Genetic divergence among accessions of <i>Manihot</i> spp.

The aim of this study was to perform a morphological and morphoagronomic analysis of wild Manihot species from a Brazilian semiarid region for inclusion in the collection at the Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba. To characterize the 55 accessions, 12 quantitative and 18 qualitative descriptors were used. A dissimilarity matrix was generated by Mahalanobis generalized distance (D²), and clusters were identified by the UPGMA method. It was possible to verify the formation of 8 dissimilar groups based on morphological characters and 5 groups based on morphometric characters, indicating the presence of genetic diversity among accessions. The evaluated morphometric variable with the greatest relative contribution was the length between the central lobe. Based on the dissimilarity matrix, the accessions 16 x 48 were the most genetically distant accessions, followed by 47 x 49. The accessions 4 Monteiro, 16 Soledad, 38 Boa Vista, 3 Pedra Lavrada, 7 Junco, 10 Barra de Santa Rosa, 21 Monteiro, and 39 Junco are the most promising and can be used as parents in breeding programs for this forage species.

Keywords:
germplasm bank; agronomic descriptors; morphological descriptors

Authorship

Ana Paula Gomes da Silva ^** Author for correspondence. E-mail: anazte@hotmail.com

Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, km 12, 58397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrazilAreia, Paraíba, BrazilDepartamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, km 12, 58397-000, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-0339

Divan Soares da Silva

Mailson Monteiro do Rêgo

Departamento de Ciência Biológica, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrazilAreia, Paraíba, BrazilDepartamento de Ciência Biológica, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.

Fleming Sena Campos

Alberício Pereira de Andrade

Elizanilda Ramalho do Rêgo

Departamento de Ciências Fundamentais e Sociais, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrazilAreia, Paraíba, Brazil Departamento de Ciências Fundamentais e Sociais, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.

* Author for correspondence. E-mail: anazte@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (4)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
UPGMA dendrogram obtained from the dissimilarity matrix (D2) of the 55 Manihot spp. accessions based on 12 morphological descriptors. The cophenetic correlation coefficient was 0.74. The dotted line represents the cutoff point based on the methodology proposed by (Mojena, 1977Mojena, R. (1977). Hierarchical grouping methods and stopping rules: an evaluation. The Computer Journal, 20, 359-363. DOI: 10.1093/comjnl/20.4.359
https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.4.359... ). Bootstrap values are expressed in percent for 100 repetitions.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
The averages of 18 morphometric characters evaluated in 55 accessions (Manihot spp.) AP = plant height; NGA = number of axillary buds; DMC = mean stem diameter (mm); NR = number of branches; NFolhas = number of leaves; NFL number of flowers, NRFL- number of floral bouquets; NFR = number of fruits; NFS = number of senescent leaves; CPF = leaf petiole length (cm); DBPF = diameter of the leaf petiole base (mm); DMPF = mean leaf petiole diameter (mm); DSPF = upper leaf petiole diameter (mm); CLC = central lobe length (cm); LMLC = median lobe width (cm); LSLC = upper lobe width (cm); CLMF = length between the leaf lobes (cm); CLBF = length between the leaf lobes. *Means followed by the same letter in the columns do not differ statistically from the genetic group by the Scott-Knott test at 5%.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Matrix of genetic dissimilarity obtained by the generalized Mahalanobis distance based on the morphometric characters of the 55 accessions of Manihot ssp. Areia, Paraíba State, Brazil.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
UPGMA dendrogram obtained from the dissimilarity matrix (D2) of the 55 Manihot spp. accessions based on 18 agronomic characters. The cophenetic correlation coefficient was 0.85. The dotted line represents the cutoff point based on the methodology proposed by (Mojena, 1977Mojena, R. (1977). Hierarchical grouping methods and stopping rules: an evaluation. The Computer Journal, 20, 359-363. DOI: 10.1093/comjnl/20.4.359
https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.4.359... ). Bootstrap values for 100 repetitions are expressed in percent.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Cophenetic correlation of 12 morphological characters evaluated in 55 accessions of Manihot spp.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Characteristics of the phenotype classes (morphology) evaluated and frequency of accessions in each class.

Thumbnail

Table 3
Relative contribution of traits to diversity (Singh, 1981Singh, D. (1981). The relative importance of characters affecting genetic divergence. The Indian Journal of Genetic and Plant Breeding, 41(2), 237-245.) based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance.

Thumbnail

Table 4
Cophenetic correlation of 18 morphoagronomic characters evaluated in the 55 accessions (Manihot spp.).

Figure 1 UPGMA dendrogram obtained from the dissimilarity matrix (D2) of the 55 Manihot spp. accessions based on 12 morphological descriptors. The cophenetic correlation coefficient was 0.74. The dotted line represents the cutoff point based on the methodology proposed by (Mojena, 1977Mojena, R. (1977). Hierarchical grouping methods and stopping rules: an evaluation. The Computer Journal, 20, 359-363. DOI: 10.1093/comjnl/20.4.359
https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.4.359... ). Bootstrap values are expressed in percent for 100 repetitions.

Figure 2 The averages of 18 morphometric characters evaluated in 55 accessions (Manihot spp.) AP = plant height; NGA = number of axillary buds; DMC = mean stem diameter (mm); NR = number of branches; NFolhas = number of leaves; NFL number of flowers, NRFL- number of floral bouquets; NFR = number of fruits; NFS = number of senescent leaves; CPF = leaf petiole length (cm); DBPF = diameter of the leaf petiole base (mm); DMPF = mean leaf petiole diameter (mm); DSPF = upper leaf petiole diameter (mm); CLC = central lobe length (cm); LMLC = median lobe width (cm); LSLC = upper lobe width (cm); CLMF = length between the leaf lobes (cm); CLBF = length between the leaf lobes. *Means followed by the same letter in the columns do not differ statistically from the genetic group by the Scott-Knott test at 5%.

Figure 3 Matrix of genetic dissimilarity obtained by the generalized Mahalanobis distance based on the morphometric characters of the 55 accessions of Manihot ssp. Areia, Paraíba State, Brazil.

Figure 4 UPGMA dendrogram obtained from the dissimilarity matrix (D2) of the 55 Manihot spp. accessions based on 18 agronomic characters. The cophenetic correlation coefficient was 0.85. The dotted line represents the cutoff point based on the methodology proposed by (Mojena, 1977Mojena, R. (1977). Hierarchical grouping methods and stopping rules: an evaluation. The Computer Journal, 20, 359-363. DOI: 10.1093/comjnl/20.4.359
https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.4.359... ). Bootstrap values for 100 repetitions are expressed in percent.

Table 1 Cophenetic correlation of 12 morphological characters evaluated in 55 accessions of Manihot spp.

Cophenetic correlation**	0.74
Degrees of freedom	1483
t-value**	41.83
Distortion (%):	4.79
Stress (%):	21.93

**Significant at p ≤ 0.01.

Table 2 Characteristics of the phenotype classes (morphology) evaluated and frequency of accessions in each class.

Feature	Phenotypic Classes	Number of accessions	Frequency of accessions (%)
Type of plant	1-Compact	1	1.82
	2- Open	14	25.45
	3- Sun Guard	12	21.82
	4- Cylindrical	28	50.91
Apical leaf color	1- Light green	4	7.27
	2- Dark green	50	90.91
	3- Green purple	1	1.82
Central lobe shape	1- Ovoid	3	5.45
	2- Elliptical-Lanceolate	3	5.45
	3-Obovate- Lanceolate	46	83.64
	4- Lanceolate	3	5.45
Rib color	1- Green	42	76.36
	2- Green with red in less than half of the lobe	13	23.64
Number of lobes	1- Three Lobes	4	7.27
	2- Five Lobes	47	85.45
	3- Seven lobes	3	5.45
	4- Nine Lobes	1	1.82
Growth habit	1- Straight	29	52.73
	2-Zig-zag	26	47.27
Color of terminal branches on adult plants	1- Green	28	50.91
	2- Green purple	26	47.27
	3- Purple	1	1.82
Branching levels	1-One	5	9.09
	2-Two	9	16.36
	3-Tree	6	10.91
	4- For	12	21.82
	5-≥ Five	23	41.82
Position of the petiole	1- inclined	29	52.73
	2- horizontal	26	47.27
Lengths of stipules	1- Short	55	100.00
	2- Long	0	0.00
Leaf lobe sinuosity	1- Smooth	38	69.09
	2- Winding	17	30.91
Petiole color of green leaf	1- Reddish Green	42	76.36
	2- Red	9	16.36
	3- Purple	4	7.27

Table 3 Relative contribution of traits to diversity (Singh, 1981Singh, D. (1981). The relative importance of characters affecting genetic divergence. The Indian Journal of Genetic and Plant Breeding, 41(2), 237-245.) based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance.

Variable	Value in %
Length between the central lobes (cm)	19.17
Number of axillary buds	19.06
Plant height	16.86
Median lobe width (cm)	13.44
Number of flowers	8.89
Upper diameter of leaf petiole (mm)	3.93
Number of sheets	3.01
Mean diameter of stem (mm)	2.51
Length of the medial lobe (cm)	2.20
Length of leaf petiole (cm)	2.19
Number of branches flower	2.12
Number of fruits	1.77
Number of senescent leaves	1.44
Length between basal leaf lobes (cm)	0.81
Upper lobe center width (cm)	0.79
Number of branches	0.68
Diameter of leaf petiole base (mm)	0.66
Mean diameter of leaf petiole (mm)	0.44

Table 4 Cophenetic correlation of 18 morphoagronomic characters evaluated in the 55 accessions (Manihot spp.).

Cophenetic correlation**	0.85
Degrees of freedom	1483
t-value**	61.68
Distortion (%)	11.42
Stress (%)	23.80

**Significant at p ≤ 0.01.

How to cite

copy

Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM Av. Colombo, 5790, bloco 40, 87020-900 - Maringá PR/ Brasil, Tel.: (55 44) 3011-4253, Fax: (55 44) 3011-1392 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: actaagron@uem.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Versão para download de PDF

PDF

Inglês

Versões e tradução automática

Versão original do texto

English

Tradução automática

Google Translator
Microsoft Translator

Como citar

RIS

BIBTEX

Outros formatos de citação e exportação:

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 1087 – 9º andar – Vila Clementino 04037-003 São Paulo/SP - Brasil
E-mail: scielo@scielo.org

Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

Métricas

Genetic divergence among accessions of <i>Manihot</i> spp.

PlumX

Mensagem

[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: anazte@hotmail.com