Watson A et al.1515. Watson A, Pribadi M, Chowdari K, Clifton S, Joel Wood, Miller BL, et al. C9orf72 repeat expansions that cause frontotemporal dementia are detectable among patients with psychosis. Psychiatry Res. 2016 Jan;235:200-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.007
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015....
, 2016 |
739 |
697 with psychosis; 42 base controls |
Cohort |
To identify C9orf72 expansion |
Two pairs of related individuals had C9orf72 expansions. |
Xu et al.1616. Xu X, Xie S, Shi X, Lv J, Tang X, Wang X, et al. Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion in C9ORF72 Is Not Detected in the Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia Patients of Chinese Han. PLoS One. 2015 Dec;10(12):e0145347. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145347
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.014...
, 2015 |
386 |
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia |
Cohort |
To identify C9orf72 expansion |
No abnormal hexanucleotide expansion was found. |
Boutoleau-Bretonnière et al.1717. Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Evrard C, Hardouin JB, Rocher L, Charriau T, Etcharry-Bouyx F, et al. DAPHNE: A New Tool for the Assessment of the Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra. 2015 Dec;5(3):503-16. https://doi.org/10.1159/000440859
https://doi.org/10.1159/000440859...
, 2015 |
89 |
36 bvFTD; 22 Alzheimer's disease; 15 progressive supranuclear palsy; 16 bipolar disorder |
Cohort |
To produce a behavioral inventory named DAPHNE. The aim was (1) to assess the validity and reliability of DAPHNE and (2) to evaluate its contribution to differentiating patients. |
DAPHNE-6 allowed bvFTD diagnosis (score 4) with a sensitivity of 92%, while DAPHNE-40 (score 15) had a specificity of 92%. |
Yoshino et al.1818. Yoshino Y, Mori Y, Ochi S, Numata S, Ishimaru T, Yamazaki K, et al. No abnormal hexanucleotide repeat expansion of C9ORF72 in Japanese schizophrenia patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2015 May;122(5):731-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-014-1295-y
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-014-1295-...
, 2015 |
466 |
Schizophrenia |
Cohort |
To identify C9orf72 expansion |
No abnormal hexanucleotide expansion was found. |
Floris et al.1919. Floris G, Di Stefano F, Pisanu C, Chillotti C, Murru MR, Congiu D, et al. C9ORF72 repeat expansion and bipolar disorder - is there a link? No mutation detected in a Sardinian cohort of patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2014 Sep;16(6):667-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12210
https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12210...
, 2014 |
206 |
Bipolar disorder |
Cohort |
To identify C9orf72 expansion |
No abnormal hexanucleotide repeat expansion was found. |
Galimberti et al.2020. Galimberti D, Reif A, Dell'osso B, Kittel-Schneider S, Leonhard C, Herr A, et al. C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion is a rare cause of schizophrenia. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35(5):1214 e7-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.004
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging...
, 2014 |
298 |
Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder |
Cohort |
To identify C9orf72 expansion |
The C9orf72 expansion was detected in 2 patients (0.67%). |
Nicolas et al.2121. Nicolas G, Beherec L, Hannequin D, Opolczynski G, Rothärmel M, Wallon D, et al. Dementia in middle-aged patients with schizophrenia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;39(4):809-22. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-131688
https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-131688...
, 2014 |
96 |
Schizophrenia |
Cohort |
To accurately diagnose dementia and its type in a cohort of middle-aged patients with SCZ |
Fourteen patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria for dementia. Four of them were diagnosed with possible or probable bvFTD. |
Huey et al.2222. Huey ED, Nagy PL, Rodriguez-Murillo L, Manoochehri M, Goldman J, Lieberman J, et al. C9ORF72 repeat expansions not detected in a group of patients with schizophrenia. Neurobiol Aging. 2013;34(4):1309 e9-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.08.011
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging...
, 2013 |
192 |
Schizophrenia |
Cohort |
To identify C9orf72 expansion |
No abnormal hexanucleotide repeat expansion was found. |
Meisler et al.2323. Meisler MH, Grant AE, Jones JM, Lenk GM, He F, Todd PK, et al. C9ORF72 expansion in a family with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2013 May;15(3):326-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12063
https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12063...
, 2013 |
89 |
Bipolar disorder |
Cohort |
To identify C9orf72 expansion |
The expansion frequency in this BD cohort was 1%. |
de Vries et al.2424. de Vries PJ, Honer WG, Kemp PM, McKenna PJ. Dementia as a complication of schizophrenia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 May;70(5):588-96. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.70.5.588
https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.70.5.588...
, 2001 |
8 |
Schizophrenia patients with disorientation |
Cohort |
To describe the identification of dementia following SCZ, not better attributed to the psychiatric disorder itself. |
Objective evidence of dementia was found in all patients, with a neuropsychological signature and SPECT findings similar to bvFTD. |
Fahey et al.2525. Fahey C, Byrne S, McLaughlin R, Kenna K, Shatunov A, Donohoe G, et al. Analysis of the hexanucleotide repeat expansion and founder haplotype at C9ORF72 in an Irish psychosis case-control sample. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35(6):1510 e1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging...
, 2014 |
2477 controls: 1234; cases: 1243) |
Psychosis |
Case-control |
To compare the prevalence of C9orf72 expansion between psychosis patients and controls |
No expansion > 30 repeats was found. Expansions > 22 repeats were similarly prevalent among patients and controls. |
Bosia et al.2626. Bosia M, Buonocore M, Guglielmino C, Pirovano A, Lorenzi C, Marcone A, et al. Saitohin polymorphism and executive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Neurol Sci. 2012;33(5):1051-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-011-0893-9
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-011-0893-...
, 2012 |
315 |
220 schizophrenia; 48 bvFTD; 47 controls |
Case-control |
To evaluate the possible role of the Saitohin (Tau gene) polymorphism as a concurring factor of cognitive decline in SCZ |
No significant difference in allelic distribution between the healthy controls and all other groups. Saitohin polymorphism predicted executive test performance in both patient groups. |
Evin et al.2727. Evin G, Smith MJ, Tziotis A, McLean C, Canterford L, Sharples RA, et al. Alternative transcripts of presenilin-1 associated with frontotemporal dementia. Neuroreport. 2002 May;13(6):917-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200205070-00036
https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-2002050...
, 2002 |
46 |
Various neurodegenerative disorders |
Case-control |
To analyze the expression of AD-associated presenilin 1 (PS1) in various neurodegenerative disorders |
Identified PS1 N- and C-terminal fragments similarly in the cortex of controls, Parkinson's, Huntington's and SCZ individuals. |
Rubino et al.2828. Rubino E, Vacca A, Gallone S, Govone F, Zucca M, Gai A, et al. Late onset bipolar disorder and frontotemporal dementia with mutation in progranulin gene: a case report. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2017 Nov;18(7-8):624-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/21678421.2017.1339716
https://doi.org/10.1080/21678421.2017.13...
, 2017 |
1 |
An Italian male presenting with late-onset bipolar disorder |
Case report |
To report a case suggesting a possible link between BD, FTD and GRN mutations |
In addition to FTD, progranulin may be involved in the neurobiology of BD type 1. Suggestion to screen patients with late-onset BD for GRN mutations. |
Watanabe et al.2929. Watanabe R, Kawakami I, Onaya M, Higashi S, Arai N, Akiyama H, et al. Frontotemporal dementia with trans-activation response DNA-binding protein 43 presenting with catatonic syndrome. Neuropathology. 2018 Jun;38(3):281-287. https://doi.org/10.1111/neup.12442
https://doi.org/10.1111/neup.12442...
, 2017 |
1 |
A 58-year-old patient who had a sudden onset of disorganized behavior and meaningless speech. Psychotropic drugs were effective for catatonic symptoms |
Case report |
To report on a FTD patient who showed catatonia after the first episode of brief psychotic disorder |
FTD with trans-activation response DNA-binding protein 43 presenting with a catatonic syndrome. |
Gramaglia et al.3030. Gramaglia C, Cantello R, Terazzi E, Carecchio M, D'Alfonso S, Chieppa N, et al. Early onset frontotemporal dementia with psychiatric presentation due to the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion: a case report. BMC Neurol. 2014 Nov;14(1):228. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-014-0228-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-014-0228-...
, 2014 |
1 |
A 57-year-old Caucasian woman with a recent onset of bizarre behavior and mystic delusions |
Case report |
To describe a patient with bvFTD with a primary psychiatric presentation and a normal neurological examination |
The C9orf72 expansion was detected. |
Holm3131. Holm AC. Neurodegenerative and psychiatric overlap in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a case of familial frontotemporal dementia presenting with catatonia. Int Psychogeriatr. 2014 Feb;26(2):345-7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610213001403
https://doi.org/10.1017/S104161021300140...
, 2014 |
1 |
A patient with traumatic brain injury with subsequent depression and catatonia |
Case report |
To describe a patient with familial FTD with a primary psychiatric presentation, and typical response to standard treatment (lorazepam + electroconvulsive therapy) at the beginning |
The C9orf72 expansion was detected. |
Floris et al.3232. Floris G, Borghero G, Cannas A, Stefano FD, Murru MR, Corongiu D, et al. Bipolar affective disorder preceding frontotemporal dementia in a patient with C9ORF72 mutation: is there a genetic link between these two disorders? J Neurol. 2013 Apr;260(4):1155-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-013-6833-2
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-013-6833-...
, 2013 |
1 |
A man who, from the age of 42 years, developed an affective disorder characterized by repeated manic and hypomanic episodes |
Case report |
To report on a patient suggesting a possible link between BD and FTLD |
The C9orf72 expansion was detected. |
Gourzis et al.3333. Gourzis P, Skokou M, Polychronopoulos P, Soubasi E, Triantaphyllidou IE, Aravidis C, et al. Frontotemporal dementia, manifested as schizophrenia, with decreased heterochromatin on chromosome 1. Case Rep Psychiatry. 2012;2012:937518. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/937518
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/937518...
, 2012 |
1 |
A 29-year-old female patient previously diagnosed as having schizophrenia |
Case report |
To describe a young patient suffering from FTD, misdiagnosed as SCZ, suggesting the association between this clinical phenotype with a genetic defect on chromosome 1 |
The diagnosis of FTD was made clinically. Chromosomal analysis was conducted and revealed decrease in length of heterochromatin on the long arm of chromosome 1 (46, XX, 1qh-). |
Khan et al.3434. Khan BK, Woolley JD, Chao S, See T, Karydas AM, Miller BL, et al. Schizophrenia or neurodegenerative disease prodrome? Outcome of a first psychotic episode in a 35-year-old woman. Psychosomatics. 2012 May-Jun;53(3):280-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2011.04.005
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2011.04.0...
, 2012 |
1 |
A 35-year old woman who presented with new-onset of bizarre behavior and delusions |
Case report |
To make physicians aware of the potential overlapping symptoms and age at onset between some forms of bvFTD and SCZ |
The patient was found to have a MAPT tau S356T mutation and a focal pattern of brain atrophy consistent with FTD. |
Cerami et al.3535. Cerami C, Marcone A, Galimberti D, Villa C, Scarpini E, Cappa SF. From genotype to phenotype: two cases of genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration with premorbid bipolar disorder. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;27(4):791-7. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2011-110788
https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2011-110788...
, 2011 |
2 |
Two apparently-sporadic FTLD patients, with a premorbid bipolar disorder |
Case report |
To report two patients of definite FTLD with premorbid psychiatric symptoms |
Medical history and genetic investigation revealed the presence of bipolar spectrum disorders and mutations in the GRN gene. |
Momeni et al.3636. Momeni P, DeTucci K, Straub RE, Weinberger DR, Davies P, Grafman J, et al. Progranulin (GRN) in two siblings of a Latino family and in other patients with schizophrenia. Neurocase. 2010 Jun;16(3):273-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13554790903456209
https://doi.org/10.1080/1355479090345620...
, 2010 |
2 |
A Latino family in which two siblings were diagnosed as having either schizophrenia or frontotemporal dementia |
Case report |
To characterize GRN mutations in the affected individuals |
The siblings both have loss-of-function GRN mutations. |
Momeni et al.3737. Momeni P, Wickremaratchi MM, Bell J, Arnold R, Beer R, Hardy J, et al. Familial early onset frontotemporal dementia caused by a novel S356T MAPT mutation, initially diagnosed as schizophrenia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2010 Dec;112(10):917-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.07.015
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2010....
, 2010 |
2 |
Familial FTD with an exceptionally early age at onset. Both the proband and the proband's father were initially diagnosed as having schizophrenia |
Case report |
To report a novel exon 12 mutation in MAPT (S356T) causing familial bvFTD |
Pathological examination showed FTLD with extensive neuronal and glial tau deposition. |
Stone et al.3838. Stone J, Griffiths TD, Rastogi S, Perry RH, Cleland PG. Non-Picks frontotemporal dementia imitating schizophrenia in a 22-year-old man. J Neurol. 2003 Mar;250(3):369-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-003-0989-0
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-003-0989-...
, 2003 |
1 |
A 22-year-old man who had presented six years previously with symptoms that were initially attributed to schizophrenia |
Case report |
To report on a patient and to raise awareness that FTD should be considered in patients in their early 20s with SCZ and negative symptoms, who display frontotemporal dysfunction and have a relentlessly progressive course |
Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropathology obtained at brain biopsy suggest a diagnosis of non-Pick's FTD. |
Waddington et al.3939. Waddington JL, Youssef HA, Farrell MA, Toland J. Initial ‘schizophrenia-like’ psychosis in Pick's disease: case study with neuroimaging and neuropathology, and implications for frontotemporal dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1995 Dec;18(1):79-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(95)00064-X
https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(95)000...
, 1995 |
1 |
A woman with a consistent clinical diagnosis of typical schizophrenia |
Case report |
To report on a patient and to report ‘schizophrenia-like’ psychosis as a prodrome of Pick's disease |
The neuropathological hallmarks of Pick's disease were present. |
Baez et al.4040. man. J Neurol. 2003 Mar;250(3):369-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-003-0989-0
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-003-0989-...
, 2019 |
51 |
16 bvFTD/ 13 Bipolar disorder/ 22 controls |
Cross sectional |
The compare the executive functions (EF) and social cognition profiles as well as the structural neuroimaging of bvFTD and elderly patients with BD. |
bvFTD patients showed deficits in working memory, abstraction capacity, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency and theory of mind (ToM). Patients with BD showed lower performance than controls in terms of abstraction capacity and verbal inhibitory control. In bvFTD patients, atrophy of frontal, temporal and insular cortices was related to EF deficits. Atrophy of the amygdala, the hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the putamen, the insula, the precuneus, the right temporo-parietal junction and superior temporal pole was associated to ToM impairments. No significant associations between atrophy and EF performance were observed in BD patients. BvFTD patients showed greater EF and ToM deficits than BD patients. Moreover, compared to BD, bvFTD patients exhibited a significant decrease in GM volume in frontal, temporal and parietal regions |
Metin et al.4141. Baez S, Pinasco C, Roca M, Ferrari J, Couto B, Garcia-Cordero I, et al. Brain structural correlates of executive and social cognition profiles in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and elderly bipolar disorder. Neuropsychologia. 2019 Mar;126:159-69., 2018 |
38 |
18 bvFTD/ 20 late-life Bipolar disorder |
Cross sectional |
To compare differential diagnosis ability of electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings in BD and bvFTD, aimed to show their classification power using an artificial neural network and genetic algorithm based approach |
The artificial neural network method classified BD from bvFTD with 76% overall accuracy only by using on EEG power values. The radiological diagnosis classified BD from bvFTD with 79% overall accuracy. The radiological diagnosis added to the EEG analysis, classifiied with 87% overall accuracy. |
Vijverberg et al.4242. Metin SZ, Erguzel TT, Ertan G, Salcini C, Kocarslan B, Cebi M, et al. The use of quantitative EEG for differentiating frontotemporal dementia from late-onset bipolar disorder. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2018 May;49(3):171-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550059417750914
https://doi.org/10.1177/1550059417750914...
, 2017 |
381 |
42 major depression/ 41 Bipolar disorder/ 47 schizophrenia/ 173 bvFTD/ 78 controls |
Cross sectional |
To compare neuropsychological profiles in bvFTD with its most common primarypsychiatric differential diagnoses. |
Cognitive deficits in bvFTD are less severe than in primary psychiatric disorders with active symptoms. |
Devenney et al.4343. Vijverberg EG, Schouws S, Meesters PD, Verwijk E, Comijs H, Koene T, et al. Cognitive Deficits in Patients With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: A Comparative Study Between Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Primary Psychiatric Disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017 Sep/Oct;78(8):e940-6. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.16m11019
https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.16m11019...
, 2016 |
79 |
56 bvFTD/ 23 healthy controls |
Cross sectional |
To address the gap in the literature regarding the severity and underlying neural correlates of psychotic symptoms in frontotemporal dementia with and without the C9orf72 gene expansion |
34% of bvFTD showed psychotic features. C9orf72 expansion cases were more likely to exhibit psychotic symptoms than non-carriers (64% vs. 26%; p = 0.006). Increased psychotic symptoms in C9orf72 expansion carriers correlated with atrophy in a distributed cortical and subcortical network that included discrete regions of the frontal, temporal and occipital cortices, as well as the thalamus, striatum and cerebellum. |
Chan et al.4444. Devenney EM, Landin-Romero R, Irish M, Hornberger M, Mioshi E, Halliday GM, et al. The neural correlates and clinical characteristics of psychosis in the frontotemporal dementia continuum and the C9orf72expansion. Neuroimage Clin. 2016 Dec;13:439-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2016.11.028
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2016.11.0...
, 2015 |
50 |
7 inpatients with schizophrenia/ 13 community-dwelling outpatients with /12 bvFTD/ 18 healthy controls |
Cross sectional |
To compare neurocognitive performance across groups in 16 cognitive domains |
Their findings revealed a similar cognitive profile among schizophrenia inpatients and bvFTD groups, compared with schizophrenia outpatients' group, which outperformed the former two groups. |
Chan et al.4545. Chan HM, Stolwyk R, Neath J, Kelso W, Walterfang M, Mocellin R, et al. Neurocognitive similarities between severe chronic schizophrenia and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Psychiatry Res. 2015 Feb;225(3):658-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.029
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014....
, 2014 |
60 |
26 schizophrenia/ 34 bvFTD |
Cross sectional |
To compare retrospectively the neuropsychological performance of schizophrenia and frontotemporal dementia patients. |
Cognitive impairment was similar in degree and pattern between groups. |
Nishida et al.4646. Chan HM, Stolwyk R, Kelso W, Neath J, Walterfang M, Mocellin R, et al. Comparing neurocognition in severe chronic schizophrenia and frontotemporal dementia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014 Sep;48(9):828-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867414529477
https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867414529477...
, 2013 |
93 |
18 mild FTD/ 20 schizophrenia/ 18 mild Alzheimer's disease/ 37 age matched controls |
Cross sectional |
To compare resting EEG patterns, related to resting-state fMRI networks, among groups. |
The duration of class C was significantly shorter in FTD than in controls and AD, and the duration of class D was significantly shorter in schizophrenia than in controls, FTD and AD |
Weickert et al.4747. Nishida K, Morishima Y, Yoshimura M, Isotani T, Irisawa S, Jann K, et al. EEG microstates associated with salience and frontoparietal networks in frontotemporal dementia, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol. 2013 Jun;124(6):1106-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2013.01.005
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2013.01...
, 2013 |
70 |
20 FTLD/24 schizophrenia/ 26 controls |
Cross sectional |
To investigate and compare probabilistic association learning between schizophrenia and FTLD patients. |
There was no difference in performance between FTLD and schizophrenia groups. |
Bediou et al.4848. Weickert TW, Leslie F, Rushby JA, Hodges JR, Hornberger M. Probabilistic association learning in frontotemporal dementia and schizophrenia. Cortex. 2013 Jan;49(1):101-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2011.09.011
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2011.09...
, 2012 |
214 |
Several neurodegerative disorders and schizophrenia patients |
Cross sectional |
To compare Facial Emotion Recognition test performance acrros several groups, and invetsigate the influece of dopaminergic drugs on these findings. |
FTD patients presented the worst performance across all groups. Symtpomatic schizophrenia patients standed between FTD and AD groups, and as simililar as Parkinson's disease patients. |
Woolley et al.77. Woolley JD, Khan BK, Murthy NK, Miller BL, Rankin KP. The diagnostic challenge of psychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative disease: rates of and risk factors for prior psychiatric diagnosis in patients with early neurodegenerative disease. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Feb;72(2):126-33. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.10m06382oli
https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.10m06382oli...
, 2011 |
252 |
Several neurodegenerative disorders |
Cross sectional |
To identify rates of and risk factors for psychiatric diagnosis preceding the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease, retrospectively by chart review. |
bvFTD patients received a prior psychiatric diagnosis significantly more often than other dementia types and were also more likely to receive a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. |
Ziauddeen et al.4949. Bediou B, Brunelin J, d'Amato T, Fecteau S, Saoud M, Hénaff MA, et al. A comparison of facial emotion processing in neurological and psychiatric conditions. Front Psychol. 2012 Apr;3:98. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00098
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00098...
, 2011 |
23 |
12 schizophrenia/ 11 bvFTD |
Cross sectional |
To compare clinical and neuropsychological features between schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symtoms and bvFTD. |
Negative and frontal lobe symptoms were similarly present in both groups. Negative scores were higher in schizophrenia and frontal lobe behaviors were more pronounced in bvFTD. |
Schoder et al.5050. Ziauddeen H, Dibben C, Kipps C, Hodges JR, McKenna PJ. Negative schizophrenic symptoms and the frontal lobe syndrome: one and the same? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011 Feb;261(1):59-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-010-0133-y
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-010-0133-...
, 2010 |
200 |
100 first-degree relatives of bvFTD patients/ 100 first-degree relatives of AD patients |
Cross sectional |
To calculate de morbid risk of schizophrenia in first-degree relatives |
The morbid risk for schizophrenia was significantly higher in relatives of frontotemporal dementia probands |
Foley et al.5151. Schoder D, Hannequin D, Martinaud O, Opolczynski G, Guyant-Maréchal L, Le Ber I, et al. Morbid risk for schizophrenia in first-degree relatives of people with frontotemporal dementia. Br J Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;197(1):28-35. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.068981
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.06898...
, 2009 |
185 |
37 geriatric schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) / 41 bvFTD / 107 controls |
Cross sectional |
To address whether measures for assessing premorbid intellectual functioning are adequate for geriatric schizophrenia |
Analysis showed unique patterns of spared function in when compared to FTD and controls |
Velakoulis et al.66. Velakoulis D, Walterfang M, Mocellin R, Pantelis C, McLean C. Frontotemporal dementia presenting as schizophrenia-like psychosis in young people: clinicopathological series and review of cases. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;194(4):298-305. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.057034
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.05703...
, 2009 |
17 |
Patients with bvFTD who had symptoms onset before 60 years. |
Cross sectional |
To investigate the relationship between early age at onset and psychotic presentations in pathologically verified definiter bvFTD patients. |
Five out of 17 patients had presented psychotic symptoms. |
Velakoulis et al.5252. Foley J, Golden C, Simco E, Schneider B, McCue R, Shaw L. Corollary-and discrepancy-based approaches for examining the appropriateness of premorbid cognitive estimation in geriatric schizophrenia. Int J Neurosci. 2009;119(10):1810-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450903192878
https://doi.org/10.1080/0020745090319287...
, 2009 |
23 |
12 Schizphrenia/ 3 Bipolar disorder/ 11 controls |
Cross sectional |
To determine whether FTD-like abnormalities in TARDNA binding protein (TDP-43) and ubiquitin are detectable in hippocampal dentate gyrus of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder |
The regular nuclear expression of TDP-43 was not detected in 3 patients. |
Foley et al.5353. Velakoulis D, Walterfang M, Mocellin R, Pantelis C, Dean B, McLean C. Abnormal hippocampal distribution of TDP-43 in patients with-late onset psychosis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2009 Aug;43(8):739-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670903001984
https://doi.org/10.1080/0004867090300198...
, 2008 |
185 |
37 geriatric schizophrenia-spectrum disorders / 41 bvFTD / 107 controls |
Cross sectional |
To investigate pattern of memory deficits across groups. |
Failed to find differences between groups on pattern of memory impairment. |
Kosmidis et al.5454. Foley J, Golden C, Simco E, Schneider B, McCue R, Shaw L. Pattern of memory compromise in chronic geriatric schizophrenia, frontotemporal dementia and normal geriatric controls. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2008 Feb;20(1):9-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00244.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007...
, 2008 |
63 |
28 schizophrenia plus 26 age-matched controls / 9 bvFTD plus 10 age-matched controls |
Cross sectional |
To investigate social cognition and theory of mind across groups using videotaped scenarios of social interactions. |
Both groups displayed generalized impairments in comprehension of social interactions. Schizophrenia patients were not impaired in evaluating sincere remarks. bvFTD patients were markedly impaired in recognizing sarcasm, specially when non-verbal cues were minimal. |