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Article • Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 76 (10) • Oct 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20180101 copy

Factors associated with cognitive performance in elderly caregivers

Principais fatores associados aos domínios cognitivos em cuidadores idosos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

To explore the socioeconomic, demographic and psychosocial factors associated with cognitive performance in elderly caregivers from Brazil.

Methods:

We evaluated 351 Brazilian elderly caregivers attending primary healthcare services regarding sociodemographic and care variables. Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) domains of orientation/attention, memory, verbal fluency, language and visuospatial were used as dependent variables in the Tobit model.

Results:

Literacy and family income were positively associated with all ACE-R domains. Age, gender, time of care (days/week) were negatively associated with some cognitive domains. Moreover, receiving emotional help and the level of hope were positively associated with specific domains.

Discussion:

The results may be useful for planning interventions aimed at elderly caregivers in order to prevent deficits in the different cognitive domains.

Keywords:
Caregivers; cognition; health risk behaviors; primary health care

Variable	Orientation/Attention	Memory	Verbal fluency	Language	Visuo-spatial
Gender (Male)	-1.148^* * p < 0.05.	-0.200	-0.386	-0.495	-0.627
Age	-0.018	-0.203^* * p < 0.05.	-0.042	-0.173^* * p < 0.05.	-0.07^* * p < 0.05.
Literacy	0.895^* * p < 0.05.	1.882^* * p < 0.05.	0.876^* * p < 0.05.	1.98^* * p < 0.05.	1.448^* * p < 0.05.
Family Income	0.001^* * p < 0.05.	0.0005^* * p < 0.05.	0.0003^* * p < 0.05.	0.0007^* * p < 0.05.	0.0003^* * p < 0.05.
Residing with children (yes)	-0.278	0.297	-0.266	-0.810	-0.149
Time of care (months)	-0.001	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.001
Time of care (hours/day)	0.047	0.069	0.048	0.040	-0.019
Time of care (days/week)	-0.094	-0.624^* * p < 0.05.	-0.323^* * p < 0.05.	-0.247	-0.213
Money spent on care activities (R$)	0.000	-0.001	0.000	-0.001	0.001
Caregiving training course (yes)	1.054	1.191	-0.003	1.796	-0.565
Receives material assistance (yes)	0.455	1.043	0.335	0.243	0.205
Receives emotional help (yes)	0.446	1.293^* * p < 0.05.	0.356	1.59^* * p < 0.05.	0.646
Receives help from religious group (yes)	-0.460	0.795	0.667	-0.803	-0.025
Perceived Stress	-0.001	-0.056	-0.003	-0.040	0.006
Family functionality	-0.001	-0.072	0.013	-0.090	-0.017
Hope	0.101^* * p < 0.05.	0.199^* * p < 0.05.	0.048	-0.034	0.052
Spirituality	-0.111	-0.188	-0.030	0.231	-0.009
_cons	11.622^* * p < 0.05.	23.345^* * p < 0.05.	6.554^* * p < 0.05.	25.119^* * p < 0.05.	10.979^* * p < 0.05.
Upper limit	18	26	14	26	26
Lower limit	0	0	0	0	0

Explanatory Variable	n (%)	Mean	SD
Gender (female)	267 (76.1)
Age (years)		69.56	7.06
Literacy (years)		2.85	1.25
Family Income (R$)		2314.02	1575.13
Residing with children (yes)	50 (14.2)
Time of care (months)		119.73	155.74
Time of care (hours/day)		6.14	4.84
Time of care (days/week)		6.93	0.56
Money spent on care activities (R$)		188.59	431.72
Caregiving training course (yes)	10 (2.8)
Receives material assistance (yes)	55 (15.7)
Receives emotional help (yes)	162 (46.2)
Receives help from religious group (yes)	18 (5.1)
Perceived stress		18.60	9.99
Familial functionality		17.09	4.59
Hope		41.21	5.36
Spirituality		18.02	2.42

Dependent variable	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Possible range
Orientation/Attention	13.69	2.91	3	18	0–18
Memory	14.83	6.26	0	26	0–26
Verbal fluency	5.88	2.93	0	14	0–14
Language	18.43	5.67	3	26	0–26
Visuo-spatial	10.34	3.70	0	16	0–16

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