Quality of milk fat obtained from cows and buffaloes fed a diet supplemented with flaxseed or soybean oils

Shazly, Ahmed Behdal; Hassan, Laila Khaled; Kholif, Abd El-Kader Mahmoud; Sayed, Ahmed Farouk; El-Aziz, Mahmoud Abd

doi:10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.58482

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RUMINANT NUTRITION • Acta Sci., Anim. Sci. 45 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.58482 copy

Quality of milk fat obtained from cows and buffaloes fed a diet supplemented with flaxseed or soybean oils

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT.

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the quality of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) of cows and buffaloes supplemented with flaxseed oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), or their mixture (FSO). Lactating crossbred cows and buffaloes were fed with control diet or with one of three supplements: 2% FO, 2% SO, and 2% FSO according to a double 4 x 4 Latin Square Design. The diets with FO, SO, or FSO reduced saturated FA, mainly C4:0, C14:0 and C16:0, while increased the unsaturated FA C18:1 and C18:2 in milk from cows and buffaloes. Cholesterol content decreased in cow's AMF while increased in buffalo's AMF when a diet supplemented with FO, SO, or FSO. The diet with SO or FSO increased the content of vitamin E in AMF obtained from cows (25.06 and 17.89 mg 100 g^-1) and buffaloes (28.48 and 30.32 mg 100 g^-1) compared with the control diet (11.02 and 15.68 mg 100 g^-1), respectively, which correlated positively with scavenging activity for DPPH• (r² = 0.66) and ABTS^• (r² = 0.67) radicals. Solid fat content (SFC) was high for cow’s AMF, with 58.12-60.37% at 5°C compared to that of buffalo's AMF, with 52.37-56.98%, but was low for cow's AMF at >15°C. Finally, supplementing a diet with vegetable oils, particularly SO, improves the quality of AMF; increases USFA/SFA ratio, vitamin E content, and antioxidant activities.

Keywords:
anhydrous milk fat; flaxseed and soybean oils; fatty acid profile; vitamin E; radical scavenging activities; solid fat content

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: abehdal@yahoo.com

	Berseem	CFM
Roughage: Concentrate ratio	0.6	0.4
Chemical composition (g 100g^-1 DM)
Dry matter	91.2	91.4
Ash	31.6	14.9
Organic matter	88.4	85.2
Crude protein	12.3	15.9
Ether extract	2.89	5.04
Crude fiber	2.66	18.12
Nitrogen free extract	39.0	46.1

Fatty acids	Cow's AMF				Buffalo's AMF
Fatty acids	CD	DFO	DSO	DFSO	CD	DFO	DSO	DFSO
Saturated fatty acids (%)
C₄	2.45	2.34	2.38	1.69	3.79	3.54	2.26	2.00
C₆	1.57	1.44	1.54	1.60	1.77	1.48	1.03	0.92
C₈	0.97	0.92	0.96	0.96	0.76	0.58	0.44	0.41
C₁₀	2.66	2.48	2.62	2.52	1.26	0.97	0.83	0.80
C₁₂	2.43	2.22	2.36	2.21	1.80	1.46	1.33	1.31
C₁₃	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.06
C₁₄	9.28	8.60	8.95	8.56	8.78	7.11	7.14	6.99
C₁₅	1.51	1.30	1.29	1.36	1.16	1.05	1.10	1.09
C₁₆	25.0^ab	20.9^b	22.2^b	22.0^b	27.9^a	22.4^b	21.9^b	21.9^b
C₁₇	1.11	1.08	0.98	0.94	0.82	0.75	0.77	0.82
C₁₈	14.7^d	16.5^bcd	16.1^cd	15.8^cd	15.4^d	19.5^a	18.0^abc	19.2^ab
C₂₀	0.51	0.71	0.50	0.63	0.32	0.44	0.41	0.54
C₂₂	0.20	0.21	0.19	0.21	0.16	0.16	0.18	0.22
Unknown	2.21	1.49	1.47	1.61	1.94	2.43	2.28	1.77
Total	64.8^ab	60.3^cd	61.6^bc	60.2^cd	65.9^a	61.9^bc	57.7^cd	58.1^cd
Unsaturated fatty acids (%)
C_14:1	0.49	0.41	0.46	0.43	0.38	0.23	0.29	0.27
C_15:1	0.40	0.36	0.32	0.36	0.30	0.28	0.28	0.28
C_16:1	1.21	0.95	0.98	1.05	1.26	0.93	0.92	0.89
C_17:1	0.34	0.36	0.25	0.28	0.25	0.19	0.22	0.22
C_18:1	27.0^c	29.4^bc	29.4^bc	30.3^bc	27.7^c	31.4^ab	34.5^a	34.2^a
C_18:1T	0.52	0.41	0.65	0.74	0.81	1.15	1.27	1.43
C_20:1	0.09	0.22	0.27	0.15	0.21	0.27	0.28	0.12
C_18:2	3.85	5.60	4.22	4.68	1.91	1.85	2.17	2.41
C_18:3	0.79	1.29	0.86	0.98	0.29	0.53	0.41	0.51
C_18:4	0.54	0.69	0.98	0.89	0.99	1.21	1.98	1.62
Total	35.2	39.7	38.4	39.8	34.1	38.1	42.3	41.9
PUFA	5.18bc	7.58a	6.06a	6.55a	3.19c	3.59c	4.56bc	4.54bc
USFA/SFA	0.54^b	0.66^a	0.62^ab	0.66^a	0.52^b	0.62^ab	0.73^a	0.72²a

Temperature (°C)	Cow's AMF				Buffaloes' AMF
Temperature (°C)	CD	DFO	DSO	DFSO	CD	DFO	DSO	DFSO
5	60.37^a±3.32	58.12^ab±1.2	58.31^ab±0.71	58.85^ab±1.34	52.37^b±3.53	55.98^ab±4.38	54.58^ab±0.99	56.98^ab±4.24
15	41.21^a±3.18	39.53^ab±0.78	39.58^ab±2.05	40.95^ab±1.26	36.35^b±3.39	39.11^ab±1.06	38.07^ab±0.92	40.12^ab±2.61
25	14.99^a±1.41	15.00^a±2.12	15.00^a±0.84	15.51^a ±1.55	16.18^a±1.20	19.97^a±1.22	17.00^a±0.85	19.41^a ±0.94
35	1.99^a±0.56	1.88^a±0.42	2.10^a±0.37	2.00^a ±0.42	4.03^a±0.49	6.11^a±1.27	4.17^a±0.35	5.44^a ±0.77

Items	Cow's AMF				Buffalo's AMF
Items	CD	DFO	DSO	DFSO	CD	DFO	DSO	DFSO
Acid value (mg KOH g^-1)	0.31^b ±0.08	0.34^b ±0.01	0.35^b±0.06	0.33^b ±0.06	0.40^ab±0.01	0.48^a±0.08	0.39^ab±0.04	0.49^a ±0.05
Peroxide value (mEq Kg^-1)	0.63^a ±0.12	0.44^ab±0.11	0.41^ab±015	0.45^ab±0.06	0.58^a ±0.11	0.43^ab±0.07	065^a ±0.14	0.25^b ±0.04
Radical-scavenging activities (%)
DPPH^• radicals	15.32^b±1.0	17.54^ab±1.5	20.11^ab±2.6	18.15^ab±3.2	14.54^b±3.5	15.60^ab±3.2	16.25^b±1.6	22.27^a±3.0
ABTS^• radicals	23.20^c±2.7	25.28^c±2.0	45.82^a±1.8	42.07^a±3.6	16.92^c±2.0	18.53^c±2.8	47.45^a±3.4	32.08^bc±1.7