Evaluation of cardiac status, ascites related factors and growth performance of five commercial strains of broiler chickens

Varmaghany, Saifali; Jafari, Hoshang; Ahmadpanah, Javad

doi:10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.50295

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ANIMAL PRODUCTION • Acta Sci., Anim. Sci. 43 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.50295 copy

Evaluation of cardiac status, ascites related factors and growth performance of five commercial strains of broiler chickens

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate cardiac status, ascites susceptibility, thyroid hormones, some hematological parameters and performance of five commercial broiler strains. Chicks were selected from strains of Cobb, Hubbard, Ross 308, Arbor Acres, and Arian (Iranian commercial broiler strain). Management and nutritional conditions were the same for all strains. Ascites related factors, and growth performance were measured. The highest and lowest, RV weight/live weight at 21 day of age were related to Arian and Ross 308 strains, respectively (p < 0.05). The TV weight, TV weight/live weight and the RV weight/live weight were significantly different between various strains at 49 and 54 days of age (p < 0.05). Strain had no effect on RV/TV. Performance, T₃ and T₄ hormones, hematological parameters, and mortalities were not significantly different among the strains (p > 0.05). Ascites mortalities in the Ross 308 was zero; however, it had no significant difference with other strains (p > 0.05). It was concluded that, based on performance and physiological status, even though considered broiler strains did not differ significantly because of the same genetic programs probably, but according to the prices and market conditions each can be selected for breeding.

Keywords:
Hematological parameters; thyroid hormones; mortality; body weight gain; feed intake; feed conversion ratio

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: s.varmaghany@areeo.ac.ir

Item	Experimental diets
Item	Starter (1-21 d)	Grower (22-42 d)	Finisher (43-54 d)
Ingredients (g kg^-1)
Corn grain	535.0	476.7	557.0
Soybean meal, 44% CP	307.7	286.5	222.5
Corn gluten	60.0	30.0	20.0
Wheat grain	50.0	150.0	150.0
Soybean oil	8.9	24.7	20.3
Oyster shell	12.6	13.3	13.0
Dicalcium phosphate	15.8	10.5	9.5
Sodium chloride	3.9	2.9	2.4
Minerals and vitamin premix¹	5.0	5.0	5.0
DL - methionine, 99%	1.1	0.4	0.3
Total (g)	10000	10000	1000
Calculated values (as fed basis)²
Metabolizable energy (kcal kg^-1)	2900	3000	3000
Crude protein (g kg^-1)	208.4	190.0	170.0
Ca (g kg^-1)	9.2	8.4	7.8
Available phosphorus (g kg^-1)	4.2	3.4	3.1
Na (g kg^-1)	1.8	1.4	1.2
Methionine (g kg^-1)	4.8	3.6	3.2
Lys vLysine (g kg^-1)	10.4	9.6	8.2
Methionine + Cysteine (g kg^-1)	8.4	6.8	6.2

Parameter		Strain					P-value	SEM³
Parameter		Hubbard	C0bb	Ross 308	Arian	Arbor Acres	P-value	SEM³
Total mortality (1-6)	N ¹	2.00	1.25	0.75	1.50	1.00	0.72	0.66
Total mortality (1-6)	% ²	15.38	9.61	5.76	12.69	7.69	0.70	5.19
Total mortality (1-7)	N ¹	200	1.50	1.00	1.50	1.25	0.87	0.68
Total mortality (1-7)	% ²	15.38	11.54	7.69	12.69	9.61	0.86	5.22
>Ascites Mortality (1-7)	N	0.25	0.50	0.00	0.50	0.25	0.57	0.24
>Ascites Mortality (1-7)	%	1.92	3.84	0.00	4.42	1.92	0.54	1.95

Parameter	Strain					P-value	SEM¹
Parameter	Hubbard	Cobb	Ross 308	Arian	Arbor Acres	P-value	SEM¹
T₃ (ng mL^-1)	3.64	4.07	3.60	3.09	3.62	0.59	0.412
T₄ (ng mL^-1)	13.92	16.69	9.08	12.78	14.09	0.30	2.376
AST (IU L^-1)	55.22	53.28	40.66	58.44	57.67	0.34	6.55

Parameter	Strain¹					P-value	SEM²
Parameter	Hubbard	Cobb	Ross	Arian	Arbor Acres	P-value	SEM²
21 d
Total Heart Weight (g)	4.875	4.825	4.825	4.775	5.000	0.995	0.406
Total ventricular Weight (g)	3.450	3.600	3.450	3.765	3.425	0.873	0.263
Right ventricular weight (g)	0.700	0.637	0.575	0.700	0.675	0.479	0.055
Total ventricles/ live weight (%)	0.433	0.410	0.415	0.403	.0441	0.112	0.024
Right ventricle/ live weight (%)	0.087 ^ab	0.072 ^c	0.069 ^c	0.093 ^a	0.087 ^ab	0.024	0.005
Right ventricular/total ventricular (%)	0.202	0.176	0.167	0.186	0.198	0.114	0.009
42 d
Total Heart Weight (g)	14.550	15.250	14.200	13.900	14.825	0.957	1.332
Total ventricular Weight (g)	10.108	8.555	8.663	9.068	9.678	0.712	0.909
Right ventricular weight (g)	1.910	2.087	1.685	1.747	1.935	0.848	0.275
Total ventricles/ live weight (%)	0.390	0.348	0.337	0.381	0.394	0.615	0.031
Right ventricle/ live weight (%)	0.074	0.084	0.065	0.073	0.079	0.740	0.010
Right ventricular/total ventricular (%)	0.185	0.235	0.190	0.192	0.210	0.477	0.021
49 d
Total Heart Weight (g)	12.212^ab	8.537^c	13.606^a	10.202^bc	11.603^ab	0.015	0.930
Total ventricular Weight (g)	12.086^ab	8.371^c	13.308^a	10.047^bc	11.361^ab	0.016	0.920
Right ventricular weight (g)	2.271	1.438	2.316	1.786	2.034	0.118	0.245
Total ventricles/ live weight (%)	0.325^a	0.245^b	0.329^a	0.278^ab	0.291^ab	0.036	0.019
Right ventricle/ live weight (%)	0.061	0.042	0.057	0.050	0.052	0.259	0.006
Right ventricular /total ventricular (%)	0.189	0.171	0.172	0.183	0.174	0.888	0.014
54 d
Total Heart Weight (g)	16.185	16.206	17.826	16.323	18.826	0.504	1.280
Total ventricular Weight (g)	10.159	9.926	10.617	10.214	11.435	0.746	0.851
Right ventricular weight (g)	2.292	2.045	1.580	2.060	2.104	0.617	0.191
Total ventricles/ live weight (%)	0.308	0.322	0.326	0.334	0.306	0.686	0.015
Right ventricle/ live weight (%)	0.070^ab	0.067^ab	0.057^ab	0.065^ab	0.056^ab	0.040	0.003
Right ventricular/total ventricular (%)	0.225	0.208	0.174	0.204	0.184	0.080	0.012

Parameter	Strain¹					P-value	SEM²
Parameter	Hubbard	Cobb	Ross 308	Arian	Arbor Acres	P-value	SEM²
21 d
HCT (%)	30.73	29.88	31.30	31.64	29.11	0.497	1.207
RBC (million mm^-3)	2.75 ^a	2.62 ^b	2.77 ^a	2.60 ^b	2.72 ^a	0.04	0.111
42 d
HCT (%)	32.72	29.39	32.90	31.05	30.47	0.397	1.004
RBC (million mm^-3)	2.67	2.90	2.90	2.77	2.80	0.07	0.193

Parameter	Treatments¹					SEM²	P-value
Parameter	Hubbard	Cobb	Ross 308	Arian	Arbor Acres	SEM²	P-value
BWG (g bird^-1 day^-1)
1-7 day	17.47^a	16.12^ab	16.48^ab	17.29^a	14.47^b	0.646	0.035
8-14 day	25.50	25.33	23.74	23.80	23.19	1.665	0.814
15-21 day	47.60	48.06	47.59	46.65	44.96	1.796	0.753
22-28 day	43.98	49.67	51.80	48.31	51.36	2.166	0.130
29-35 day	53.12	56.37	59.18	49.86	57.73	2.372	0.085
36-42 day	72.58	73.68	70.27	65.88	68.09	2.013	0.084
43-49 day	78.51	71.34	73.81	67.84	68.15	3.108	0.143
1-42 day	41.49	43.16	43.13	40.37	41.55	1.326	0.534
1-49 day	46.32	46.77	47.13	43.91	45.05	1.235	0.358
FI (g bird^-1 day^-1)
1-7 day	16.28	15.49	16.15	16.31	14.64	0.675	0.397
8-14 day	35.70	38.29	35.09	34.39	31.25	2.291	0.341
15-21 day	80.14	80.62	77.81	87.16	77.82	4.140	0.511
22-28 day	99.47	113.02	107.39	106.80	101.45	5.092	0.391
29-35 day	106.79	118.23	131.98	117.73	136.70	7.810	0.099
36-42 day	153.52 ^ab	154.91 ^ab	173.21 ^a	145.02 ^b	173.01^a	6.589	0.028
43-49 day	195.63	211.28	224.9	193.50	197.78	9.540	0.156
1-42 day	77.10	82.26	85.37	79.84	84.15	1.924	0.053
1-49 day	92.63 ^b	98.83 ^ab	103.60 ^a	94.52 ^b	99.11^ab	2.450	0.049
FCR (g FI g^-1 BWG)
1-7 day	0.93	0.96	0.98	0.94	1.01	0.025	0.248
8-14 day	1.42	1.52	1.48	1.46	1.37	0.114	0.909
15-21 day	1.69	1.68	1.64	1.87	1.73	0.099	0.516
22-28 day	2.27	2.29	2.07	2.22	1.98	0.121	0.323
29-35 day	2.01	2.11	2.22	2.37	2.37	0.107	0.117
36-42 day	2.14	2.11	2.47	2.21	2.54	0.127	0.092
43-49 day	2.49	2.98	3.11	2.87	2.90	0.218	0.379
1-42 day	1.86	1.91	1.98	1.98	2.03	0.059	0.321
1-49 day	2.00	2.12	2.20	2.16	2.20	0.063	0.191