Segmental areas of denervation in post-polio syndrome

Desnervação segmentar na síndrome pós-pólio

A one-year-old male disclosed motor developmental delay, appendicular hypotonia, hyporeflexia, and weakness in the left lower limb. He started walking only at three years old. After this time, his symptoms were stable. At 31 years old, the patient started slight asymmetric and slowly progressive paraparesis and myalgia. He was referred with a suspicion of spinal muscular atrophy. Electromyography disclosed bilateral chronic lumbosacral denervation and mild acute denervation involving the right lower limb. Neuroimaging studies (brain and spinal MRI) and genetic testing (MLPA test for quantification of SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers and hereditary neuropathy, non-5q, and other motor neuron disease panels) were normal. Muscle MRI disclosed asymmetric neurogenic muscle "islands" alternating areas with and without fatty replacement (Figure 1),¹ suggestive of Post-Poliomyelitis Syndrome (PPS).²,³ Muscle MRI is useful to distinguish PPS from other motor neuron diseases.¹–³

Figure 1
Muscle MRI studies. Axial (A-E) and coronal (H) T1-weighted MRI shows asymmetric amyotrophy and marked fatty replacement involving bilateral vastus lateralis, right vastus intermedius, left biceps femoris, right vastus medialis, left tibialis anterior, and bilateral heads of gastrocnemius. Axial (F,G) and coronal (I,J) STIR MRI shows hyperintensity involving right vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the patient and his family for contributing to this study.

References

• ¹
  Astrea G, Morrow JM, Manzur A, et al. Muscle "islands": An MRI signature distinguishing neurogenic from myopathic causes of early onset distal weakness. Neuromuscul Disord 2022;32(02): 142-149. Doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.11.003
  » https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2021.11.003
• ²
  Kriss A, Jenkins T. Muscle MRI in motor neuron diseases: a systematic review. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2022; 23(3-4):161-175. Doi: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1936062
  » https://doi.org/10.1080/21678421.2021.1936062
• ³
  Sakamoto M, Watanabe H, Kubosawa H, Ishii T. Unusual MRI Findings in a Polio Survivor. Case Rep Orthop 2016;2016:3179 621. Doi: 10.1155/2016/3179621
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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  22 Mar 2024
• Date of issue
  2024

History

• Received
  15 Oct 2023
• Reviewed
  01 Dec 2023
• Accepted
  03 Dec 2023