544-3552, 2012.; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Ponsadailakshmi et al.* (2018)*PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... ; Masocha et al.* (2019).
Calcium (9)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; *Ramesh et al.* (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Barakat et al.* (2018)BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... ; Ponsadailakshmi et al. (2018)*PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... ; Masocha et al.* (2019); *Mukate et al.* (2019)**MUKATE, S.; WAGH, V.; PANASKAR, D.; JACOBS, J. A.; SAWANT, A. Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 348-354, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.0... .
Magnesium (8)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; *Ramesh et al.* (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Ponsadailakshmi et al.* (2018)*PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... ; Masocha et al.* (2019); *Mukate et al.* (2019)**MUKATE, S.; WAGH, V.; PANASKAR, D.; JACOBS, J. A.; SAWANT, A. Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 348-354, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.0... .
Sodium (8)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; *Ramesh et al.* (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Ponsadailakshmi et al.* (2018)*PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... ; Masocha et al.* (2019); *Mukate et al.* (2019)**MUKATE, S.; WAGH, V.; PANASKAR, D.; JACOBS, J. A.; SAWANT, A. Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 348-354, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.0... .
Fluorides (8)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; *Cooray et al.* (2019)COORAY, T.; WEI, Y.; ZHANG, J.; ZHENG, L.; ZHONG, H.; WERAGODA, S. K.; WEERASOORIYA, R. Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice. Water, v. 11, n. 12, p. 2512, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512... ; Ramesh et al. (2010)*RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Gharibi et al.* (2012); *Mohebbi et al.* (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Ponsadailakshmi et al.* (2018)**PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... .
Electric conductivity (8)	*Paca et al.* (2019)PACA, J. M.; SANTOS, F. M.; PIRES, J. C. M.; LEITÃO, A. A.; BOAVENTURA, R. A. R. Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, v. 254, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11... ; Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Cooray et al. (2019)COORAY, T.; WEI, Y.; ZHANG, J.; ZHENG, L.; ZHONG, H.; WERAGODA, S. K.; WEERASOORIYA, R. Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice. Water, v. 11, n. 12, p. 2512, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512... ; Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; Ramesh et al. (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Barakat et al. (2018)BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... ; Ponsadailakshmi et al. (2018)*PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... ; Masocha et al.* (2019).
Total coliforms (7)	Avvannavar and Shrihari (2008); *Ramesh et al.* (2010)*RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Gharibi et al.* (2012); *Hurley et al.* (2012)HURLEY, T.; SADIQ, R.; MAZUMDER, A. Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality. Water Research, n. 46, p. 3544-3552, 2012.; Barakat et al. (2018)*BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... ; Masocha et al.* (2019); Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007..
Total dissolved solids (6)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; Gharibi et al. (2012); *Mohebbi et al.* (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Mukate et al.* (2019)**MUKATE, S.; WAGH, V.; PANASKAR, D.; JACOBS, J. A.; SAWANT, A. Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 348-354, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.0... .
Chrome (6)	Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; *Ramesh et al.* (2010)*RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Gharibi et al.* (2012); *Mohebbi et al.* (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Ponsadailakshmi et al.* (2018)**PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... .
Nitrite (6)	Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; *Ramesh et al.* (2010)*RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Gharibi et al.* (2012); *Mohebbi et al.* (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Barakat et al.* (2018)**BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... .
Total alkalinity (5)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; *Cooray et al.* (2019)COORAY, T.; WEI, Y.; ZHANG, J.; ZHENG, L.; ZHONG, H.; WERAGODA, S. K.; WEERASOORIYA, R. Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice. Water, v. 11, n. 12, p. 2512, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512... ; Ramesh et al. (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Barakat et al. (2018)BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... ; Ponsadailakshmi et al. (2018)**PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... .
Manganese (5)	Batabya and Chakraborty (2015); *Ramesh et al.* (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Ponsadailakshmi et al.* (2018)**PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... .
Zinc (5)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; *Ramesh et al.* (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Ponsadailakshmi et al.* (2018)**PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... .
Copper (5)	Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; *Ramesh et al.* (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Ponsadailakshmi et al.* (2018)**PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... .
Ammonia (5)	*Paca et al.* (2019)PACA, J. M.; SANTOS, F. M.; PIRES, J. C. M.; LEITÃO, A. A.; BOAVENTURA, R. A. R. Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, v. 254, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11... ; Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015); *Barakat et al.* (2018)**BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... .
Potassium (4)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; Masocha et al. (2019); *Mukate et al.* (2019)**MUKATE, S.; WAGH, V.; PANASKAR, D.; JACOBS, J. A.; SAWANT, A. Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 348-354, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.0... .
Lead (4)	*Ramesh et al.* (2010)*RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Gharibi et al.* (2012); *Mohebbi et al.* (2013) MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Ponsadailakshmi et al. (2018)**PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... .
Dissolved oxygen (4)	*Paca et al.* (2019)PACA, J. M.; SANTOS, F. M.; PIRES, J. C. M.; LEITÃO, A. A.; BOAVENTURA, R. A. R. Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, v. 254, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11... ; Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)*BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; Gharibi et al.* (2012); *Barakat et al.* (2018)**BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... .
Arsenic (4)	Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; Gharibi et al. (2012); *Mohebbi et al.* (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015).
Titalicperature (4)	*Scheili et al.* (2015)SCHEILI, A.; RODRIGUEZ, M. J.; SADIQ, R. Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, v. 187, n. 11, p. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-... ; Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)*BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; Gharibi et al.* (2012); *Barakat et al.* (2018)**BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... .
Escherichia coli(3)	*Hurley et al.* (2012)*HURLEY, T.; SADIQ, R.; MAZUMDER, A. Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality. Water Research, n. 46, p. 3544-3552, 2012.; Abtahi et al.* (2015); *Barakat et al.* (2018)**BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... .
Fecal coliforms (3)	*Paca et al.* (2019)PACA, J. M.; SANTOS, F. M.; PIRES, J. C. M.; LEITÃO, A. A.; BOAVENTURA, R. A. R. Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, v. 254, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11... ; Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013..
Biochitalicical oxygen ditalicand (3)	*Paca et al.* (2019)*PACA, J. M.; SANTOS, F. M.; PIRES, J. C. M.; LEITÃO, A. A.; BOAVENTURA, R. A. R. Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, v. 254, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11... ; Avvannavar and Shrihari (2008); Gharibi et al.* (2012).
Total organic carbon (3)	*Scheili et al.* (2015)SCHEILI, A.; RODRIGUEZ, M. J.; SADIQ, R. Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, v. 187, n. 11, p. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-... ; Hurley et al. (2012)HURLEY, T.; SADIQ, R.; MAZUMDER, A. Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality. Water Research, n. 46, p. 3544-3552, 2012.; Cooray et al. (2019)**COORAY, T.; WEI, Y.; ZHANG, J.; ZHENG, L.; ZHONG, H.; WERAGODA, S. K.; WEERASOORIYA, R. Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice. Water, v. 11, n. 12, p. 2512, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122512... .
Cadmium (3)	*Ramesh et al.* (2010)RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... ; Mohebbi et al. (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Gharibi et al. (2012).
Aluminium (2)	*Mohebbi et al.* (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Abtahi et al. (2015).
Phosphate (2)	*Paca et al.* (2019)*PACA, J. M.; SANTOS, F. M.; PIRES, J. C. M.; LEITÃO, A. A.; BOAVENTURA, R. A. R. Quality assessment of water intended for human consumption from Kwanza, Dande and Bengo rivers (Angola). Environmental Pollution, v. 254, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11... ; Gharibi et al.* (2012).
Mercury (2)	Gharibi et al. (2012); *Mohebbi et al.* (2013)** MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013..
Fecal enterococci (2)	Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; *Barakat et al.* (2018)**BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... .
Bicarbonate (2)	Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... .
Nickel (1)	*Ramesh et al.* (2010)**RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... .
Free chlorine (1)	*Scheili et al.* (2015)**SCHEILI, A.; RODRIGUEZ, M. J.; SADIQ, R. Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, v. 187, n. 11, p. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-... .
Barium (1)	Gharibi et al. (2012).
Cyanide (1)	Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007..
Ryznar Index (1)	Abtahi et al. (2015).
Colour (1)	Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007..
Salmonella(1)	*Ramesh et al.* (2010)**RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... .
Trihalomethanes (1)	*Scheili et al.* (2015)**SCHEILI, A.; RODRIGUEZ, M. J.; SADIQ, R. Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, v. 187, n. 11, p. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-... .
Haloacetic acid (1)	*Scheili et al.* (2015)**SCHEILI, A.; RODRIGUEZ, M. J.; SADIQ, R. Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, v. 187, n. 11, p. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-... .
Ultraviolet absorption (1)	*Scheili et al.* (2015)**SCHEILI, A.; RODRIGUEZ, M. J.; SADIQ, R. Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, v. 187, n. 11, p. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-... .
Heterotrophic coliforms (1)	*Scheili et al.* (2015)**SCHEILI, A.; RODRIGUEZ, M. J.; SADIQ, R. Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, v. 187, n. 11, p. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-... .

Table 5. Water quality parameter classification (WHO, 2017WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 4th edition, incorporating the 1st addendum (chapters). Geneva, 2017.).

Microbiological	Chemicals	Radioactive	Acceptability	Others
Total coliforms	Fluoride	Lead	pH	Temperature
Escherichia coli	Total hardness		Chloride	Calcium
Fecal coliforms	Nitrate		Sulfate	Magnesium
Fecal enterococci	Aluminum		Chlorine	Phosphate
Salmonella	Potassium		Sodium	Total organic carbon
Heterotrophic coliforms	Chromium		Total dissolved solids	Electric conductivity
	Zinc		Iron	Total alkalinity
	Copper		Manganese	Biochemical oxygen demand
	Nitrite		Turbidity
	Cyanide		Total hardness
	Ammonia		Zinc
	Cadmium		Dissolved oxygen
	Arsenic		Aluminium
	Barium		Ammonia
	Nickel		Colour
	Mercury		Copper
	Chloride
	Manganese
	pH
	Sodium
	Sulfate
	Iron
	Lead
	Bicarbonate
	Total dissolved solids

Table 6. Water quality parameters in Brazil, following the Consolidation Ordinance nº 5/2017 of the Ministry of Health (Brasil, 2017BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria de Consolidação nº 5, de 28 de setembro de 2017. Ministério da Saúde. Consolidação das normas sobre as ações e os serviços de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde. Diário Oficial [da] União: seção 1, Brasília, DF, 03 out. 2017.).

Potability parameter	Maximum value allowed
Free Residual Chlorine	0,2 - 2,0 mg L^-1
pH	6,0 - 9,5
Apparent Color	15 CU
Fluoride	1,5 mg L^-1
Turbidity	5 NTU
Total Coliforms	Absence in 100 mL
Escherichia coli	Absence in 100 mL
Heterotrophic Bacteria	500 UFC mL^-1

Table 7. Classification of results.

Database	Articles
PubMed	Paca et al. (2019); Batabyal and Chakraborty (2015)BATABYAL, A. K.; CHAKRABORTY, S. Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses. Water, v. 87, n. 7, p. 607-617, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X14212658613956 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143015X142126... ; Cooray et al. (2019).
Web of Science	Avvannavar and Shrihari (2008); Jasmin and Mallikarjuna (2014)JASMIN, I.; MALLIKARJUNA, P. Physicochemical quality evaluation of groundwater and development of drinking water quality index for Araniar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, v. 186, n. 2, p. 935-948, 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3425-7 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-34... ; *Scheili et al.* (2015)**SCHEILI, A.; RODRIGUEZ, M. J.; SADIQ, R. Development, application, and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, v. 187, n. 11, p. 1-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4908-... .
Science Direct	Masocha et al. (2019); *Mukate et al.* (2019)MUKATE, S.; WAGH, V.; PANASKAR, D.; JACOBS, J. A.; SAWANT, A. Development of new integrated water quality index (IWQI) model to evaluate the drinking suitability of water. Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 348-354, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.034 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.0... ; Ponsadailakshmi et al. (2018)PONSADAILAKSHMI, S.; GANAPATHY SANKARI, S.; MYTHILI PRASANNA, S.; MADHURAMBAL, G. Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, v. 6, p. 43-49, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2017.10.00... ; Barakat et al. (2018)BARAKAT, A.; MEDDAH, R.; AFDALI, M.; TOUHAMI, F. Physicochemical and microbial assessment of spring water quality for drinking supply in Piedmont of Béni-Mellal Atlas (Morocco). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, v. 104, p. 39-46, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.01.00... ; Mohebbi et al. (2013) MOHEBBI, M. R.; SAEEDI, R.; MONTAZERI, A.; VAGHEFI, K. A.; LABBAFI, S.; OKTAIE, S.; ABTAHI, M.; MOHAGHEGHIAN, A. Assessment of water quality in groundwater resources of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index (DWQI). Ecological Indicators, n. 30, p. 28-34, 2013.; Hurley et al. (2012)*HURLEY, T.; SADIQ, R.; MAZUMDER, A. Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality. Water Research, n. 46, p. 3544-3552, 2012.; Gharibi et al.* (2012); Abtahi et al. (2015); Bordalo and Savva-Bordalo (2007)BORDALO, A. A.; SAVVA-BORDALO, J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Research, n. 41, p. 2978-2986, 2007.; *Ramesh et al.* (2010)**RAMESH, S.; SUKUMARAN, N.; MURUGESAN, A.G.; RAJAN, M. P. An innovative approach of drinking water quality index - a case study from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Ecological Indicators, n. 10, p. 857-868, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.0... .

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[1] ^*Corresponding author: Eduardo Alexis Lobo, e-mail: lobo@unisc.br