Performance and carcass characteristics of Santa Inês lambs fed different protein sources

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance and carcass characteristics of confined Santa Inês sheep, fed different diets, in a Semiarid environment. Twenty whole sheep with 5 ± 0.5 months of age and 27 ± 2.0 kg were used, receiving two different diets for 72 experimental days, one composed of defatted soybean meal and the other of protein-enriched cactus meal. They were evaluated for different diets, consumption, production, carcass characteristics, morphometric measures and edible components. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with two treatments and 10 replications. Performance data and carcass characteristics were evaluated by analysis of variance and means compared by t test at 5% probability level using Statistical Analysis System [SAS]® (1999Statistical Analysis System [SAS]. (1999). Guide for personal computers. Version 8 edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.). Thus, the use of emulsified palm forage protein in the feeding of Santa Inês male lambs proved to be an excellent protein source when compared to the use of defatted soybean meal, since the results of performance and carcass characteristics were similar, being the use of this alternative source advised as it presents the best benefit-cost ratio.

Keywords:
cactus; weight gain; xerophyte

Authorship

Tiago Gonçalves Pereira Araújo

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Sumé, Paraíba, Brazil. Universidade Federal de Campina GrandeBrazilSumé, Paraíba, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande, Sumé, Paraíba, Brazil.

Dermeval Araújo Furtado

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. Universidade Federal de Campina GrandeBrazilCampina Grande, Paraíba, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.

Jaciara Ribeiro Miranda ^** Author for correspondence. E-mail: jaciara.miranda03@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8811-4771

Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques

Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil. Universidade Federal de SergipeBrazilSão Cristovão, Sergipe, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.

Ana Cristina Chacon Lisboa

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Sumé, Paraíba, Brazil. Universidade Federal de Campina GrandeBrazilSumé, Paraíba, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande, Sumé, Paraíba, Brazil.

Alberto Suassuna

Consultor Autônomo sem vínculo Institucional, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Consultor Autônomo sem vínculo InstitucionalBrazilRecife, Pernambuco, BrazilConsultor Autônomo sem vínculo Institucional, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros

Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrazilAreia, Paraíba, BrazilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.

* Author for correspondence. E-mail: jaciara.miranda03@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Sumé, Paraíba, Brazil. Universidade Federal de Campina GrandeBrazilSumé, Paraíba, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande, Sumé, Paraíba, Brazil.

Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrazilAreia, Paraíba, BrazilUniversidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.

Tables

Tables (6)

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Table 1
Percent composition of ingredients and Chemical composition of diets (based on DM) of Santa Inês lambs finished in feedlot.

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Table 2
Average total dry matter consumption (TDMC), dry matter by percentage of live weight (DMSC), concentrate (CC), forage palm protein emulsion (FPEC), FPE dry matter (DMFPEC), crude protein (CPC), neutral detergent fiber (NDFC) and neutral detergent fiber by percentage of live weight (NDFCLW) of sheep.

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Table 3
Production of animals receiving diets with defatted soybean meal (DSM) and protein emulsion of forage palm (FPE).

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Table 4
Carcass characteristics of Santa Inês sheep fed defatted soybean meal (DSM) and protein emulsion of forage palm (FPE).

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Table 5
Averages of the external length of Spanish carcasses (ELSC), New Zealand (ELNZC), internal carcass length (ICL), thorax perimeter (TP), thorax depth (TD), thorax width (TW), croup perimeter before (CPB), croup perimeter after (CPA), croup width (CW), leg perimeter (LP), leg length (LL), carcass compactness index (CCI), leg compactness index (LCI) and body compactness index (BCI) of the animals in the two experimental diets.

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Table 6
Average of edible components of the carcass.

Table 1 Percent composition of ingredients and Chemical composition of diets (based on DM) of Santa Inês lambs finished in feedlot.

Percent Composition	Diets kg in Natural Matter (%)
Percent Composition	DSM	FPE
Maize	38.51	33.14
Mineral Supplement *	1.81	1.56
Limestone	0.45	0.39
Coast-Cross Hay	39.06	33.62
Soybean meal	20.17	-
FPE	-	31.31
Total	100	100
Chemical composition (% Dry Matter)
Dry Matter	95.24	96.79
Crude Protein	12.92	12.55
Neutral Detergent Fiber	57.02	55.92
Acid Detergent Fiber	25.67	27.07
Organic matter	93.87	93.56
Ashe	6.12	6.43

*Mineral Supplement (nutrient / kg supplement): calcium 120 g; phosphorus 65 g; magnesium 3 g; sodium 175.50 g; chlorine 270 g; zinc 4680 mg; manganese 4400 mg; cobalt 65 g; iodine 60 mg; fluorine 650 mg; selenium 45 mg.

Table 2 Average total dry matter consumption (TDMC), dry matter by percentage of live weight (DMSC), concentrate (CC), forage palm protein emulsion (FPEC), FPE dry matter (DMFPEC), crude protein (CPC), neutral detergent fiber (NDFC) and neutral detergent fiber by percentage of live weight (NDFCLW) of sheep.

Variable (kg)	Protein Source		CV (%)
Variable (kg)	DSM	FPE	CV (%)
Average total dry matter consumption	1.304 b	1.656 a	15.43
Dry matter by percentage of live weight	4.26 b	5.30 a	11.14
Concentrate	1.245 a	1.273 a	17.62
Forage palm protein emulsion	-	0.4281	-
FPE dry matter	-	0.44	-
Crude protein	0.20 b	0.24 a	14.16
Neutral detergent fiber	0.68 a	0.73 a	16.32
Neutral detergent fiber by percentage of live weight	2.26 a	2.34 a	12.09

Averages followed by the same letter in the lines do not differ significantly by the F test at 5% significance

Table 3 Production of animals receiving diets with defatted soybean meal (DSM) and protein emulsion of forage palm (FPE).

	Protein Source		CV (%)
	DSM	FPE	CV (%)
Total weight gain (kg)	7.34 a	7.87 a	21.26
Daily weight gain (kg day^-1)	0.17 a	0.18 a	21.26
Food conversion	7.45 a	8.86 a	26.35

Averages followed by the same letter in the lines do not differ significantly by the F test at 5% significance

Table 4 Carcass characteristics of Santa Inês sheep fed defatted soybean meal (DSM) and protein emulsion of forage palm (FPE).

Housing dimensions	Protein Source		CV (%)
Housing dimensions	DSM	FPE	CV (%)
Live weight - (kg)	36.90 a	38.17 a	10.31
Slaughter weight - kg)	35.38 a	36.48 a	10.35
Fasting losses (kg)	0.63 a	0.71 a	20.94
Hot housing weight (kg)	16.65 a	16.89 a	13.09
Cold carcass weight (kg)	16.01 a	16.17 a	12.84
Empty body weight (kg)	30.00 a	31.14 a	11.12
Hot carcass yield (%)	46.99 a	44.13 a	4.75
Cold carcass yield (%)	45.20 a	42.27 a	4.52
Cooling losses (%)	3.81 a	4.19 a	10.93
Commercial income (%)	45.22 a	44.20 a	3.93
Biological yield (%)	55.46 a	54.09 a	3.31

Averages followed by the same letter in the lines do not differ significantly by the F test at 5% significance

Table 5 Averages of the external length of Spanish carcasses (ELSC), New Zealand (ELNZC), internal carcass length (ICL), thorax perimeter (TP), thorax depth (TD), thorax width (TW), croup perimeter before (CPB), croup perimeter after (CPA), croup width (CW), leg perimeter (LP), leg length (LL), carcass compactness index (CCI), leg compactness index (LCI) and body compactness index (BCI) of the animals in the two experimental diets.

Morphometric measures	Protein Source		CV (%)
Morphometric measures	DSM	FPE	CV (%)
Averages of the external length of Spanish carcasses (cm)	59.37 a	61.11 a	3.49
New Zealand (cm)	99.37 a	109.83 a	13.45
Internal carcass length (cm)	67.12 a	68.33 a	4.49
Thorax perimeter (cm)	74.37 a	74.61 a	5.27
Thorax depth (cm)	26.62 a	27.27 a	5.89
Thorax width (cm)	22.31 a	21.50 a	6.45
Croup perimeter before (cm)	58.18 a	58.22 a	4.85
Croup perimeter after (cm)	57.81 a	57.88 a	4.43
croup width (cm)	15.75 a	16.05 a	5.78
leg perimeter (cm)	31.01 a	30.33 a	4.86
leg length (cm)	41.06 a	41.77 a	4.50
carcass compactness index (kg cm^-1)	0.23 a	0.23 a	9.47
leg compactness index	0.75 a	0.72 a	4.27
body compactness index (kg cm^-1)	0.31 a	0.28 a	17.56

Averages followed by the same letter in the lines do not differ significantly by the F test at 5% significance

Table 6 Average of edible components of the carcass.

	Protein Source		CV (%)
	DSM	FPE	CV (%)
Blood (kg)	1.28 a	1.24 a	16.66
Liver (kg)	0.60 a	0.59 a	12.98
Lung + Bronchi (kg)	0.35 a	0.36 a	13.49
Trachea + Larynx (kg)	0.113 a	114.44 a	18.73
Esophagus (kg)	0.05 a	0.05 a	19.32
Spleen (kg)	0.078 a	0.082 a	43.84
Heart (kg)	0.150 a	0.155 a	12.99
Diaphragm (kg)	0.093 a	0.094 a	26.27
Empty stomach (kg)	0.90 a	1.03 a	9.21
Empty intestine (kg)	1.16 a	1.24 a	14.10
Mesenteric Fat (kg)	0.38 a	0.42 a	19.85
Omental Fat (kg)	0.53 a	0.63 a	34.24

Averages followed by the same letter in the lines do not differ significantly by the F test at 5% significance

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Performance and carcass characteristics of Santa Inês lambs fed different protein sources

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: jaciara.miranda03@gmail.com