Use of monosodium-glutamate as a novel dietary supplement strategy for ovarian stimulation in goats

Soares, Anne Caroline Santos; Alves, Juliana Paula Martins; Fernandes, César Carneiro Linhares; Silva, Maria Raquel Lopes; Conde, Alfredo José Herrera; Teixeira, Dárcio Ítalo Alves; Rondina, Davide

doi:10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0094

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Anim. Reprod. 20 (3) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2023-0094 copy

Use of monosodium-glutamate as a novel dietary supplement strategy for ovarian stimulation in goats

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the reproductive effects of adding monosodium glutamate (MSG) to the diet of goats. Eleven adult goats received synchronized estrus and follicular waves using three prostaglandin analog injections every seven days. Goats allocated to individual pens received 1 g/kg BW of MSG in their diet for 23 days (MOGLU group, n = 6), whereas the control group (n = 5) maintained the base diet. The supplemented animals showed an increase in dry matter intake (P < 0.0001) and a reduction in heart rate (P < 0.05), respiratory rate, and ruminal movement (P < 0.001). Surface and rectal temperatures were higher in the MOGLU group, (P < 0.0001) with a significant increase in the afternoon. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in the frequency of behaviors related to rumination, defecation, and urination in the MOGLU group, and a reduction in behaviors associated with stress (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the plasma levels of proteins, albumin, urea, cholesterol, or triglycerides. Glucose levels were lower (P < 0.05) in the MOGLU group, which also showed increased glutathione peroxide levels during the induction of ovulation. Supplemented animals recorded a larger number (P < 0.05) of follicles throughout the experimental period and higher intraovarian blood perfusion (P < 0.05) during ovulation induction. We conclude that MSG exerts a positive effect on the reproductive response in goats and therefore represents an effective nutritional supplement.

Keywords:
goat; glutamate monosodium; follicle; ovary; Doppler; diet supplementation

Parameters	Group			p Value
Parameters	Control	MOGLU	SEM	Group	Time	G x T
Body weight, kg	36.84	37.30	1.0151	0.8365	0.8868	0.7869
Carcass Markers
SSFT, mm	12.46	11.40	0.3868	0.1722	0.8621	0.1212
SLFT, mm	4.02	3.62	0.0545	0.0002	0.8157	0.3360
KFT, mm	2.09	2.02	0.0421	0.3705	0.4812	0.3449
DL, mm	17.07	15.86	0.3519	0.0868	0.4124	0.3087

Parameters	Group			p Value
Parameters	Control	MOGLU	SEM	Group	TS	DR	G x DR	G x TS
*Feed Intake*
DMI, g/kg MW	78.68	90.57	1.0224	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0136	0.1337	< 0.0001
DMI, % BW	3.20	3.64	0.0435	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0206	0.1764	< 0.0001
Refused feed, %	24.47	30.68	0.8544	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.0018	0.1854	< 0.0001
*Physiological response*
HR, beat\min	66.24	64.79	0.4225	0.0364	0.0002	< 0.0001	0.2584	0.8049
RF, breaths\min	39.69	35.17	0.7582	0.0017	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	0.7205	0.9252
ST, ºC	31.31	32.12	0.0971	< 0.0001	0.0042	< 0.0001	0.0009	0.3260
RT, ºC	38.49	38.30	0.5349	< 0.0001	0.0438	< 0.0001	0.0001	0.2869
RM, (mov\min)	2.18	1.95	0.7269	0.0004	< 0.0001	0.0004	0.9909	0.7099
*Behavior response*
Rumination, %	39.93	60.07	0.0466	0.0192	0.4517	0.0260	0.1864	0.0982
Idle, %	56.03	43.97	0.0464	0.1149	0.1045	0.1452	0.2866	0.2251
Drinking, %	50.00	50.00	0.0570	1.0000	0.1574	0.0078	0.1291	0.0510
Feeding, %	48.17	51.83	0.1164	0.4815	0.6197	0.0032	0.1866	0.3028
Urination, %	12.36	87.64	0.1117	0.0015	0.9040	0.9824	0.5454	0.9798
Defecation, %	28.46	71.54	0.0860	0.0152	0.2763	0.2153	0.2465	0.4613
Stress indicators, %	73.00	27.00	0.1329	0.0253	0.0293	0.3101	0.0401	0.1188

Parameters	Group			p Value
Parameters	Control	MOGLU	SEM	Group	Time	G x T
Metabolites levels
Total protein, mg/dL	6.17	6.09	0.0888	0.6528	0.2862	0.0531
Albumin, mg/dL	2.42	2.30	0.0533	0.4790	0.0909	0.8301
Urea, mg/dL	22.00	22.22	0.5242	0.6228	0.0040	0.1820
Glucose, mg/dL	48.67	45.79	0.6724	0.0149	0.0575	0.0025
Cholesterol, mg/dL	64.93	58.00	1.6610	0.1093	0.8669	0.6219
Triglyceride, mg/dL	22.07	22.89	0.7265	0.6988	0.0129	0.0565
Glutathione peroxidase, U/L	330.23	339.69	2.1901	0.0241	0.5252	0.0230

Parameters	Group			p Value
Parameters	Control	MOGLU	SEM	Group	Time	G x T
Follicles traits before ovulation induction ^* * Follicles ultrasonography traits measured on the 7th Day to the 14th Day of MOGLU supplementation; **Follicles traits and Intraovarian Doppler area, measured by ultrasonography in the 48 hours after ovulation induction; Time, ANOVA effect for interval of assessment used. a,b P < 0.05 differences between follicular classes in the same period (before or after ovulation induction). A, B differences between periods (before and after ovulation induction).
Follicles < 3 mm, n\ovary	0.87a	1.95	0.1303	< 0.0001	0.6887	0.9983
Follicles ≥ 3 mm, n\ovary	2.16bA	1.74	0.0776	0.0068	0.2738	0.6160
Total follicles, n\ovary	3.03	3.69A	0.1376	0.0177	0.2881	0.9961
Max follicle size, mm	4.85	4.54A	0.0717	0.0274	0.8795	0.4340
Follicles traits after ovulation induction **
Follicles < 3 mm, n\ovary	1.27	2.33a	0.1028	0.0104	0.9462	0.7077
Follicles ≥ 3 mm, n\ovary	1.70B	1.92b	0.1167	0.2913	0.8306	0.1748
Total follicles, n\ovary	2.97	4.25B	0.1290	0.0010	0.8967	0.9887
Max follicles size, mm	4.64	4.91B	0.1885	0.2611	0.8912	0.8069
Intraovarian blood flow area, %\goat	1.23	2.35	0.2554	0.0227	0.7573	0.9143
Ovulatory rate, n	1.00	0.67	0.2263	0.4926	-	-

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[1] *Corresponding author: davide.rondina@uece.br