Impacts of dam construction on the macroinvertebrate community in the Poxin-Açú, in a tropical region

River regularization plays an important role in socio economic development. However, it also modifies the natural flow system of the river and its biotic and abiotic characteristics, causing significant impacts on rivers. To evaluate the impacts on the macroinvertebrate community caused by dam construction on the Poxim-Açú River, metrics of composition and community structure of the macroinvertebrates were analyzed, as well as ecological and biological traits of the region. Macroinvertebrates were collected at three sites located downstream the dam, before (2013) and after (2015) dam construction. The water quality was classified as “good” to “excellent” according to the biotics indices. The alterations of the flow regime of the river after the dam construction influenced the macroinvertebrate communities, modifying their diversity, equitability, richness, and the number of individuals.

Keywords:
bioindicators; dam impacts; environmental monitoring

Authorship

Anderson Nascimento do Vasco ^**Corresponding author: Anderson Nascimento do Vasco, e-mail: anderson.vasco@ifs.edu.br

Departamento de Agroecologia. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe (IFS), Rodovia BR 101, Km 96, s/n, CEP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil. E-mail: anderson.vasco@ifs.edu.br, vazdesouza.o@gmail.com, geovane_feitosa@hotmail.com, aeoalves@gmail.comInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de SergipeBrazilSão Cristóvão, SE, BrazilDepartamento de Agroecologia. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe (IFS), Rodovia BR 101, Km 96, s/n, CEP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil. E-mail: anderson.vasco@ifs.edu.br, vazdesouza.o@gmail.com, geovane_feitosa@hotmail.com, aeoalves@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7031-3745

Amanda Vaz de Souza Oliveira

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9899-715X

Geovane Alves Feitosa

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6225-9526

Talita Guimarães Araújo-Piovezan

Departamento de Biologia. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe (IFS), Rodovia BR 101, Km 96, s/n, CEP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil. E-mail: talit_a@hotmail.com, josedantas336@gmail.com Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de SergipeBrazilSão Cristóvão, SE, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe (IFS), Rodovia BR 101, Km 96, s/n, CEP: 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil. E-mail: talit_a@hotmail.com, josedantas336@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-9813

Agripino Emanuel Oliveira Alves

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-6074

José Oliveira Dantas

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2023-5531

^*Corresponding author: Anderson Nascimento do Vasco, e-mail: anderson.vasco@ifs.edu.br

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Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (1)
Tables (5)
Formulas (1)

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Figure 1.
Representation of the Poxim-Açu River Basin, showing the location of the data collection downstream from the dam.

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Table 1.
BMWP index scores interpretation according Alba-Tercedor (1996)ALBA-TERCEDOR, J. Macroinvertebrados acuáticos y calidad de las aguas de los ríos. In: SIAGA, 2., 1996, Almeria. Proceedings[...] Madrid: Instituto Tecnologico Geominero de España, 1996. p. 203-213..

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Table 2.
EPT index scores interpretation, according to Gonçalves and Menezes (2013)GONÇALVES, F. B.; MENEZES, M. S. de. Análise comparativa de índices bióticos de avaliação de qualidade de água, utilizando macroinvertebrados, em um rio litorâneo do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. Biota Neotropica, v. 11, n. 4, p. 27-36, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000400002
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-0603201100... .

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Table 3.
Macroinvertebrates were collected at three points of the Poxim-Açú River before (BD) and after (AD) the construction of the Jaime Umbelino de Souza Dam.

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Table 4.
Abiotic parameters before and after the dam construction.

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Table 5.
Shannon-Wiener Diversity (H’), Pielou Equitability (J’), EPT; Total Richness(S), Number of Individuals (n) and Dominance (k) for each Sampling Site before and after Dam Construction.

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(1)

Figure 1. Representation of the Poxim-Açu River Basin, showing the location of the data collection downstream from the dam.

Table 1. BMWP index scores interpretation according Alba-Tercedor (1996)ALBA-TERCEDOR, J. Macroinvertebrados acuáticos y calidad de las aguas de los ríos. In: SIAGA, 2., 1996, Almeria. Proceedings[...] Madrid: Instituto Tecnologico Geominero de España, 1996. p. 203-213..

Class	BMWP	Water quality
1	>150 101-120	Excellent
2	61-100	Good (Acceptable)
3	36-60	Medium (Doubtful)
4	16-35	Bad (Critical)
5	<15	Very Bad (Very Critical)

Table 2. EPT index scores interpretation, according to Gonçalves and Menezes (2013)GONÇALVES, F. B.; MENEZES, M. S. de. Análise comparativa de índices bióticos de avaliação de qualidade de água, utilizando macroinvertebrados, em um rio litorâneo do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. Biota Neotropica, v. 11, n. 4, p. 27-36, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000400002
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-0603201100... .

EPT (%)	Water quality
75% -100%	Very Good
50% - 74%	Good
25% - 49%	Average
0% - 24%	Bad

Table 3. Macroinvertebrates were collected at three points of the Poxim-Açú River before (BD) and after (AD) the construction of the Jaime Umbelino de Souza Dam.

Orders	Families	Score	Before the Dam (BD) (2013)				After the Dam (AD) (2015)
Orders	Families	BMWP*	P1	P2	P3	Total	P1	P2	P3	Total
Hemiptera	Veliidae	3	160	207	556	923	287	155	303	745
	Belostomatidae	3	7	1	3	11	22	20	30	72
	Notonectidae	3	0	1	0	1	5	10	7	22
	Gerridae	3	27	8	35	70	42	24	41	107
	Nepidae	3	0	2	0	2	8	1	5	14
	Naucoridae	3	0	0	0	0	1	1	5	7
	Mesoveliidae	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5
Ephemeroptera	Leptophlebiidae	10	131	198	60	389	417	371	236	1024
	Leptohyphidae	6	654	475	678	1807	150	59	35	244
	Baetidae	4	52	44	57	153	29	20	22	71
	Caenidae	4	0	0	0	0	1	2	4	7
Diptera	Culicidae	2	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3
	Simulidae	2	8	10	7	25	27	22	0	49
	Tipulidae	4	1	1	1	3	4	6	3	13
	Empididae	2	0	6	0	6	0	0	3	3
	Chironomidae	2	224	82	36	342	27	47	29	103
	Ceratopogonidae	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
Trichoptera	Hydropsychidae	5	162	267	44	473	608	481	180	1269
	Polycentropodidae	7	0	0	0	0	54	42	72	168
	Philopotamidae	8	0	0	0	0	402	592	227	1221
	Leptoceridae	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
	Xiphocentronidae	7	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
Megaloptera	Corydalidae	4	0	0	0	0	7	21	7	35
Odonata	Aeshnidae	8	0	0	1	1	14	2	0	16
	Libellulidae	8	86	160	114	360	323	462	311	1096
	Corduliidae	8	0	0	0	0	7	0	7	14
	Calopterigidae	8	43	21	44	108	107	239	215	561
	Dicteriadiadae	8	0	0	0	0	0	16	0	16
	Megapodagrionidae	10	0	0	0	0	2	1	2	5
	Perilestidae	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3
	Coenagrionidae	6	15	8	6	29	83	111	98	292
	Gomphidae	8	2	4	24	30	50	38	51	139
Coleoptera	Gyrinidae	3	0	0	0	0	68	92	75	235
	Dytiscidae	3	1	0	0	1	11	0	1	12
	Crysomelidae	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
	Staphilinidae	3	1	0	0	1	1	0	2	3
	Elmidae	5	4	6	4	14	0	6	2	8
Lepidoptera	Pyralidae	7	3	0	14	17	0	6	1	7
Crustacea	Isopoda	3	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	2
Phylum Annelida	Hirudinea	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1
	Total	-	1581	1501	1684	4766	2758	2855	1983	7596

BMWP- Biological Monitoring Working Party Index, according to Alba-Tercedor (1996)ALBA-TERCEDOR, J. Macroinvertebrados acuáticos y calidad de las aguas de los ríos. In: SIAGA, 2., 1996, Almeria. Proceedings[...] Madrid: Instituto Tecnologico Geominero de España, 1996. p. 203-213.; P=Sampling collection points.

Table 4. Abiotic parameters before and after the dam construction.

Parameters	Sampling Periods
Parameters	Before the dam	After the dam
Maximum Flow Regime (m³s^-1)	6.94	4.71
Average Depth (m)	0.34	0.28
pH	7.10	7.70
Turbidity (NTU)	43.10	7.68
Nitrate (mg L^-1)	3.02	0.86
Total Phosphorus (mg L^-1)	0.40	0.07
Chlorophyll (μg L^-1)	21.10	3.09
OD (mg L^-1)	7.40	7.47

Table 5. Shannon-Wiener Diversity (H’), Pielou Equitability (J’), EPT; Total Richness(S), Number of Individuals (n) and Dominance (k) for each Sampling Site before and after Dam Construction.

Estimators	Periods of Data Collection
	Before the Dam (2013)				After the Dam (2015)
	Point 1	Point 2	Point 3	Mean	Point 1	Point 2	Point 3	Mean
H'	1.90	1.95	1.68	1.84	2.39	2.37	2.53	2.43
J'	0.66	0.67	0.59	0.64	0.72	0.68	0.74	0.71
S	18.00	18.00	17.00	17.66	28.00	32.00	31.00	30.33
N	1581.00	1501.00	1684.00	1588.66	2758.00	2855.00	1983.00	2.532.00
K (%)	0.22	0.18	0.28	0.22	0.12	0.13	0.10	0.11
EPT (%)	63.18	65.55	49.82	59.51	60.22	54.92	39.18	51.44
BMWP	93.00	93.00	102.00	96.00	147.00	155.00	164.00	155.33

(1)

E P T % = \frac{n º I n d i v í d u o s (E p h e m e r o p t e r a + P l e c o p t e r a + T r i c h o p t e r a)}{n º t o t a l d e i n d i v í d u o s} x 100

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Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais em Bacias Hidrográficas (IPABHi), Estrada Mun. Dr. José Luis Cembranelli, 5000, Taubaté, SP, Brasil, CEP 12081-010 - Taubaté - SP - Brazil
E-mail: ambi.agua@gmail.com

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Impacts of dam construction on the macroinvertebrate community in the Poxin-Açú, in a tropical region

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[1] ^*Corresponding author: Anderson Nascimento do Vasco, e-mail: anderson.vasco@ifs.edu.br