The mycosis of the hentral nervous system have not yet been carefully studied. The involvement of the neuraxis is related to various species: cryptococcal granulomatosis (torulosis) is the most frequent and is followed by actinomycosis; the neurologic lesion of paracoccidoidal granulamatosis is exceptional. Clinically, the authors distinguish two groups of neuromycosis: a, prevailing meningeal form and a tumoral cerebrospinal form, in which the brain is frequently the site of lesion. But the mixed, meningo-cerebrospinal types, are not rare. The tumoral cerebrospinal forms assume the pathological features of abscesses and granulomata, and seldom of nodules and cysts; they all lead to intracranial hypertension. The meningospinal forms are generally secondary to vertebral lesions; therefore, the highly osteophilous actinomycosis is the disease which mostly involves the spinal cord and usually the clinical feature is one of compression. The meningeal signs varies from mild meningism to purulent meningitis and severe meningoencephalitis; in such cases, cystic arachnoiditis, ependymitis and ventricular and spinal block are apt to occur. Usually, the diagnosis of mycosis of the central nervous system is a "finding of necropsy". Only the presence of the fungus in the cerebrospinal fluid and its, isolation allow an accurate diagnosis. Other elements of the espinal fluid, when correctly aided by cliniconeurological data, help the research of the fungus. The histopathological features are not typical; the only diagnostic evidence is the presence of the parasite. The authores report 25 cases of paracoccidioidal granulomatosis which have been studied form neurological, serological and spinal fluid standpoints. The authors tried to settle the complement-fixation tests with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis filtrate; the methods and results are reported. In 24 cases, the mycosis was cutaneous and visceral and there was no neurological sign which could be ascribed to the fungous disease; the slight changes found in the cerebrospinal fluid were explained by rupture of the blood-spinal fluid barrier, allowing permeation of blood reagines. In the last case, the mycosis had pharyngo-laryngo-pulmonary site, whit probable secondary spinal involvent responsible for a meningo-radiculo-spinal syndrome which has almost completely disappeared with sulfanilamide treatment
