Hydrogel |
Alginate |
Follicle |
Greater viability and differentiation of pre antral into antral follicles in countless animal species |
(Vanacker et al., 2012Vanacker J, Luyckx V, Dolmans MM, Des Rieux A, Jaeger J, Van Langendonckt A, Donnez J, Amorim CA. Transplantation of an alginate-matrigel matrix containing isolated ovarian cells: first step in developing a biodegradable scaffold to transplant isolated preantral follicles and ovarian cells. Biomaterials. 2012;33(26):6079-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.015. PMid:22658800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials...
) |
Embryo |
Greater embryo viability after hatching and embryo elongation |
(Zhao et al., 2015Zhao S, Liu ZX, Gao H, Wu Y, Fang Y, Wu SS, Li MJ, Bai JH, Liu Y, Evans A, Zeng SM. A three-dimensional culture system using alginate hydrogel prolongs hatched cattle embryo development in vitro. Theriogenology. 2015;84(2):184-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.03.011. PMid:25881989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenolo...
) |
Spermatogonial stem cell |
Keep cells viability and morphology |
(Jalayeri et al., 2017Jalayeri M, Pirnia A, Najafabad EP, Varzi AM, Gholami M. Evaluation of alginate hydrogel cytotoxicity on three-dimensional culture of type A spermatogonial stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017;95:888-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.074. PMid:27984148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.201...
) |
Extracellular matrix-derived |
Follicle |
Greater antrum formation, maturation rate, and normal spindle |
(Kim et al., 2020Kim EJ, Yang C, Lee J, Youm HW, Lee JR, Suh CS, Kim SH. The new biocompatible material for mouse ovarian follicle development in three-dimensional in vitro culture systems. Theriogenology. 2020;144:33-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.12.009. PMid:31895996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenolo...
) |
Collagen + Alginate |
Follicle |
Oocytes ovulation |
(Choi et al., 2014Choi JK, Agarwal P, Huang H, Zhao S, He X. The crucial role of mechanical heterogeneity in regulating follicle development and ovulation with engineered ovarian microtissue. Biomaterials. 2014;35(19):5122-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.028. PMid:24702961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials...
) |
Collagen |
Embryo |
Higher cleavage, blastocyst, and hatching rates. A greater number of trophoblast cells |
(Kolahi et al., 2012Kolahi KS, Donjacour A, Liu X, Lin W, Simbulan RK, Bloise E, Maltepe E, Rinaudo P. Effect of substrate stiffness on early mouse embryo development. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041717. PMid:22860009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...
) |
Magnetic Levitation |
Magnetic nanoparticles |
Follicle |
High follicular growth, oocyte viability, morphology, and maturation rate. |
(Antonino et al., 2019Antonino DC, Soares MM, Junior JM, de Alvarenga PB, Mohallem RFF, Rocha CD, Vieira LA, de Souza AG, Beletti ME, Alves BG, Jacomini JO, Goulart LR, Alves KA. Three-dimensional levitation culture improves in-vitro growth of secondary follicles in bovine model. Reprod Biomed Online. 2019;38(3):300-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.013. PMid:30639159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11...
) |
Hanging drop |
- |
Granulosa cell |
Upregulate CYP19 expression, simulating preovulatory follicle stage |
(Yadav et al., 2018Yadav M, Agrawal H, Pandey M, Singh D, Onteru SK. Three-dimensional culture of buffalo granulosa cells in hanging drop mimics the preovulatory follicle stage. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(3):1959-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25909. PMid:28294325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25909...
) |
Low attachment surface |
Non-adherent surfaces |
Oocytes |
Growing secondary follicles’ diameters were larger when cultured in ultra-low attachment 96-well plates than in the alginate gel |
(Ren et al., 2023Ren H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Chang Q, Yu X, Pei X. Optimized study of an in vitro 3D culture of preantral follicles in mice. J Vet Sci. 2023;24(1):e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.22223. PMid:36560836. http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.22223...
) |
Scaffold |
Biopolymer and matrix |
Primary human endometrial epithelial and stromal cells (HEECs and HESCs). |
3D cell culture formed an endometrial architecture and function similar to in vivo endometrial than 2D cell culture |
(Eissa et al., 2018Eissa AM, Barros FSV, Vrljicak P, Brosens JJ, Cameron NR. Enhanced differentiation potential of primary human endometrial cells cultured on 3D scaffolds. Biomacromolecules. 2018;19(8):3343-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00635. PMid:29928802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b0...
) |
3D printing |
Polymer combination |
Ovary/ endometrium |
Ovarian bioprosthetic able to return fertility in sterile mice |
(Laronda et al., 2017Laronda MM, Rutz AL, Xiao S, Whelan KA, Duncan FE, Roth EW, Woodruff TK, Shah RN. A bioprosthetic ovary created using 3D printed microporous scaffolds restores ovarian function in sterilized mice. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):15261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15261. PMid:28509899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15261...
) |
improved the reproductive outcome in the surgical area after implantation (75%,) |
(Nie et al., 2023Nie N, Gong L, Jiang D, Liu Y, Zhang J, Xu J, Yao X, Wu B, Li Y, Zou X. 3D bio-printed endometrial construct restores the full-thickness morphology and fertility of injured uterine endometrium. Acta Biomater. 2023;157:187-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.016. PMid:36521675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2022....
) |
3D biprinting |
biopolymers combinations |