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Ahmed et al. 2013.(22)
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Nigeria
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To determine the safety and effectiveness of the rapid and complete bladder decompression technique in chronic urinary retention. |
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Type: observational and prospective study.
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Sample: 22 male patients with chronic urinary retention.
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Mean Age: 53 years old.
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Techniques Used: Rapid decompression.
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Hematuria occurred in 54.4% of cases. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia was the primary cause of Urinary Retention in 45.5% of patients. Urinary catheterization was performed in 72.7% of patients; the others were not catheterized as they had suprapubic cystostomy. Mean volume drained: 1,500 ml. |
VI |
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Quantify and compare the risks of Rapid (RD) and Gradual (DG) Decompression bladder complications in patients with acute and chronic urinary retention. |
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Type: Prospective randomized clinical study.
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Sample: 294 male patients with acute and chronic urinary retention.
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Mean age: 72.5 years. Techniques used: Rapid and gradual decompression.
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In the gradual and rapid decompression groups, hematuria occurred in 16 (11.3%) and 16 (10.5%) patients, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p=1). In the gradual and rapid decompression groups, a drop in blood pressure (146/84 and 142/82 mmHg, respectively) was also observed after decompression. Mean volumes drained: 1,260.9Ml and 1,089mL (gradual and rapid decompression, respectively). |
II |
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To investigate how complete and clamped drainage affects blood pressure, pulse, and blood loss in catheterized patients with urinary retention. |
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Type: Randomized Clinical Study.
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Sample: Six patients with urinary retention.
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Age: not described in the study.
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Techniques Used: Rapid and gradual decompressions.
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Blood traces were found in the urine sample of a patient in the rapid and complete decompression group. However, no result resulted in clinical complications. Drained Volume: 1,050-1,950 mL. |
II |
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Investigate changes in intravesical and arterial pressures during continuous or fractionated bladder drainage. |
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Type: Non-randomized clinical study. Sample: 10 male patients.
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Mean age: 74.5 years.
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Techniques Used: Rapid and gradual decompressions.
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Mean Drained Volume: 1,125 mL.
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Only one patient presented mild and transient hematuria. Intravesical pressure fell by 50% of the initial value after eliminating 100 mL of urine. Blood pressure decreased after bladder decompression (p≤0.05). Mean Drained Volume: 1,125 mL. |
III |
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Etafy et al. 2017.(26)
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USA
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Compare rapid versus gradual bladder decompression in patients with acute RU to demonstrate benefits. |
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Type: Randomized Clinical Study.
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Sample: 62 patients with acute Urinary Retention diagnosed with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.
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Mean Ages: 64.4 and 63.2 years in the rapid and gradual decompression groups, respectively.
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Techniques Used: Rapid and gradual decompressions.
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Hematuria occurred in the rapid decompression group (two patients) but not in the gradual decompression group; no significant difference (p=0.97). After rapid and gradual decompressions, drops occurred in mean arterial pressure (15 and 10 mmHg, respectively). Mean volumes drained: 1,119 and 1,074 mL in the rapid and gradual decompression groups, respectively. |
II |
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Describe the case of a patient with urinary retention and the presence of hematuria after urinary catheterization. |
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The patient developed macroscopic hematuria 3 h after the procedure. The authors concluded that severe hematuria may occur rarely although evidence exists that rapid decompression is safe. Drained Volume: 2,000 mL. |
VII |
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Glahn; Plucnar 1984.(28)
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Denmark
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Investigate the occurrence of hematuria. |
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Type: observational and prospective study.
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Sample: 260 patients; 215 (82.69%) men and 45 (17.3%) women.
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Mean age: 62 years old.
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Technique Used: Rapid decompression.
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Hematuria occurred in 49 (16.3%) patients, with cases of mild (37; 75.5%), moderate (10; 20.4%), and severe (2; 4.1%) hematuria. In the second case, hematuria occurred for 24 h in a male patient; 2,000 mL of urine was drained; later, the patient was diagnosed with bladder stones and a clotting disorder. Drained Volume: <500 mL and >2,000 mL. |
VI |
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Present the case and highlight the severity of post-obstructive diuresis and decompressive hematuria in the scenario of chronic urinary retention secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. |
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One hour after catheterization, the patient presented significant hematuria, post-obstructive diuresis, and hypotension. He received a blood transfusion, bladder irrigation, instillation of antifibrinolytics, and electrolyte replacement. Drained Volume: 5,900 mL. |
VII |
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Explore the potentially fatal complications of urinary retention and bladder decompression. |
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The catheter was clamped with 1,000 mL of drained urine. The catheter was unclamped after urology guidance. The patient presented hematuria, and the hemoglobin level dropped from 10.1 to 5.7 ml/dl. The patient received a red blood cell concentrate and intravenous volume infusion and underwent bladder irrigation and surgical intervention (cystoscopy, bladder biopsy, and clot removal). Drained volume: <7,000 mL. |
VII |
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To describe a case of hematuria in the upper urinary tract after urinary catheterization. |
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In the first 48 h after the procedure, the patient presented significant hematuria with a drop in hemoglobin to 7.8 g/dl, requiring bladder irrigation and blood transfusion. Laboratory and imaging tests were carried out showing an enlarged prostate. No stone or malignancy was identified. Drained volume: 2,900 mL. |
VII |
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Nayak et al., 2013.(32)
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India
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Describe the case of a patient who presented hematuria after bladder decompression. |
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The imaging examination showed an enlarged prostate and bilateral dilation of the kidney. The patient presented severe hematuria followed by hyponatremia. The hematuria followed for more than a week. The patient underwent a nephrostomy. Clots were found in the right ureter. No tumor was identified. Drained Volume: 4,000 ml. |
VII |