Microbiological diagnosis and antimicrobial resistance profile of bovine mastitis causing agents in the municipality of Placas, Pará, Brazil

The study was carried out in the region of Placas, Pará. Objective: identify the main causing agents of mastitis, as well as evaluating the resistance profile of the isolated agents against antimicrobials. Methods: Ten properties were evaluated, where 161 animals were submitted to the California Mastitis Test (CMT) for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, and milk samples were collected from positive animals and led for culture and antibiogram. Results: In total, 31.06% of the animals were positive for CMT. The main agents identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus bovis. The antibiogram indicated resistance to Penicillin, Ceftazidime and Cephalothin. Conclusion: The properties surveyed showed a high rate of subclinical mastitis, regarding antimicrobial resistance, in general, all agents showed high resistance.

Keywords:
ampicillin; antibiotics; antibiogram; staphylococcus aureus; penicillin

Authorship

Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo Júnior ^** Author for correspondence. E-mail: camargojunior@gmail.com

Instituto Federal do Pará, Avenida Marechal Castelo Branco, 621, 68020-820, Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Instituto Federal do ParáBrazilSantarém, Pará, BrazilInstituto Federal do Pará, Avenida Marechal Castelo Branco, 621, 68020-820, Santarém, Pará, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2362-3625

Lenoir Loeblein Silva

Centro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Centro Universitário da AmazôniaBrazilSantarém, Pará, BrazilCentro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém, Pará, Brazil.

Igor Felipe da Silva Coimbra

Centro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Centro Universitário da AmazôniaBrazilSantarém, Pará, BrazilCentro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém, Pará, Brazil.

Welligton Conceição da Silva

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil. Universidade Federal do ParáBrazilBelém, Pará, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Cláudio Vieira de Araújo

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrazilSinop, Mato Grosso, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Hipócrates de Menezes Chalkidis

Centro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Centro Universitário da AmazôniaBrazilSantarém, Pará, BrazilCentro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém, Pará, Brazil.

Simone Vieira Castro

Centro Universitário Católico do Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. Centro Universitário Católico do TocantinsBrazilPalmas, Tocantins, BrazilCentro Universitário Católico do Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil.

* Author for correspondence. E-mail: camargojunior@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Centro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Centro Universitário da AmazôniaBrazilSantarém, Pará, BrazilCentro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém, Pará, Brazil.

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrazilSinop, Mato Grosso, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Tables

Tables (5)

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Table 1
Result of California Mastitis Test (CMT) carried out in the 10 properties evaluated in the milk basin in the municipality of Placas, Pará State.

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Table 2
Microorganisms isolated from milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis in herds from 10 properties in the dairy basin of the municipality of Placas, Pará State.

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Table 3
Sensitivity test of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the properties evaluated in the municipality of Placas-PA to antibacterials.

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Table 4
Sensitivity test of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in the properties evaluated in the municipality of Placas-PA to antibacterials.

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Table 5
Sensitivity test of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated in the properties evaluated in the municipality of Placas-PA to antibacterials.

Table 1 Result of California Mastitis Test (CMT) carried out in the 10 properties evaluated in the milk basin in the municipality of Placas, Pará State.

Property	Herd by property	N# of tested animals (%)	N# of positive animals (%)
A	70	20 (28, 57)	5 (25,00)
B	25	15 (60,00)	5 (33,33)
C	31	18 (58,06)	7 (38,89)
D	45	19 (42,22)	5 (26,32)
E	32	16 (50,00)	4 (25,00)
F	40	15 (37,50)	6 (40,00)
G	12	12 (100,00)	4 (33,33)
H	16	8 (50, 00)	3 (37,50)
I	54	22 (40,74)	8 (36,36)
J	10	6 (60,00)	3 (50,00)
TOTAL: 10	335	161	50 (31,06)

X²=3,01 (p-value=0,964).

Table 2 Microorganisms isolated from milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis in herds from 10 properties in the dairy basin of the municipality of Placas, Pará State.

Property	Isolated bactéria
A	Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Gram positive bacilli
B	Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus
C	Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Gram positive bacilli
D	Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Gram positive bacilli
E	Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus Gram positive bacilli
F	Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Gram positive bacilli
G	Staphylococcus aureus, Gram positive bacilli
H	Bacilos Gram positivos, Staphylococcus aureus
I	Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus bovis, Staphylococcus aureus
J	Gram positive bacilli Staphylococcus aureus

Table 3 Sensitivity test of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the properties evaluated in the municipality of Placas-PA to antibacterials.

Antibiotics ^(group)	Properties										% total of resistance
Antibiotics ^(group)	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	% total of resistance
Tetracycline ⁽¹⁾	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	0
Tobramycin ⁽²⁾	S	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	10
Amikacin ⁽²⁾	S	R	S	S	S	I	S	S	S	S	10
Ampicillin ⁽²⁾	I	S	S	R	S	R	R	I	R	R	50
Ceftazidime ⁽³⁾	R	R	R	R	I	S	R	R	R	R	80
Chloramphenicol ⁽²⁾	S	I	S	R	I	S	S	S	R	I	20
Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim ⁽¹⁾	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	0
Gentamicin ⁽¹⁾	S	I	S	S	S	S	S	S	I	I	0
Ciprofloxacin ⁽²⁾	S	R	S	S	S	S	S	S	I	S	10
Clindamycin ⁽³⁾	R	S	R	R	R	S	R	R	R	R	80
Erythromycin ⁽²⁾	I	R	I	R	S	I	S	S	R	R	40
Cephalothin ⁽³⁾	R	R	R	R	S	R	R	R	R	R	90
Oxacillin ⁽³⁾	R	S	R	R	S	R	R	R	R	R	80
Penicillin ⁽³⁾	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	100
Vancomycin ⁽²⁾	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	S	R	S	10
Group (% of resistense)	Resistense (%)					Sensitivity (%)					Total (%)
1*	-					-					-
2 (< 50%)	15(13.76)					45(41.28)					60(55.05)
3 (( 50%)	43(39.45)					6(5.50)					49(44.95)
Total	58(53.21)					51(46.79)					109(100)

Fisher's Exact Test=0,00 (p-value < 0,0156). *Group 1 antibiotics were left out of the test, as they showed 0% resistance.

Table 4 Sensitivity test of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in the properties evaluated in the municipality of Placas-PA to antibacterials.

Antibiotic ^(group)	Properties					% total of resistance
Antibiotic ^(group)	A	B	C	E	I	% total of resistance
Tetracycline ⁽¹⁾	S	I	S	S	S	0
Tobramycin ⁽¹⁾	S	S	S	S	S	0
Amikacin ⁽¹⁾	S	S	S	S	S	0
Ampicillin ⁽²⁾	R	R	S	R	S	60
Ceftazidime ⁽³⁾	R	R	I	R	R	80
Chloramphenicol ⁽³⁾	R	R	R	R	R	100
Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim ⁽²⁾	S	R	S	S	S	20
Gentamicin ⁽¹⁾	S	I	I	I	I	0
Ciprofloxacin ⁽²⁾	R	I	S	R	R	60
Clindamycin ⁽³⁾	R	R	S	R	R	80
Erythromycin ⁽³⁾	R	R	S	R	R	80
Cephalothin ⁽³⁾	R	R	S	R	R	80
Oxacillin ⁽³⁾	R	R	S	R	R	80
Penicillin ⁽³⁾	R	R	S	R	R	80
Vancomycin ⁽³⁾	R	R	S	R	R	80
Group (% of resistense)	Resistense (%)			Sensitivity (%)		Total (%)
1*	-			-		-
2 ( ( 60%)	7.00(13.21)			7.00(13.21)		14.00(26.42)
3 (> 60%)	33.00(61.26)			6.00(11.32)		39.00(73.58)
Total	40.00(75.47)			13.00(34.53)		53.00(100.00)

Fisher's Exact Test=7.00 (p-value < 0.0156). *Group 1 antibiotics were left out of the test, as they showed 0% resistance.

Table 5 Sensitivity test of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated in the properties evaluated in the municipality of Placas-PA to antibacterials.

Antibiotics ^(group)	Properties				% total of resistance
Antibiotics ^(group)	A	C	D	F	% total of resistance
Tetracycline ⁽¹⁾	S	S	I	I	0
Tobramycin ⁽¹⁾	S	S	R	S	25
Amikacin ⁽¹⁾	S	S	S	S	0
Ampicillin ⁽¹⁾	S	I	R	S	25
Ceftazidime ⁽²⁾	R	R	R	R	100
Chloramphenicol ⁽²⁾	I	R	R	S	50
Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim ⁽¹⁾	S	S	S	S	0
Gentamicin ⁽¹⁾	S	I	I	S	0
Ciprofloxacin ⁽¹⁾	S	S	I	S	0
Clindamycin ⁽²⁾	R	R	R	R	100
Erythromycin ⁽²⁾	I	R	R	S	50
Cephalothin ⁽¹⁾	S	S	R	S	25
Oxacillin ⁽²⁾	S	S	R	R	50
Penicillin ⁽²⁾	R	R	R	R	100
Vancomycin ⁽¹⁾	S	S	R	S	25
Group (% of resistense)	Resistense (%)		Sensitivity (%)		Total (%)
1 (< 50%)	4.00(7.69)		26.00(50.00)		30.00(57.69)
2 (( 50%)	18.00(34.62)		4.00(7.69)		22.00(42.31)
Total	22.00(43.31)		30.00(57.69)		52.00(100.00)

Fisher's Exact Test=4,00 (p-value < 0,0001).

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Microbiological diagnosis and antimicrobial resistance profile of bovine mastitis causing agents in the municipality of Placas, Pará, Brazil

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: camargojunior@gmail.com