Yield potential of super sweet corn genotypes in progressive : breeding stages

This study aimed to present the advancements in different breeding stages of super sweet corn (SS), from heterotic field corn populations to the single-cross of SS. Two parental field corn populations, four backcrossed SS populations, four SS intervarietal hybrids (SS-IH), eighteen SS single hybrids (SS-SCH) and two controls were evaluated in two environments over two crop years. The SS-IH and SS-SCH categories presented the highest ear yield, and SS-SCH presented the highest ear yield without husk (11.3 t ha^-1). Although SS-SCH was the most productive category, it presented the lowest husk coverage quality. The ear yield and husk cover traits expressed the highest heterosis based on the midparents. The hybrid genotype categories (SS-SCH, SS-IH and controls) had the greatest ear length and diameter, as well as plant and ear height. It was possible to conclude that the techniques used to exploit heterosis are efficient in increasing SS yield but not husk coverage, since this trait requires productive parents. Single-crosses, such as LCSH-116 x LP8HS-129 and LCSH-116 x LP8HS-130, stood out as promising genotypes for registration since they recorded high husk coverage yield and quality.

Keywords:
heterosis; partial diallel; plant breeding; intervarietal hybrids; shrunken; single-cross

Authorship

Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves

Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque California, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroBrazilCampos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque California, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0103-7553

José Arantes Ferreira Júnior

Nayara Norrene Lacerda Durães

Jocarla Ambrosim Crevelari

Flávia Nicácio Viana

Messias Gonzaga Pereira

*Author for correspondence. E-mail: gabriel.agrobio@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (2)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1. Scheme
for obtaining the super sweet corn populations SH2-CIMMYT8, SH2-8HS-CIMMYT8, SH2-Piranão8, and SH2-8HS-Piranão8 from field corn populations Piranão and CIMMYT through eight cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection and backcrossing with the SDSH and SH8HS super sweet corn genotypes. Reproduced with permission from Gonçalves et al. (2018Gonçalves, G. M. B., Pereira, M. G., Ferreira Junior, J. A., Schwantes, I. A., Durães, N. N. L., Crevelari, J. A., & Amaral Júnior, A. T. (2018). Development and selection of super-sweet corn genotypes (sh2) through multivariate approaches. Bragantia, 77(4), 536-545. DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.2017340
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.201734... ).

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Figure 2. Mean
of genotypes grouped in the following categories: super sweet single hybrids (SS-SCH), super sweet backcrossed populations (SS-PB), super sweet intervarietal hybrids (SS-IH), field corn parental populations (FC-P) and commercial hybrids (Control), for eight traits evaluated in two different environments (Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro State and Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) in two different crop years (2016/2017 and 2017/2018).

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Table 1. Summary
of the joint variance analysis and genetic statistical parameters of eight variables evaluated in super sweet and field corn genotypes in two different environments (Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro State and Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) in two crop years (2016/2017 and 2017/2018).

Thumbnail

Table 2. Means
of eight variables evaluated in super sweet and field corn genotypes from two different locations (Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro State and Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) in two crop years (2016/2017 and 2017/2018).

Thumbnail

Table 3. Percentage
of heterosis in genotypes of super sweet corn from the SS-IH and SS-SCH groups, calculated using the mean of parental genotypes from SS-PB for each population combination.

Figure 1. Scheme for obtaining the super sweet corn populations SH2-CIMMYT8, SH2-8HS-CIMMYT8, SH2-Piranão8, and SH2-8HS-Piranão8 from field corn populations Piranão and CIMMYT through eight cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection and backcrossing with the SDSH and SH8HS super sweet corn genotypes. Reproduced with permission from Gonçalves et al. (2018Gonçalves, G. M. B., Pereira, M. G., Ferreira Junior, J. A., Schwantes, I. A., Durães, N. N. L., Crevelari, J. A., & Amaral Júnior, A. T. (2018). Development and selection of super-sweet corn genotypes (sh2) through multivariate approaches. Bragantia, 77(4), 536-545. DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.2017340
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.201734... ).

Figure 2. Mean of genotypes grouped in the following categories: super sweet single hybrids (SS-SCH), super sweet backcrossed populations (SS-PB), super sweet intervarietal hybrids (SS-IH), field corn parental populations (FC-P) and commercial hybrids (Control), for eight traits evaluated in two different environments (Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro State and Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) in two different crop years (2016/2017 and 2017/2018).

Table 1. Summary of the joint variance analysis and genetic statistical parameters of eight variables evaluated in super sweet and field corn genotypes in two different environments (Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro State and Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) in two crop years (2016/2017 and 2017/2018).

SOV		MS
SOV	DF	EY	EYu	PRL	HSK	EL	ED	EH	PH
Block (Location x Year)	12	4.31	2.24	0.05^**	0.14	0.83	6.59	0.011	0.033^**
Location (L)	1	0.12	0.29	0.75^**	1.38^**	14.14^**	133.7^**	3.75^**	5.327^**
Year (Y)	1	662.33^**	221.64^**	1.18^**	3.97^**	418.4^**	90.83^**	2.41^**	4.848^**
L x Y	1	183.53^**	99.38^**	0.03	0.82^**	4.16^*	64.21^**	0.05^*	0.49
Genotypes (G)	29	122.47^**	88.68^**	0.31^**	4.88^**	16.15^**	148.9^**	0.26^**	0.336^**
SS-SCH	17	55.36^**	46.09^**	0.36^**	3.81^**	4.59^**	84.59^**	0.14^**	0.068^**
SS-PB	3	59.26^**	20.79^**	0.02	0.32^*	6.52^**	29.39^**	0.13^**	0.109^**
SS-IH	3	17.47	10.81^*	0.06	0.58^**	2.65^*	33.83^**	0.03^*	0.050^*
FC-P	1	9.39	5.20	0.10	0.45^*	17.85^**	4.01	0.11^**	0.056
Control	1	4.96	28.66^**	0.17	0.01	2.21	859.4^**	1.08^**	0.778^**
Categories	4	590.28^**	412.87^**	0.60^**	18.50^**	84.81^**	456.8^**	0.87^**	1.823^**
G x L	29	20.18^**	9.65^**	0.10^**	0.14	2.24^**	9.59^*	0.013	0.016
SS-SCH x L	17	18.62^**	9.87^**	0.05	0.15	1.48	7.24	0.011	0.016
SS-PB x L	3	12.90^*	5.77^*	0.02	0.06	2.77^*	2.27	0.011	0.031^*
SS-IH x L	3	13.98	3.11	0.05	0.30^*	0.51	15.86	0.009	0.011
FC-P x L	1	0.135	0.47	0.01	0.10	0.69	5.16	0.006	0.012
Control x L	1	3.37	1.61	0.02	0.21	0.02	40.50^*	0.010	0.001
Categories x L	4	46.88^**	21.32^**	0.28^**	0.05	6.56^**	13.05	0.025^*	0.015
G x Y	29	12.89^*	6.06^*	0.09^*	0.35^**	2.70^**	7.42	0.013	0.029^*
SS-SCH x Y	17	10.11	6.81^**	0.13^**	0.39^**	1.06	5.25	0.012	0.019
SS-PB x Y	3	8.13	4.18	0.04	0.06	0.18	4.39	0.014	0.024
SS-IH x Y	3	19.95^*	4.79	0.01	0.29^*	2.50^*	11.76	0.005	0.014
FC-P x Y	1	0.924	0.50	0.02	0.06	0.003	17.36	0.0004	0.001
Control x Y	1	22.68	6.01	0.03	0.03	4.06^*	32.32^*	0.012	0.0002
Categories x Y	4	21.91^*	6.22	0.03	0.62^**	11.47^**	7.06	0.023	0.098^**
G x L x Y	29	10.73^*	5.18^*	0.03	0.18^*	1.22	6.18	0.012	0.015
SS-SCH x L x Y	17	9.63	5.51	0.05	0.22^**	0.75	3.98	0.014	0.016
SS-PB x L x Y	3	12.32^*	4.01	0.01	0.04	1.99^*	0.13	0.024^*	0.028^*
SS-IH x L x Y	3	3.74	1.11^*	0.01	0.05	0.28	1.68	0.005	0.010
FC-P x L x Y	1	10.92	3.15	<0.01	0.21	3.57	14.72	0.001	0.002
Control x L x Y	1	22.77	11.03	<0.01	0.45^*	0.66	60.72^**	0.0002	0.003
Categories x L x Y	4	17.45^*	7.49	0.06	0.16	2.82^*	7.96	0.006	0.0067
Error	348	7.29	3.23	0.049	0.099	0.951	6.541	0.0098	0.015
Total	479
CVe (%)		17.78	17.83	18.58	18.28	5.80	5.36	7.34	5.37
CVg (%)		17.67	22.93	10.73	31.78	5.80	6.26	9.33	6.21
VI		0.99	1.29	0.58	1.74	1.00	1.17	1.27	1.16
H²		0.940	0.963	0.842	0.979	0.941	0.956	0.962	0.955

SOV - Source of variation; MS - Mean square; Loc - Locations; DF - Degrees of freedom; EY - Ear yield with husk (ton.ha^-1); EYu - Unhusked ear yield (ton.ha^-1); PRL - Prolificacy; HSK - Husk coverage; EL - Ear length (cm); ED - Ear diameter (mm); EH - Ear height; PH - Plant height; CVe - Experimental coefficient of variation; CVg - Genetic coefficient of variation; VI - Variation index; H² - Genotypic determination coefficient.

Table 2. Means of eight variables evaluated in super sweet and field corn genotypes from two different locations (Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro State and Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) in two crop years (2016/2017 and 2017/2018).

Genotype	EY	EYu	PRL	HSK	EL	ED	EH	PH
Super sweet corn single hybrids
LCSH 113 x LP8HS 125	16.9	11.2	1.6	2.71	16.5	45.9	1.36	2.28
LCSH 113 x LP8HS 129	18.6	12.6	1.3	2.31	18.1	49.0	1.38	2.23
LCSH 113 x LP8HS 130	17.0	10.5	1.2	1.93	17.6	48.3	1.48	2.34
LCSH 113 x LPSH 134	17.7	13.1	1.4	2.36	17.2	49.5	1.46	2.48
LCSH 113 x LPSH 139	20.1	14.2	1.4	2.71	17.2	50.0	1.38	2.40
LCSH 113 x LPSH 140	18.2	12.7	1.3	2.59	17.9	51.2	1.44	2.38
LCSH 116 x LP8HS 125	16.7	12.5	1.3	2.39	16.9	50.2	1.46	2.38
LCSH 116 x LP8HS 129	16.9	12.5	1.1	1.66	18.0	51.6	1.49	2.38
LCSH 116 x LP8HS 130	19.0	12.5	1.1	1.63	18.0	52.8	1.62	2.52
LCSH 116 x LPSH 134	14.6	11.3	1.1	2.19	16.7	49.1	1.33	2.39
LCSH 116 x LPSH 139	16.7	11.9	1.1	2.21	16.8	51.7	1.27	2.38
LCSH 116 x LPSH 140	16.5	11.9	1.0	1.93	17.1	51.9	1.37	2.37
LCSH 119 x LP8HS 125	16.4	10.7	1.3	2.63	17.7	46.1	1.46	2.40
LCSH 119 x LP8HS 129	12.8	8.2	1.3	1.14	17.4	46.9	1.42	2.37
LCSH 119 x LP8HS 130	13.2	7.3	1.1	1.23	16.6	46.5	1.56	2.42
LCSH 119 x LPSH 134	14.3	9.9	1.2	1.90	17.0	46.1	1.36	2.44
LCSH 119 x LPSH 139	16.0	10.3	1.1	1.60	16.8	47.1	1.23	2.36
LCSH 119 x LPSH 140	16.5	10.8	1.2	1.59	17.8	46.8	1.34	2.37
Super sweet corn parental populations
PSH	7.7	4.9	1.0	1.21	15.0	45.4	1.09	2.04
P8HS	10.5	6.5	1.1	1.06	14.8	43.8	1.27	2.16
CSH	12.3	7.6	1.1	1.39	16.0	45.8	1.26	2.10
C8HS	10.1	6.0	1.0	1.34	14.7	42.9	1.13	1.98
Super sweet corn interpopulation hybrids
CSH x PSH	16.5	10.6	1.2	1.54	17.6	48.3	1.30	2.25
C8HS x PSH	14.0	8.8	1.2	1.31	17.0	46.8	1.29	2.15
CSH x P8HS	15.9	10.3	1.2	1.15	16.7	47.8	1.38	2.27
C8HS x P8HS	15.7	9.6	1.1	1.15	17.3	45.0	1.37	2.26
Field corn parental populations
PIRANÃO8	13.0	7.5	1.2	1.00	14.4	42.6	1.28	2.12
CIMMYT8	11.9	6.7	1.1	1.24	15.9	43.3	1.15	2.03
Controls
UENF506 - 11	15.1	8.8	1.2	1.24	16.5	43.0	1.43	2.36
Tropical Plus	14.3	10.8	1.0	1.20	17.0	53.4	1.06	2.05
Mean	14.7	9.8	1.1	1.22	16.7	48.2	1.24	2.20
General mean	15.18	10.08	1.19	1.72	16.81	47.65	1.34	2.29
LSD (T test at 5%)	1.89	1.26	0.15	0.22	0.68	1.79	0.07	0.09

EY - Ear yield with husk (t ha^-1); EYu - Unhusked ear yield (t ha^-1); PRL - Prolificacy; HSK - Husk coverage; EL - Ear length (cm); ED - Ear diameter (mm); EH - Ear height; PH - Plant height; LSD - Least significant difference.

Table 3. Percentage of heterosis in genotypes of super sweet corn from the SS-IH and SS-SCH groups, calculated using the mean of parental genotypes from SS-PB for each population combination.

Genotype	EY	EYu	PRL	HSK	EL	ED	EH	PH
LCSH 113 x LP8HS 125	48.3	58.6	49.7	121.9	6.9	2.5	7.8	6.9
LCSH 113 x LP8HS 129	63.1	79.7	22.3	87.7	17.7	9.5	8.7	4.5
LCSH 113 x LP8HS 130	49.2	47.9	11.8	57.5	14.1	7.7	17.2	9.9
LCSH 116 x LP8HS 125	46.1	77.2	22.0	95.3	9.9	12.0	15.5	11.7
LCSH 116 x LP8HS 129	50.4	80.4	5.1	36.0	16.5	15.3	17.2	11.9
LCSH 116 x LP8HS 130	67.2	77.5	-2.2	32.9	16.5	17.9	27.8	18.4
LCSH 119 x LP8HS 125	43.6	51.6	22.8	114.8	15.1	2.8	15.6	12.5
LCSH 119 x LP8HS 129	14.1	17.1	21.4	-7.7	13.6	4.4	12.1	11.1
LCSH 119 x LP8HS 130	15.9	3.7	4.0	0.2	7.4	3.9	22.9	13.4
LCSH 113 x LPHS 134	77.7	109.2	36.6	81.7	10.6	8.6	24.3	20.0
LCSH 113 x LPHS 139	101.2	126.1	33.3	108.6	10.8	9.8	17.5	15.8
LCSH 113 x LPHS 140	82.1	103.3	23.5	99.0	15.1	12.2	22.1	14.8
LCSH 116 x LPHS 134	45.8	79.8	2.9	68.2	7.6	7.8	12.7	15.3
LCSH 116 x LPHS 139	65.5	87.9	6.8	69.2	8.1	13.3	7.9	15.0
LCSH 116 x LPHS 140	65.1	90.1	-1.7	48.0	10.0	13.8	16.3	14.5
LCSH 119 x LPHS 134	43.4	58.2	13.5	46.1	9.2	1.2	15.1	17.9
LCSH 119 x LPHS 139	59.8	64.5	10.3	23.0	8.2	3.4	4.8	14.2
LCSH 119 x LPHS 140	65.1	72.6	18.2	22.1	14.9	2.7	13.9	14.7
CSH x PSH	65.2	69.9	16.8	18.2	13.3	5.9	10.9	8.7
C8HS x PSH	58.5	61.6	15.3	2.9	14.2	6.1	16.2	7.0
CSH x P8HS	40.9	47.6	15.3	-6.3	8.3	6.9	10.0	7.1
C8HS x P8HS	51.8	52.3	4.5	-4.1	17.2	3.6	13.7	8.8
F - Test	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001
LSD (T)	18.23	20.10	14.22	17.85	4.31	3.77	5.39	3.96
CVe(%)	47.5	42.2	128.5	50.7	51.9	69.9	51.9	45.9

EY - Ear yield with husk (t ha^-1); EYu - Unhusked ear yield (t ha^-1); PRL - Prolificacy; HSK - Husk coverage; EL - Ear length (cm); ED - Ear diameter (mm); EH - Ear height; PH - Plant height.

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Yield potential of super sweet corn genotypes in progressive : breeding stages

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail: gabriel.agrobio@gmail.com