Gallo et al. (2018)(11)
|
Swiss ball/ Hydrotherapy (aspersion bath) |
Randomized trial |
The EG had significantly lower pain intensity immediately after the Swiss ball, massage, and aspersion bath, enabling delay and reduction of the use of pharmacological analgesia. |
Henrique et al. (2018)(12)
|
Hydrotherapy (aspersion bath)/ Swiss ball |
Randomized trial |
The pain, anxiety, and release of epinephrine decreased in the group using perineal exercises with the ball (ball group). The levels of β - endorphins increased in the ball group after the intervention, and it showed a significant difference in the capacity to cause these effects. |
Koyucu et al. (2018)(13)
|
Hydrotherapy (sterile water injections) |
Randomized trial |
Mean pain scores at 30 minutes after the injections were significantly lower in the EG. The mean decrease in pain scores after 30 min was significantly higher in the EG. |
Surucu et al. (2018)(14)
|
Music therapy |
Randomized trial |
After the first hour, a significant reduction in pain was reported in the EG, and the mean anxiety scores became lower in favor of the EG; the correlation was statistically significant. |
Valiani et al. (2018)(15)
|
Auriculotherapy |
Randomized trial |
Statistical analysis showed that the severity of labor pain in the EG (auriculotherapy) was lower than that of the CG. |
Yildirim, et al. (2018)(16)
|
Acupressure |
Randomized trial |
The results show that application of ice in the LI4 region was effective at 80 minutes. There was a reduction in labor time of approximately one hour with the EG parturients as compared to those in the CG. |
Hamlacı et al. (2017)(17)
|
Acupressure |
Randomized trial |
Applying acupressure to point LI4 was considered effective in reducing the perception of labor pain and shortening the labor time (p <0.05). The mothers were satisfied with the treatment but found it insufficient to control the pain. |
Lee, et al. (2017)(18)
|
Hydrotherapy (sterile water injections) |
Qualitative Study with semi-structured interviews |
The women in this study considered sterile water injections to be an effective analgesia with few side effects. Parturients used the analgesia period to support their goals, either of rest during labor, or to increase their ability to focus on the childbirth itself. |
Yuksel et al. (2017)(19)
|
Breathing exercises |
Randomized trial |
The time in the expulsive period and the pain scores of those in the EG presented a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) when compared to the CG. |
Taavoni et al. (2016)(20)
|
Swiss ball / Thermotherapy |
Randomized trial |
The mean value in pain scores in the thermotherapy group was lower than that in the CG, at 60 and 90 min post-intervention (p<0.05). There were significant differences between pain scores in the Swiss ball group throughout the study when compared to the CG. |
Cherobin, et al. (2016)(21)
|
Auriculotherapy |
Qualitative study Convergent methodology |
In the first 30 minutes, 15 (79%) of the treated women felt some pain relief. After one hour, six (46%) remained with the same degree of pain, and four (31%) had greater relief. |
Mafetoni et al. (2016)(22)
|
Acupressure |
Randomized trial |
Pain scores were lower in the acupressure group immediately after (value=<0.0001) and one hour after treatment (p-value=0.0001), as compared to CG and PG. |
Mathew et al. (2016)(23)
|
Reflexology |
Quasi-experimental study |
The mean pain score (6.81) was significantly higher in the CG when compared to the score (4.67) of the EG. |
Dehcheshmeh et al. (2015)(24)
|
Music Therapy/ Acupressure |
Randomized trial |
Pain scores were significantly lower in the music therapy group and cryotherapy groups when compared to the CG (p<0.05), without significant differences between them. |
Dabiri et al. (2014)(25)
|
Acupressure |
Randomized trial |
The difference in pain scores between the EG and CG was significant (p<0.001), but there was no significant difference (p=0.942) in the dilation time period of both groups as well as compared to the PG. |
Kaviani et al. (2014)(26)
|
Aromatherapy |
Randomized trial |
The mean perception of pain intensity in the EG was lower than that in the CG at 30 and 60 minutes post-intervention (p <0.001). |
Barbieri et al. (2013)(27)
|
Hydrotherapy (aspersion bath)/ Swiss ball |
Randomized trial |
There was a reduction in the pain of the two EGs, but no significant differences between the results of the hydrotherapy and the Swiss ball when compared to each other. However, significant results were obtained when both methods were used. |
Shirvani et al. (2013)(28)
|
Cryotherapy |
Randomized trial |
The degree of pain was lower in the EG during periods of dilation and expulsion. The duration of these periods was significantly lower in the EG when compared to the CG. |
Lee et al. (2013)(29)
|
Hydrotherapy (sterile water injections) |
Randomized, quasi-experimental study |
Four sterile water injections caused smaller pain scores when compared to only one injection. |