Proximal and mineral composition of native fish species from Amazonas, Brazil

Souza, Antônio Fábio Lopes de; Silva, Antonio José Inhamuns da; Barai, Alexandre Augusto; Rufino, João Paulo Ferreira; Costa, Tiago Viana da

doi:10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.61884

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AQUACULTURE • Acta Sci., Anim. Sci. 45 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.61884 copy

Proximal and mineral composition of native fish species from Amazonas, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT.

For decades, researches were developed about the diversity of fishes in the Amazon basin and their consumption by the people. In this context, an important gap identified was a lack of information about the nutritional composition of some of the main Amazon fish species consumed and traded. Front this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and mineral content of filets from 10 fish species with the highest landing volume in Amazonas State. The fish species selected were curimatã, jaraqui, mapará, matrinxã, pacu, piramutaba, sardinha, surubim, tambaqui and tucunaré. Were collected 20 samples (fishes) from each species according to the hydrological cycles of the region (20 samples in the flood and 20 samples in drought). Ten fish samples were processed to determine the proximal composition and 10 fish samples were used to determine mineral content (macro and micro minerals). The proximal composition of fish species analysed varied widely between species and seasons, with an emphasis on moisture and lipid content. Fishes in the flood season presented higher content of nutrients than drought season. This result also was observed in the minerals profile, where fishes in the flood season presented the highest (p < 0.05) minerals content.

Keywords:
Amazon; chemical composition; freshwater fish; mineral content

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: fabiofish@ufam.edu.br

Order*	Family**	Usual name	Scientific name	Ranking of landing^***
CHA	Prochi	Jaraqui	Semaprochilodus insignis	15,368 ton. (1^st)
	Prochi	Curimatã	Prochilodus nigricans	6,212 ton. (2^nd)
	Charac	Pacu manteiga	Mylossoma duriventre	6,012 ton. (3^rd)
		Matrinxã	Brycon amazonicus	2,986 ton. (5^th)
		Tambaqui	Colossoma macropomum	2,596 ton. (6^th)
		Sardinha	Triportheus auritus	2,111 ton. (8^th)
SIL	Pimelo	Mapará	Hypophythalmus edentates	2,104 ton. (9^th)
		Piramutaba	Brachyplatystoma vaillantii	3,326 ton. (4^th)
		Surubim	Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum	1,952 ton. (10^th)
PER	Cichli	Tucunaré	Cichla monoculus	2,115 ton. (7^th)

Fish species	HC¹	Variables²
Fish species	HC¹	MO, %	CP, %	FT, %	AS, %	CHO, %
Curimatã	Flood	74.51^b±0.55	20.44^a±0.39	3.55^a±0.02	1.03^a±0.09	0.47^b
Curimatã	Drought	76.69^a±0.26	18.85^b±0.64	2.57^b±0.02	0.92^b±0.07	0.97^a
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Jaraqui	Flood	75.24^b±0,65	20.19^a±0.50	2.64^a±0.28	1.20^a±0.27	0.73^b
Jaraqui	Drought	78.21^a±0.28	18.29^b±0.32	1.65^b±0.08	0.85^b±0.03	1.00^a
		*	*	*	*	*
Mapará	Flood	56.54^b±3.06	15.29^a±0.55	26.90^a±0.12	1.14^a±0.06	0.13^b
Mapará	Drought	65.03^a±0.65	14.23^b±0.21	19.63^b±0.44	0.93^b±0.02	0.18^a
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Matrinxã	Flood	71.51±0.49	18.39^b±0.21	8.53^a±0.79	1.08^a±0.05	0.49^a
Matrinxã	Drought	71.80±1.51	25.50^a±1.01	1.75^b±0.01	0.88^b±0.01	0.07^b
Effect		ns	*	*	*	*
Pacu	Flood	68.96^b±1.12	19.43±1.71	9.67^a±0.34	0.90±0.05	0.04^b
Pacu	Drought	74.29^a±1.28	19.43±0.33	4.63^b±0.73	0.90±0.02	0.75^a
Effect		*	ns	*	ns	*
Piramutaba	Flood	74.58^b±0.77	18.37±0.12	5.67^a±0.50	0.82±0.02	0.56^a
Piramutaba	Drought	77.67^a±1.46	18.63±0.08	2.64^b±0.12	0.85±0.01	0.21^b
Effect		*	ns	*	ns	*
Sardinha	Flood	73.52^b±2.31	20.54^a±0.34	4.76^a±0.32	1.06^a±0.07	0.12^b
Sardinha	Drought	79.60^a±0.16	15.22^b±0.18	2.23^b±0.07	0.77^b±0.02	0.18^a
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Surubim	Flood	80.11±0.87	16.38^b±0.19	2.63^a±0.02	0.75±0.01	0.13^b
Surubim	Drought	80.07±0.10	17.08^a±0.13	1.59^b±0.05	0.80±0.04	0.46^a
Effect		ns	*	*	ns	*
Tambaqui	Flood	77.94^b±0.49	17.88±0.29	2.10^a±0.04	1.03^a±0.01	1.05^a
Tambaqui	Drought	79.86^a±1.41	17.80±0.15	1.22^b±0.23	0.89^b±0.01	0.23^b
Effect		*	ns	*	*	*
Tucunaré	Flood	76.08^b±0.61	21.04^a±0.07	1.11^a±0.03	1.01±0.09	0.76
Tucunaré	Drought	77.59^a±0.46	19.60^b±0,29	1.02^b±0.04	1.05±0.01	0.74
Effect		*	*	*	ns	ns

Fish species	HC¹	Variables²
Fish species	HC¹	Ca, %	Mg, %	P, %	K, %	Na, %
Curimatã	Flood	0.33±0.02^b	33.81±1.16^a	0.48±0.00^b	0.63±0.02^b	0.04±0.00^a
Curimatã	Drought	1.07±0.02^a	0.06±0.00^b	1.85±0.00^a	0.96±0.01^a	0.02±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Jaraqui	Flood	0.33±0.02^b	34.62±0.13^a	0.52±0.00^b	0.57±0.03^b	0.04±0.00^a
Jaraqui	Drought	0.72±0.02^a	0.06±0.00^b	1.85±0.00^a	0.74±0.01^a	0.02±0.00^b
		*	*	*	*	*
Mapará	Flood	0.77±0.07^a	34.42±0.21^a	0.50±0.00^b	0.62±0.06 ^b	0.06±0.00^a
Mapará	Drought	0.58±0.01^b	0.07±0.00^b	2.67±0.00^a	1.25±0.08^a	0.02±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Matrinxã	Flood	0.83±0.07^b	34.29±0.67^a	0.51±0.00^b	0.64±0.01^b	0.05±0.00^a
Matrinxã	Drought	1.13±0.13^a	0.06±0.00^b	1.59±0.00^a	1.21±0.01^a	0.02±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Pacu	Flood	0.71±0.01^b	33.22±2.30^a	0.50±0.00^b	0.61±0.05^b	0.04±0.00^a
Pacu	Drought	1.14±0.07^a	0.06±0.00^b	1.59±0.00^a	0.96±0.00^a	0.02±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Piramutaba	Flood	0.41±0.02	0.06±0.00	1.85±0.00^a	1.46±0.02^a	0.03±0.05^a
Piramutaba	Drought	0.41±0.02	0.06±0.00	1.19±0.00^b	0.97±0.00^b	0.02±0.00^b
Effect		ns	ns	*	*	*
Sardinha	Flood	0.04±0.01^b	36.54±2.92^a	0.56±0.00^b	0.67±0.01^b	0.06±0.00^a
Sardinha	Drought	1.96±0.12^a	0.06±0.00^b	1.78±0.00^a	1.26±0.07^a	0.02±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Surubim	Flood	0.26±0.01	33.97±0.77^a	0.48±0.00^b	0.72±0.01^b	0.06±0.00^a
Surubim	Drought	0.26±0.01	0.06±0.00^b	1.94±0.00^a	1.42±0.02^a	0.02±0.00^b
Effect		ns	*	*	*	*
Tambaqui	Flood	0.23±0.01^b	34.31±0.14^a	0.50±0.00^b	0.64±0.00^b	0.05±0.00^a
Tambaqui	Drought	0.40±0.03^a	0.06±0.00^b	1.82±0.00^a	1.18±0.05^a	0.02±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Tucunaré	Flood	0.16±0.01^b	33.86±0.39^a	0.57±0.00^b	0.65±0.03^b	0.06±0.00^a
Tucunaré	Drought	0.27±0.02^a	0.06±0.01^b	1.66±0.00^a	1.21±0.00^a	0.02±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*

Fish species	HC¹	Variables²
Fish species	HC¹	Fe, %	Zn, %	Cu, %	Cr, %	Mn, %
Curimatã	Flood	237.07±13.78^a	165.67±6.33^a	3.91±0.77^a	80.73±1.03^a	6.79±0,72^a
Curimatã	Drought	32.88±0.91^b	80.73±1.03^b	2.72±0.16^b	13.46±1.48^b	0.04±0.07^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Jaraqui	Flood	232.60±14.23^a	217.43±2.49^a	5.31±0.59	79.81±1.27^a	8.45±0.11^a
Jaraqui	Drought	38.32±1.21^b	79.81±1.27^b	5.05±0.15	12.67±1.11^b	0.35±0.10^b
		*	*	ns	*	*
Mapará	Flood	262.30±6.85^a	516.87±2.84^a	3.74±0.44^a	79.21±1.12^a	3.16±1.05^a
Mapará	Drought	9.12±0.70^b	79.21±1.12^b	1.15±0.28^b	22.85±1.42^b	0.01±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Matrinxã	Flood	283.87±25.03^a	321.60±3.70^a	3.27±0.68^b	83.48±0.66^a	6.91±0.63^a
Matrinxã	Drought	28.63±1.42^b	83.48±0.66^b	6.24±0.01^a	15.27±1.46^b	0.24±0.10^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Pacu	Flood	248.47±9.43^a	246.40±2.15^a	4.31±0.27^a	80.93±2.83^a	8.07±0.38^a
Pacu	Drought	13.80±1.14^b	80.93±2.83^b	2.33±0.14^b	15.42±1.64^b	0.97±0.53^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Piramutaba	Flood	200.62±0.24^a	396.33±18.37^a	0.21±0.04^b	80.00±0.00^a	5.84±0.35^a
Piramutaba	Drought	10.30±0.14^b	80.00±0.00^b	2.46±0.11^a	15.16±1.40^b	0.01±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Sardinha	Flood	245.63±22.29^a	359.63±8.57^a	3.78±0.96^a	83.33±2.61^a	10.46±0.68^a
Sardinha	Drought	15.51±1.15^b	83.33±2.61^b	1.62±0.08^b	20.61±1.84^b	0.12±0.21^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Surubim	Flood	223.87±19.06^a	218.37±4.44^a	3.32±0.75^a	80.01±4.73^a	2.71±0.14^a
Surubim	Drought	7.98±0.01^b	80.01±4.73^b	0.38±0.06^b	20.91±1.01^b	0.01±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Tambaqui	Flood	211.03±4.62^a	179.80±17.15^a	2.49±0.50^a	76.99±1.74^a	4.33±0.26^a
Tambaqui	Drought	10.78±1.43^b	76.99±1.74^b	1.65±0.12^b	20.85±1.20^b	0.01±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	*	*
Tucunaré	Flood	220.37±17.78^a	206.30±3.82^a	1.99±0.35^b	81.84±2.36	81.84±2.36^a
Tucunaré	Drought	4.98±0.68^b	81.84±2.36^b	2.30±0.04^a	81.84±2.36	0.01±0.00^b
Effect		*	*	*	ns	*