Quality and sleep duration among public health network users

A cross-sectional study of 775 individuals of both genders in a city in the Center-West region of Brazil. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, life habits, health conditions, binge drinking, and quality and sleep duration assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Poisson regression was used to identify the factors associated with poor sleep quality and sleep duration (short and long).

Results

In the multiple analysis, the factors associated with poor sleep quality were female gender (prevalence ratio: 1.10, 95% Confidence Interval and 95%CI 1.05-1.16, p <0.00), binge drinking (prevalence ratio: 1.08; 95%CI 1.03-1.13; p <0.01), illegal drug use (prevalence ratio: 1.06, 95%CI 1.00-1.12, p=0.03), angina (prevalence ratio: 1.07, 95%CI 1.03-1.18, p <0.01) and depression (prevalence ratio: 1.07 95%CI 1.00-1.14, p=0.02). Obesity was associated with short sleep duration (prevalence ratio: 1.10 95%CI 1.02-1.17, p <0.01). Age> 55 years was associated with long sleep duration (prevalence ratio: 1.39; 95%CI: 1.00-1.92; p=0.04).

Conclusion

Being a woman, being over 55 years old, consuming alcoholic beverages, using illegal substances, angina, obesity and depression were risk factors for changes in quality and sleep duration. The results of the present study reinforce the need for the development of actions aimed at the prevention of diseases related to sleep disorders in the study population.

Alcoholism; Antipsychotic Agents; Sleep Wake Disorders; Obesity; Sleep

Variables	All^*	Poor sleep quality		p-value	Short sleep duration		p-value	Long sleep duration		p-value
Variables	All^*	n(%)	PR (95%CI)	p-value	n(%)	PR (95%CI)	p-value	n(%)	PR (95%CI)	p-value
Gender
Male	359	178 (49,6)	1.0		89 (24.8)	1.0		96 (26.7)	1.0
Female	416	267 (64.2)	1.10 (1.05-11.16)	0.00	104 (25.0)	1.01 (0.97-1.05)	0.40	109 (26.2)	0.97 (0.77-1.23)	0.86
Age, years
≤55	650	380 (58.5)	1.0		176 (27.1)	1.0		155 (23.9)	1.0
>55	125	65 (52.0)	0.95 (0.90-1.02)	0.19	17 (13.5)	0.89 (0.84-0.94)	0.00	50 (39.7)	1.66 (1.28-2.14)	0.00
Marital status
Without partner	395	224 (56.7)	1.0		104 (26.3)	1.0		110 (27.8)	1.0
With partner	377	220 (58.4)	1.01 (0.96-1.05)	0.64	88 (23.4)	0.97 (0.93-1.02)	0.35	93 (24.7)	0.89 (0.70-1.19)	0.33
Schooling, years
>8	478	264 (55.2)	1.0		134 (28.0)	1.0		111 (23.2)	1.0
≤8	297	181 (60.9)	1.03 (0.99-1.08)	0.11	59 (19.9)	0.93 (0.89-0.98)	0.00	94 (31.6)	1.36 (1.07-1.72)	0.00
Family income, R$
>2,705.00	315	192 (60.9)	1.0		87 (27.6)	1.0		69 (21.9)	1.0
≤2,705.00	460	253 (55,0)	0.96 (0.92-1.00)	0.09	106 (23.0)	0.96 (0.91-1.01)	0.15	136 (29.6)	1.34 (1.04-1.73)	0.02
Children
No	257	139 (54.1)	1.0		77 (30.0)	1.0		58 (22.6)	1.0
Yes	518	306 (59.1)	1.03 (0.98-1.08)	0.19	116 (22.4)	0.94 (0.89-0.99)	0.02	147 (28.4)	1.25 (0.96-1.63)	0.09
Skin color
Not White	541	305 (56.4)	1.0		128 (23.7)	1.0		154 (28.5)	1.0
White	234	140 (59.8)	1.02 (0.97-1.07)	0.36	65 (27.7)	1.03 (0.97- 1.08)	0.24	51 (21.7)	0.76 (0.57-1.00)	0.05
Employment
Formal	318	194 (61.0)	1.0		82 (23.8)	1.0		81 (25.5)	1.0
Informal	457	251 (54.9)	0.96 (0.92-1.00)	0.09	111 (24.3)	0.98 (0.94-1.03)	0.63	124 (27.1)	1.06 (0.83-1.35)	0.60
Living with friends
No	743	432 (58.1)	1.0		187 (25.1)	1.0		200 (26.9)	1.0
Yes	32	13 (40.6)	0.88 (0.78-1.00)	0.06	6 (18.7)	0.94 (0.84-1.06)	0.37	5 (25.6)	0.58 (0.25-1.31)	0.19
Living with children
No	711	401 (56.4)	1.0		174 (24.5)	1.0		191 (26.9)	1.0
Yes	64	44 (68.7)	1.07 (1.00-1.15)	0.03	19 (29.7)	1.04 (0.95-1.14)	0.37	14 (21.9)	0.81 (0.50-1.31)	0.40
SHCU service
No	432	236 (54.9)	1.0		115 (26.5)	1.0		113 (26.1)	1.0
Yes	343	209 (61.0)	1.04 (0.99-1.08)	0.07	78 (22.8)	0.97 (0.92-1.01)	0.22	92 (26.9)	1.03 (0.81-1.30)	0.80
Binge drinking
No	423	221 (55.2)	1.0		100 (23.6)	1.0		121 (28.6)	1.0
Yes	352	224 (63.6)	1.07 (1.02-1.12)	0.00	93 (26.4)	102 (0.97-1.07)	0.37	84 (23.9)	0.83 (0.65-1.06)	0.13
Illegal drug use
No	671	375 (55.9)	1.0		161 (24.0)	1.0		180 (26.8)	1.0
Yes	104	70 (67.3)	1.07 (1.01-1.12)	0.00	32 (30.8)	1.05 (0.98-1.13)	0.15	25 (24.0)	0.89 (0.62-1.28)	0.55
Angina
No	723	404 (55.9)	1.0		175 (24.2)	1.0		193 (26.7)	1.0
Yes	52	41 (78.8)	1.14 (1.07-1.22)	0.00	18 (34.6)	1.08 (0.98-1.19)	0.11	12 (23.1)	0.86 (0.51-1.44)	0.57
High cholesterol rates
No	699	394 (56.4)	1.0		175 (25.1)	1.0		185 (26.5)	1.0
Yes	76	51 (67.1)	1.06 (0.99-1.14)	0.05	18 (23.4)	0.98 (0.90-1.06)	0.74	20 (26.0)	0.97 (0.65-1.45)	0.92
Hypertension
No	525	348 (55.7)	1.0		160 (25.6)	1.0		149 (23.9)	1.0
Yes	150	97 (64.7)	1.05 (1.00-1.11)	0.03	33 (21.8)	0.96 (0.91-1.03)	0.32	56 (37.1)	1.55 (1.20-1.99)	0.00
Obesity†
No	645	363 (56.3)	1.0		149 (23.1)	1.0		178 (27.6)	1.0
Yes	121	78 (64.5)	1.05 (0.99-1.11)	0.08	42 (34.7)	1.09 (1.02-1.17)	0.01	27 (22.3)	0.80 (0.56-1.15)	0.24
Depression
No	697	384 (55.1)	1.0		178 (25.6)	1.0		177 (25.4)	1.0
Yes	78	61 (78.2)	1.14 (1.08-1.21)	0.00	15 (19.0)	0.94 (0.87-1.02)	0.17	28 (35.4)	1.39 (1.00-1.92)	0.04
Anxiety
No	718	406 (56.5)	1.0		180 (25.0)	1.0		192 (26.7)	1.0
Yes	57	39 (68.4)	1.07 (0.99-1.16)	0.05	13 (22.8)	0.98 (0.89-1.07)	0.69	13 (22.8)	0.85 (0.52-1.39)	0.52

Variables	Adjusted PR (95%CI)*	p-value
Poor sleep quality
Gender	1.10 (1.05-1.16)	0.00
Family income	0.96 (0.92-1.01)	0.13
Work	0.96 (0.92-1.00)	0.08
Living with friends	0.90 (0.80-1.02)	0.11
Living with children	1.02 (0.95-1.10)	0.53
SHCU service	1.02 (0.98-1.07)	0.28
Binge drinking	1.08 (1.03-1.13)	0.00
Illegal drug use	1.06 (1.00-1.12)	0.03
Angina	1.10 (1.03-1.18)	0.00
High total cholesterol rates	1.01 (0.94-1.08)	0.76
Hypertension	1.02 (0.97-1.09)	0.34
Obesity	1.03 (0.97-1.09)	0.27
Depression	1.07 (1.00-1.14)	0.02
Anxiety	1.01 (0.93-1.09)	0.74
Short sleep duration
Age, years	0.96 (0.91-1.01)	0.19
Living with children only	0.96 (0.91-1.01)	0.18
Obesity	1.10 (1.02-1.17)	0.00
Long sleep duration
Age, years	1.39 (1.00-1.92)	0.04
Schooling	1.09 (0.83-1.42)	0.52
Family income	1.27 (0.98-1.63)	0.06
Living with children only	0.99 (0.73-1.33)	0.95
Skin color	0.81 (0.61-1.07)	0.15
Hypertension	1.29 (0.98-1.70)	0.06
Depression	0.85 (0.52-1.39)	0.52

Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo R. Napoleão de Barros, 754, 04024-002 São Paulo - SP/Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 5576 4430 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: actapaulista@unifesp.br

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[1] Corresponding author Graciele Cristina Silva https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-306X Email: gcsilvanut@gmail.com