Brasil, 2016(1111. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Manual do pé diabético: estratégias para o cuidado da pessoa com doença crônica. Brasília (DF): Ministério da Saúde; 2016.)
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Brazil |
Guideline Person with chronic illness |
Strengthen and qualify care for people with DM through comprehensiveness and longitudinality of care at all points of care. |
Foot examination, wound care and health education. |
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Brasil, 2013(1313. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Estratégias para o cuidado da pessoa com doença crônica: diabetes mellitus. Brasília (DF): Ministério da Saúde; 2013; 160 p.: il. (Cadernos de Atenção Básica, n. 36).)
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Brazil |
Guideline Person with chronic illness |
Strengthen and qualify care for people with this disease through comprehensiveness and longitudinal care at all points of care. |
Foot examination and wound care |
|
Daly et al., 2020(1414. Daly B, Arroll B, Nirantharakumar K, Scragg RK. Improved foot management of people with diabetes by primary healthcare nurses in Auckland, New Zealand. N Z Med J. 2020;133(1527):39-50.)
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New Zeland |
Cross-sectional quantitative study 336 nurses |
To assess trends in foot examinations for people with diabetes by primary health care nurses in Auckland, New Zealand (between 2006-2008 and 2016). |
Foot examination and health education |
Significantly more users were seen by nurses and received foot exams and foot care education in 2016 compared to 2006-2008. |
Mullan et al., 2020(1515. Mullan L, Wynter K, Driscoll A, Rasmussen B. Prioritisation of diabetes-related footcare amongst primary care healthcare professionals. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(23-24):4653-73.)
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Australia |
Cross-sectional quantitative study 84 accredited diabetes educators |
To assess the priority of primary care providers to manage diabetic foot disease (DFD) throughout the course of the disease compared to other aspects of diabetes care. |
Glycemic control, foot examination and referral to a specialized service |
When diagnosing type 2 diabetes, review of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has been identified as one of the top three priorities. Foot assessment became a priority for participants (n=73; 78%) with priority podiatry referral (n=50; 53%). |
Arruda et al., 2019(1616. Arruda LS, Fernandes CR, Freitas RW, Machado AL, Lima LH, Silva AR. Nurse's knowledge about caring for diabetic foot. Rev Enferm UFPE Online. 2019;13:e242175)
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Brazil |
Cross-sectional quantitative study 237 nurses |
Understand nurses’ knowledge about foot care for diabetics in Primary Care. |
Feet examination (ballpoint pen, cotton wool and glass of water) |
When analyzing the items on diabetic foot prevention, better performance was observed for monofilament and neuropathic foot and lower performance for physical examination; regarding the classification of knowledge, professionals presented unsatisfactory (45.6%) and conflicting (54.4%) knowledge. |
Pereira et al., 2017(1717. Pereira LF, Paiva FA, Silva SA, Sanches RS, Lima RS, Fava SM. Nurse's actions in diabetic foot prevention: the perspective of the person with diabetes mellitus. Rev Pesquisa, Cuidado é Fundamental Online. 2017;9(4):1008-1014.)
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Brazil |
Qualitative study 20 people with a medical diagnosis of diabetes |
Investigate nurses’ actions to prevent diabetic foot from the perspective of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). |
Foot examination and health education |
Effective actions to prevent diabetic foot appear peripherally in the data set, and action is limited to health education actions. |
Vargas et al., 2017(1818. Vargas C, Lima D, da-Silva D, Schoeller S, Vragas M, Lopes S. Conduct of primary care nurses in the care of people with diabetic foot. Rev Enferm UFPE Online. 2017;11(Supl. 11):4535-4545.)
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Brazil |
Qualitative study 22 nurses |
To understand the actions of primary care nurses in caring for people with diabetes mellitus (DM) regarding diabetic foot. |
Glycemic control, wound care, foot examination and health education |
It was evidenced that nurses’ knowledge about the care of people with DM is partial, superficial and fragmented, not allowing adequate actions, especially to detect the risks of developing diabetic foot and evaluate the examination of the feet. |
Oliveira et al., 2016(1919. Oliveira PS, Bezerra EP, Andrade LL, Gomes PLF, Soares MJ, Costa MM. Practice nurse family health strategy in the prevention of diabetic foot. Rev Pesquisa, Cuidado é Fundamental Online. 2016 ;8(3):4841-9.)
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Brazil |
Cross-sectional quantitative study 38 nurses |
Identify guidance given by nurses to people with DM on foot care, investigate the frequency of foot examination and the aspects evaluated, and verify which health education activities are carried out by nurses for people with DM. |
Foot examination and health education |
It was observed that nurses provide guidance on the use of comfortable shoes (n=26; 68.4%), evaluate hair and nails monthly (n=19; 50.0%) and carry out health education activities (n=12; 31 .6%). |
Daly et al., 2014(2020. Daly B, Arroll B, Sheridan N, Kenealy T, Stewart A, Scragg R. Foot examinations of diabetes patients by primary health care nurses in Auckland, New Zealand. Prim Care Diabetes. 2014;8(2):139-46.)
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New Zealand |
Cross-sectional quantitative study 287 nurses |
Identify the factors associated with the examination of patients’ feet by primary health care nurses. |
Foot examination and health education |
An 86% response rate was achieved across participants. Nurses examined users’ feet in 46% of consultations. |
Martins et al., 2008(2121. Martins CF, Thofehrn MB, Amestoy SC, Lange C. O fazer que faz a diferença: cuidar de um diabético ferido - pé diabético. Ciência, Cuidado e Saúde. 2008;60:448-53.)
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Brazil |
Experience report |
To report the evolution of healing (based on therapeutic care) of a 47-year-old diabetic patient suffering from an injury to the right lower limb, with a supposed indication for amputation, being cared for at a UBS in the city of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. |
Wound care, glycemic control, foot examination, referral to a specialized service |
I use therapeutic measures to recover the injured limb. After four weeks of follow-up, the client was very satisfied with the progress of the treatment; however, the presence of granulation tissue was observed throughout the entire length of the wound. |
Orihuela Casarra et al., 2005(2222. Orihuela Casarra R, Heras Tebar A, Pozo Gil M. Monofilamento 5.07. Uso en las consultas de Enfermería de Atención Primaria. Rev Enferm. 2005;28(12):43-7.)
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Spain |
Observational quantitative study 62 nurses |
Check whether the instrument is used in our Primary Care Service, for which we provide a survey to all nurses. |
Feet examination (use of 5.07 monofilament) |
The majority of participating nurses (79%) are familiar with 5.07 monofilament; they have this monofilament available for use (62%) and more than half said they use it (55%). The main reasons for not using this monofilament are its unavailability and lack of knowledge about it. |
Dias et al., 2017(2828. Dias JJ, Santos FL, Oliveira FK. Home visit as a tool for promoting the health the diabetic with an amputated foot. Rev Enferm UFPE Online. 2017;11(12): 5464-70.)
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Brazil |
Experience report |
To describe the experience of daily home visits to change dressings in the amputation of four toes resulting from diabetic foot complications, indicating successes and limitations. |
Health education, wound care and home visit |
Daily home visits (Monday-Friday) contributed to reducing the traumatic wound using 5% papain for two months, in addition to establishing a bond and emphasizing health education information. |
Couto et al., 2014(2929. Couto TA, Santana VSS, Santos AR, Santos RM. Educação em saúde, prevenção e cuidado ao pé diabético: um relato de experiência. Rev Bahiana Saúde Pública. 2014;38(3):760-8.)
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Brazil |
Experience report |
Report the experience of carrying out educational activities on diabetic foot care in a UBS in a municipality in Bahia. |
Health education |
Among the results of the activities are the improvement in the quality of guidance on foot care offered by nursing technicians during dressings and the adherence of users to treatment after being made aware of the importance of monitoring at the health unit. |
Cubas et al., 2013(3030. Cubas MR, Santos OM, Retzlaff EM, Telma HL, Andrade IP, Moser AD, et al. Pé diabético: orientações e conhecimento sobre cuidados preventivos. Fisioter Mov. 2013;26(3):647-55.)
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Brazil |
Cross-sectional quantitative study 5 nurses |
Verify the knowledge of diabetes program users about preventive care for diabetic foot, identify the guidance patients receive on prevention and observe their adherence to preventive self-care procedures. |
Health education |
The guidance provided by nurses varies; all claim to provide guidance on wearing shoes and cutting nails; however, adherence to these items is not verified; Furthermore, there is a lack of guidelines such as daily foot examination. |