Cultivo de maxixeiro em meio salino a partir de sementes tratadas com bioestimulante

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação do bioestimulante em sementes de maxixeiro, cultivar Liso de Calcutá, em condições de estresse salino. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em parcelas subdivididas, a parcela principal representada por dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,5 e 3,5 dS m^-1) e a subparcela composta por cinco doses de bioestimulante aplicados via tratamento de sementes (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 mL kg^-1)^, em cinco repetições. Avaliaram-se as seguintes variáveis: número de folhas, número de ramos, comprimento do maior ramo, massa seca de folhas, caule, frutos e total, número de frutos, massa média de frutos e produção de frutos. A salinidade da água de irrigação reduziu todas as variáveis analisadas, independente da dose de bioestimulante; o uso de bioestimulante, na ausência do estresse salino, proporcionou aumento do número de folhas, ramos, comprimento do maior ramo e do acúmulo de biomassa. O bioestimulante não é eficiente para reduzir o efeito da salinidade sobre a produção de maxixeiro, mas aumentou a produção de frutos, independente da salinidade.

Palavras-chave:
Cucumis anguria; olericultura; estresse salino; biorregulador

Autoria

Maria Lilia de Souza Neta

Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, 59625-900, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-ÁridoBrazilMossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilCentro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, 59625-900, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

Francisco de Assis de Oliveira

Salvador Barros Torres ^**Author for correspondence. E-mail: sbtorres@ufersa.edu.br

Antonia Adailha Torres Souza

Dennis Darkyan Almeida da Silva

Sandy Thomaz dos Santos

*Author for correspondence. E-mail: sbtorres@ufersa.edu.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (3)

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Figure 2
Number of leaves (A); number of secondary branches (B); length of the largest branch (C); and the leaf (D), stem (E), fruit (F), and total dry matter (G) of gherkin plants, cultivar Liso de Calcutá, grown from seeds treated with different doses of biostimulant and cultivated under conditions of salt stress.

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Figure 3
Number of fruits per plant (A), average fruit weight (B), and fruit production (C) in gherkin, cultivar Liso de Calcutá, grown from seeds treated with different doses of biostimulant under conditions of salt stress.

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Table 1
Chemical characteristics of the soil used in the experiment.

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Table 2
Summary of the results of the analyses of variance and the mean values for the number of leaves (NL); number of secondary branches (NSB); largest branch length (LBL); leaf (LDM), stem (SDM), and fruit dry matter (FDM); and the total dry matter (TDM) of gherkin, cultivar Liso de Calcutá, using seeds treated with different doses of biostimulant and grown under conditions of salt stress.

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Table 3
Summary of the results of the analyses of variance and the average number of fruits per plant (NF), average fruit weight (AFW) and production (PROD) of gherkin, cultivar Liso de Calcutá, grown from seeds treated with different doses of biostimulant under conditions of salt stress.

Figure 2 Number of leaves (A); number of secondary branches (B); length of the largest branch (C); and the leaf (D), stem (E), fruit (F), and total dry matter (G) of gherkin plants, cultivar Liso de Calcutá, grown from seeds treated with different doses of biostimulant and cultivated under conditions of salt stress.

Figure 3 Number of fruits per plant (A), average fruit weight (B), and fruit production (C) in gherkin, cultivar Liso de Calcutá, grown from seeds treated with different doses of biostimulant under conditions of salt stress.

Table 1 Chemical characteristics of the soil used in the experiment.

pH	EC	P	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	(H+Al)	SB	T	CTC	V	M	PST
	dS m^-1	----mg dm^-3 ----			----------------------- cmol_c dm^-3 ------------------------				------ % -------			V	M	PST
6.18	0.06	5.23	44.52	8.61	1.62	1.88	0.0	1.32	3.65	3.65	4.97	73	0.0	1.0

*pH, in water, ratio 1:2.5, N = total nitrogen obtained by the sum of N-NO₃ ^- and N-NH₄ ⁺ contents, OM = organic matter, P, K and Na extracted using Mehlich-1, N, Ca, Mg, Al and M extracted using KCl 1N.

Table 2 Summary of the results of the analyses of variance and the mean values for the number of leaves (NL); number of secondary branches (NSB); largest branch length (LBL); leaf (LDM), stem (SDM), and fruit dry matter (FDM); and the total dry matter (TDM) of gherkin, cultivar Liso de Calcutá, using seeds treated with different doses of biostimulant and grown under conditions of salt stress.

Sources of variation	GL	Average squares
Sources of variation	GL	NL	NSB	LBL	LDM	SDM	FDM	TDM
Salinity (S)	1	121228.9**	38.72**	0.32**	21.41**	807.30**	6535.67**	12967.58**
Resídue - 1	8	653.74	0.85	0.03	1.73	0.89	15.24	10.65
Biostimulant (B)	4	9995.0**	12.73**	0.02^ns	33.38**	11.40**	18.06*	123.35**
S X B	4	14581.9**	11.47**	0.23**	10.48**	11.20**	36.06**	71.39**
Resídue - 2	32	658.74	1.85	0.02	1.97	2.69	5.06	9.36
CV 1(%)		9.16	9.85	11.24	8.71	7.25	18.83	6.68
CV 2 (%)		9.19	14.53	9.56	9.29	12.61	10.86	6.26
Doses of Biostimulant (mL kg^-1 of seeds)	Salinity dS m^-1	Test of averages
Doses of Biostimulant (mL kg^-1 of seeds)	Salinity dS m^-1	NL	NSB	LBL (m)	LDM (g)	SDM (g)	FDM (g)	TDM (g)
0	0.5	269.4 a#	9.8 a	1.27 b	12.35 a	14.78 a	29.65 a	56.77 a
0	3.5	235.8 b	6.0 b	1.51 a	11.61 a	8.56 b	8.72 b	28.88 b
5	0.5	419.2 a	10.4 a	1.51 a	16.37 a	16.17 a	31.21 a	63.75 a
5	3.5	247.6 b	8.8 a	1.42 b	16.92 a	10.05 b	9.82 b	36.79 b
10	0.5	264.6 a	11.6 a	1.49 a	15.92 a	20.05 a	31.13 a	67.10 a
10	3.5	259.4 a	9.2 b	1.42 a	16.36 a	9.13 b	10.60 b	36.10 b
15	0.5	332.2 a	11.8 a	1.60 a	17.46 a	17.85 a	31.19 a	66.49 a
15	3.5	218.2 b	9.0 b	1.32 b	13.30 b	8.32 b	9.31 b	30.94 b
20	0.5	356.8 a	7.6 b	1.80 a	16.71 a	16.21 a	37.66 a	70.56 a
20	3.5	188.8 b	9.4 a	1.21 b	14.12 b	8.82 b	8.06 b	30.91 b

^ns, ** and * non significant, significant at 5 and 1% probability, by T test. # Averages followed by the same letter in columns, per salinity, did not differ by Tukey test (p < 0.05).

Table 3 Summary of the results of the analyses of variance and the average number of fruits per plant (NF), average fruit weight (AFW) and production (PROD) of gherkin, cultivar Liso de Calcutá, grown from seeds treated with different doses of biostimulant under conditions of salt stress.

Sources of variation	GL	Average squares
Sources of variation	GL	NF	AFW	PROD
Salinity (S)	1	1607.45**	875.38**	1648590.24**
Resídue - 1	8	1.41	1.66	645.94
Biostimulant (B)	4	7.57**	12.49**	6668.01**
S X B	4	2.01*	14.65**	622.45^n.s
Resídue - 2	32	0.64	1.69	841.24
CV 1(%)		8.08	6.11	7.60
CV 2 (%)		5.44	6.16	8.67
Doses of Biostimulant (mL kg^-1 of seeds)	Salinity dS m^-1	Test of averages
Doses of Biostimulant (mL kg^-1 of seeds)	Salinity dS m^-1	NF	AFW(g fruit^-1)	PROD(g plant^-1)
0	0.5	19.20 a#	25.66 a	492.42 a
0	3.5	9.40 b	14.39 b	132.79 b
5	0.5	20.00 a	26.46 a	523.77 a
5	3.5	8.10 b	18.66 b	151.33 b
10	0.5	21.80 a	24.77 a	540.32 a
10	3.5	10.50 b	19.24 b	201.65 b
15	0.5	20.80 a	23.88 a	533.88 a
15	3.5	9.00 b	17.07 b	153.53 b
20	0.5	20.10 a	25.60 a	489.25 a
20	3.5	8.20 b	15.17 b	124.53 b

^ns,** and * non significant, significant at 5 and 1% probability, by T test. # Averages followed by the same letter in columns, per salinity, did not differ by Tukey test (p < 0.05).

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Cultivo de maxixeiro em meio salino a partir de sementes tratadas com bioestimulante

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail: sbtorres@ufersa.edu.br