Figure 1
Hercule Florence. Title sheet and summary of the manuscript L'Ami des arts..., 1837-1859. Iron gall ink on paper, 30.6 x 21.0 cm. Instituto Hercule Florence Collection (São Paulo). Photo: Heitor Florence
Figure 2
Hercule Florence. [Pharmacy labels, front and back], [1833-1839]. Photographic copy of pharmacy labels, obtained on photosensitive paper by contact under sunlight, 21.0 x 29.4 cm (irregular). Instituto Hercule Florence Collection (São Paulo). Photos: © Studio 17 - Patricia Filippi and Millard Schisler
Figure 3
Hercule Florence. [Masonic diploma, front and back], [1833-1839]. Photographic copy on photosensitive paper, obtained by contact under sunlight, 20.2 x 29.1 cm (irregular). Instituto Hercule Florence Collection (São Paulo). Photos: © Studio 17 - Patricia Filippi and Millard Schisler
Figure 4
Hercule Florence. [Inimitable paper] after 1838. Polygraphic ink on paper, 13.7 x 21.8 cm. Instituto Hercule Florence Collection (São Paulo). Photo: © Heitor Florence
Figure 5
Images of measurements being made with portable XRF systems used in the analyses at USP - IFUSP Institute of Physics (left, Ag tube) and the IPEN Energy and Nuclear Research Institute (right, Au tube). Item Pharmacy Labels, IHF Collection. Photo: the authors.
Figure 6
Map of the distribution of the points examined in the item “Pharmacy Labels” of the IHF Collection, front and back. Points 1 to 4 analyzed with IFUSP's portable XRF system (Ag tube); points ac to am analyzed with IPEN's portable XRF system (Au tube).
Figure 7
ED-XRF spectra from item Pharmacy labels. Top: Measurements of point P1, located in a clear area of paper, with no image. Bottom: Comparison of measurements in the light area of the paper, without image (the same P1, with spectrum in black), and in the dark violet spot located in the central area of the support (P3, with spectrum in red) (Ag tube - IFUSP).
Figure 8
ED-XRF spectrum of item Pharmacy labels for point ah (label in the upper left corner of the paper, area with violet spot). The area highlighted with a circle shows that there is no silver peak (Ag) (Au tube - IPEN).
Figure 9
Bar charts of areas calculated for the chemical element peaks identified in the XRF spectra for the different points of the item Pharmacy labels: sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb) and gold (Au). Note that the charts are in different scales for better visualization (gold tube - IPEN).
Figure 10
Map of the distribution of points examined in item Masonic diploma (front and back) with the portable ED-XRF systems from IFUSP (Ag silver tube) and IPEN (Au gold tube).
Figure 11
ED-XRF Spectrum of item Masonic diploma for point bb (light spot located in the lower right) (Ag tube).
Figure 12
Two XRF spectra comparing measurements in clear, non-image areas of items Pharmacy labels (point 1, spectrum in black) and Masonic diploma (point bb/P2, in red) obtained with the portable Ag tube system (IFUSP).
Figure 13
Bar chart for the elements potassium (K), calcium (Ca), arsenic (As) and iron (Fe) obtained from the peak areas of the ED-XRF spectra of item Masonic diploma, measured at the various points with Ag tube. Note that the charts have different scales for better viewing.
Figure 14
Distribution map of points CA to CG, measured on item Inimitable paper of the IHF Collection, analyzed with IFUSP's ED-XRF portable system (Ag tube).
Figure 15
ED-XRF spectra of item Inimitable paper for the green (upper), yellow (central) and pink (lower) pigmentation areas (IFUSP, Ag tube).
Figure. 16
Bar charts for each element obtained with the ED-XRF results for item Inimitable paper measured at the various points (IFUSP, Ag tube).
Figure 17
Image resulting from the analysis of item Pharmacy labels obtained with a Leica M205 A stereomicroscope (detail of area with photo printed image). Hercule Florence. [Pharmacy labels], [1833-1839]. Photographic copy of pharmacy labels, obtained on photosensitive paper by contact under sunlight, 21.0 x 29.4 cm (irregular). Instituto Hercule Florence Collection (São Paulo). Photo: © Studio 17 - Patricia de Filippi and Millard Schisler
Figure 18
Stereomicroscopy of Masonic diploma. On the left, transmittance illumination shows a dark point; On the right, the light source reflected on the same area causes the particle to appear yellowish. Hercule Florence. [Masonic diploma, front and back], [1833-1839]. Photographic copy on photosensitive paper, obtained by contact under sunlight, 20.2 x 29.1 cm (irregular). Instituto Hercule Florence Collection (São Paulo). Photos: © Studio 17 - Patricia Filippi and Millard Schisler
Figure 19
Hercule Florence. Photographie, undated. Iron gall ink on paper, 20.6 x 19.1 cm (irregular). Originally inserted on page 56 of the manuscript L'Ami des Arts... Instituto Hercule Florence Collection (São Paulo). Photo: © Studio 17 - Patricia de Filippi and Millard Schisler
Figure 20
Hercule Florence. [Masonic diploma], [1833-1839]. India ink and graphite on paper, 19.2 x 30.2 cm (irregular). Instituto Hercule Florence Collection (São Paulo). Photo: © Studio 17 - Patricia de Filippi and Millard Schisler