Association between periphyton and bioflocs systems in intensive culture of juvenile Nile tilapia

The present work aimed at determining the effects of the association between the periphyton-based system with the bioflocs-based system in the intensive culture of juvenile Nile tilapia (1.56 ± 0.07 g; 72 fish m^-3), on variables of water quality, growth performance and effluent quality after 10 weeks. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial randomized block design with four treatments and five repetitions each. The factors tested were the following: 'underwater structure' (absence and presence) and 'adjustment of the C: N ratio of water' (no and yes). The final fish body weight, specific growth rate and yield were higher (p < 0.05) in the C: N-adjusted tanks. The presence of submerged structures in the tanks had no significant influence on those same variables. It was concluded that the periphyton-based system is not indicated for intensive farming of Nile tilapia, in which there is a high allowance of artificial feed to fish.

Keywords:
aquaculture; Oreochromis; limnoculture; limnology

Authorship

Davi de Holanda Cavalcante

Laboratório de Ciência e Tecnologia Aquícola, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, s/n.º, 60356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Universidade Federal do CearáBrazilFortaleza, Ceará, BrazilLaboratório de Ciência e Tecnologia Aquícola, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, s/n.º, 60356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

Francisco Roberto dos Santos Lima

Vanessa Tomaz Rebouças

Marcelo Vinícius do Carmo e Sá ^**Author for correspondence. E-mail: marcelo.sa@ufc.br

*Author for correspondence. E-mail: marcelo.sa@ufc.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Gross primary productivity (GPP), plankton respiration rate (PRR) and net primary productivity (NPP) of Nile tilapia tanks. The rearing tanks were provided or not with submerged structures for the development of periphyton and had or not the C: N ratio adjusted to 15: 1. For a same variable, columns with different letters indicate significantly different means (p < 0.05).

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Table 1
Water pH and electrical conductivity in Nile tilapia juvenile tanks. Tanks were provided or not with underwater structures for periphyton colonization and had or not the C: N ratio adjusted to 15: 1 (mean ± SD; n = 5).

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Table 2
Water quality of Nile tilapia tanks provided or not with underwater structures for development of periphyton and with or without the C: N ratio of water adjusted to 15: 1 (mean ± SD; n = 5).

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Table 3
Growth performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with initial body weight of 1.56 ± 0.07 g, kept for 10 weeks in 250 L tanks, at high stocking density (72 fish m^-3). The tanks were provided or not with submerged structures for the development of periphyton and had or not the C: N ratio of water adjusted to 15: 1 for bioflocs growth (mean ± SD; n = 5).

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Table 4
Effluent quality of Nile tilapia tanks. The rearing tanks were provided or not with underwater structures for the development of periphyton and had or not the C: N ratio adjusted to 15: 1 (mean ± SD; n = 5).

Figure 1 Gross primary productivity (GPP), plankton respiration rate (PRR) and net primary productivity (NPP) of Nile tilapia tanks. The rearing tanks were provided or not with submerged structures for the development of periphyton and had or not the C: N ratio adjusted to 15: 1. For a same variable, columns with different letters indicate significantly different means (p < 0.05).

Table 1 Water pH and electrical conductivity in Nile tilapia juvenile tanks. Tanks were provided or not with underwater structures for periphyton colonization and had or not the C: N ratio adjusted to 15: 1 (mean ± SD; n = 5).

¹For a same variable, means followed by different capital letters in the same column are significantly different by Tukey's test (p < 0.05); ²Non-significant (p > 0.05).

Table 2 Water quality of Nile tilapia tanks provided or not with underwater structures for development of periphyton and with or without the C: N ratio of water adjusted to 15: 1 (mean ± SD; n = 5).

¹Absence of letters indicates non-significant differences between the mean values (p > 0.05); ² For the same variable, means followed by different capital letters in the same column are significantly different by Tukey's test (p < 0.05); ³Total ammonia nitrogen; ⁴ Non-significant (p > 0.05).

Table 3 Growth performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with initial body weight of 1.56 ± 0.07 g, kept for 10 weeks in 250 L tanks, at high stocking density (72 fish m^-3). The tanks were provided or not with submerged structures for the development of periphyton and had or not the C: N ratio of water adjusted to 15: 1 for bioflocs growth (mean ± SD; n = 5).

¹Specific growth rate (SGR) = [(Ln final body weight - Ln initial body weight)/nº of days] x 100; ² feed conversion ratio (FCR) = feed allowance (g)/fish weight gain (g); ³ Absence of letters indicates non-significant differences between the mean values (p > 0.05); ⁴ For the same variable, means followed by different capital letters in the same column are significantly different by Tukey's test (p < 0.05); ⁵ Non-significant (p > 0.05).

Table 4 Effluent quality of Nile tilapia tanks. The rearing tanks were provided or not with underwater structures for the development of periphyton and had or not the C: N ratio adjusted to 15: 1 (mean ± SD; n = 5).

¹Total ammonia nitrogen; ² For the same variable, means followed by different capital letters in the same column are significantly different by Tukey's test (p < 0.05); ³ Absence of letters indicates non-significant differences between the mean values (p > 0.05); ⁴ Non-significant (p > 0.05).

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Association between periphyton and bioflocs systems in intensive culture of juvenile Nile tilapia

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail: marcelo.sa@ufc.br