French school and World War First: neurological consequences of a
					frightening time

Some aspects of a dark period in the history of the modern neurology, that of the World War I (WWI), are here remembered, mainly by the neurological French School participation . Some personalities and their works related to the WWI are presented such as Joseph Babinski, Jules Froment, Clovis Vincent, Jules Joseph Dejerine, Augusta Déjérine-Klumpke, Jules Tinel, Pierre Marie, Achille Alexandre Souques, Charles Foix, and Georges Guillain.

neurology; World War I; hysteria; camptocormie; peripheral neuropathy

Authorship

Marleide da Mota Gomes

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Programa de Epilepsia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Programa de Epilepsia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.

Correspondence
: Marleide da Mota Gomes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Programa de Epilepsia; Av. Venceslau Braz, 95; 22290-140 Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil; E-mail: mmotagomes@acd.ufrj.br

Conflict of interest: There is no conflict of interest to declare.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (4)

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Figure 1
The book Pithiatism-hysteria and nervous disorders of reflex quality in war neurology by Babinski and Froment²2 Babinski JFF, Froment J. Hystérie-pithiatisme et troubles nerveux d’ordre réflexe en neurologie de guerre. 2ème éd. Paris: Masson; 1918.. In this book, several signs differentiate weakness due to structural lesions of the central nervous system from weakness caused by hysteria, besides phenomena entitled physiopathic. This last one was not considered neither hysteria nor any other psychopathic state that can produce it, but it would be a disorder of the nervous system which could not be detected by the methods at the time.

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Figure 2
The book Nerves wounds… caused by war wounds by Tinel with a preface by Déjérine (four parts – general survey, upper limb, lower limb, conclusions – and 26 chapters), richly illustrated and published in 1916. Here presented an English version, 1918⁶6 Tinel J. Nerve wounds: symptomatology of peripheral nerve lesions caused by war wounds. New York: William Wood; 1917..

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Figure 3
Camptocormie before and after faradaic treatment by Souques in the paper Traitement de la camptocormie par l’électrothérapie persuasive ⁹9 Rosanoff-Saloff. Considérations générales sur la camptocormie. Nouv Iconographie Salpétrière. 1916-1917;28:28-33..

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Figure 4
The book Neurological war work ¹⁰10 Souques A, Mégevand J, Naiditch, Rathaus. Traitement de la camptocormie par l’électrothérapie persuasive. Nouv Iconographie Salpétrière. 1916-1917;28:420-37. by Guillain and Barré with a preface by Pierre Marie and six chapters (Nervous semiology, Wounds of the Brain, Wounds of the Spinal Cord, Concussion Without External Wounds Resulting from the Explosion of Shells, Pathology of the Cranial and Spinal Nerves, Varia). Included (right side) a 1916 publication regarding the Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome.

Figure 1 The book Pithiatism-hysteria and nervous disorders of reflex quality in war neurology by Babinski and Froment²2 Babinski JFF, Froment J. Hystérie-pithiatisme et troubles nerveux d’ordre réflexe en neurologie de guerre. 2ème éd. Paris: Masson; 1918.. In this book, several signs differentiate weakness due to structural lesions of the central nervous system from weakness caused by hysteria, besides phenomena entitled physiopathic. This last one was not considered neither hysteria nor any other psychopathic state that can produce it, but it would be a disorder of the nervous system which could not be detected by the methods at the time.

Figure 2 The book Nerves wounds… caused by war wounds by Tinel with a preface by Déjérine (four parts – general survey, upper limb, lower limb, conclusions – and 26 chapters), richly illustrated and published in 1916. Here presented an English version, 1918⁶6 Tinel J. Nerve wounds: symptomatology of peripheral nerve lesions caused by war wounds. New York: William Wood; 1917..

Figure 3 Camptocormie before and after faradaic treatment by Souques in the paper Traitement de la camptocormie par l’électrothérapie persuasive ⁹9 Rosanoff-Saloff. Considérations générales sur la camptocormie. Nouv Iconographie Salpétrière. 1916-1917;28:28-33..

Figure 4 The book Neurological war work ¹⁰10 Souques A, Mégevand J, Naiditch, Rathaus. Traitement de la camptocormie par l’électrothérapie persuasive. Nouv Iconographie Salpétrière. 1916-1917;28:420-37. by Guillain and Barré with a preface by Pierre Marie and six chapters (Nervous semiology, Wounds of the Brain, Wounds of the Spinal Cord, Concussion Without External Wounds Resulting from the Explosion of Shells, Pathology of the Cranial and Spinal Nerves, Varia). Included (right side) a 1916 publication regarding the Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome.

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French school and World War First: neurological consequences of a frightening time

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[1] Correspondence
: Marleide da Mota Gomes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Programa de Epilepsia; Av. Venceslau Braz, 95; 22290-140 Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil; E-mail: mmotagomes@acd.ufrj.br