Low-purity crude glycerin as a nutrient substitute for corn: the effect on yields of goat organs and viscera

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of low-purity crude glycerin (CG, 63.1% of glycerol) in the diets of feedlot-finished goats on the weights and yields of the non-carcass components, with are frequently used in regionals dishes (buchada and panelada). Forty castrated male goats with the initial mean body weight of 19.70 ± 2.30 kg were used. Experimental treatments consisted of inclusion of CG at levels of 0, 6, 12, and 18%, based on dry matter. The weights of the lungs, spleen, total organs (TWO), and TWO yield, as a function of the slaughter body weight, decreased linearly. It was shown that the rumen portion of the weight showed a quadratic effect, at the level of 10.71% of CG, with a minimum point of 0.37 kg. Similar behavior was observed for the reticulum, with a minimum point of 0.08 kg, at the level of 7.5% of CG. The weights and yields of the buchada and panelada were negatively influenced by the experimental diets. Low-purity crude glycerin may partially replace corn and be included in up to 6% of the dry matter of the finished goats' feedlot diet without adversely affecting weights and yields of organs, viscera, and regional dishes, such as buchada and panelada.

Keywords:
buchada; co-product; glycerol; panelada

Authorship

Rayane Nunes Gomes ^** Author for correspondence. E-mail: rayanegomes21@gmail.com

Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Universidade Federal Rural de PernambucoBrazilRecife, Pernambuco, BrazilDepartamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1571-624X

Talita Almeida de Paula

Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, NCSU, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States .North Carolina State UniversityUSARaleigh, North Carolina, USADepartment of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, NCSU, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States .

Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho

Eduardo Henrique de Araújo Cordeiro

Hugo Fernando Araújo do Nascimento

Giorgio Oliveira Mendes

Ana Barros de Oliveira

Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Véras

* Author for correspondence. E-mail: rayanegomes21@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables | Formulas

Tables (4)
Formulas (17)

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Table 1
Proportion of ingredients and chemical composition of the experimental diets.

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Table 2
Effect of inclusion of crude glycerin on carcass weights, organ weights and relationships with other body components of goats in feedlot.

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Table 3
Effect of inclusion of crude glycerin on viscera weights, weights of co-products and adipocyte deposits and relationships with other body components of goats in feedlot.

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Table 4
Effect of the inclusion of crude glycerin on weights and yields of regional dishes of goats in feedlot.

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Table 1 Proportion of ingredients and chemical composition of the experimental diets.

Item	Crude glycerin (% DM)
Item	0	6	12	18
Ingredients (g kg^-1 of DM)
Tifton hay 85	499	499	499	499
Ground corn	380	318	256	195
Crude glycerin	0.0	60.0	120	180
Soybean meal	98.0	98.0	98.0	98.0
Urea/S¹	5.0	7.0	9.0	10.0
Mineral Premix²	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
Calcitic limestone	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
Chemical composition (g kg^-1 of DM)
Dry matter (g kg^-1 of NM)³	905	899	894	889
Organic matter	927	924	921	919
Crude protein	145	143	142	141
Ether extract	25.0	49.0	73.0	97.0
Neutral detergent fiber⁴	390	382	374	366
Non-fiber carbohydrates⁴	367	350	332	315
Metabolizable Energy (Mcal kg^-1 DM)	2.72	2.95	2.93	2.98

¹9 parts of urea and 1 part of Sulfur (S). ²Assurance levels (nutrients kg^-1): 240 g of calcium; 20 g of sulfur; 71 g of phosphorus; 28,2 g of Potassium; 20 g of Magnesium; 400 mg of copper; 30 mg of cobalt; 10 mg of chromium; 2500 mg of Iron; maximum 710 mg of Fluorine; 40 mg of Iodine; 1350 mg of Manganese; 15 mg of selenium e 1700 mg of zinc. ³g kg^-1 natural matter; ⁴Corrected for ash and protein.

Table 2 Effect of inclusion of crude glycerin on carcass weights, organ weights and relationships with other body components of goats in feedlot.

Item	Crude glycerin (%DM)					P-value
Item	0	6	12	18	SEM¹	L²	Q³	CXG⁴
IBW, kg	19.79	19.53	19.50	19.96	-	-	-	-
FBW, kg	25.46	23.32	23.61	24.28	0.686	0.3774	0.0671	0.2129
GTC, kg	4.28	3.99	4.55	5.61^*	0.174	<.0001^a	0.0023	<.0001
EBW, kg	21.11	19.30	19.04	18.64	0.584	0.0250^b	0.3409	0.1024
HCW, kg	11.82	10.84	10.60	10.17^*	0.324	0.0033^c	0.4920	0.0217
Tongue, kg	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.002	0.3434	0.3463	0.5037
Trachea, kg	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.003	0.2083	0.3307	0.0982
Lung, kg	0.24	0.22	0.21	0.19	0.007	0.0067^d	0.9015	0.0558
Heart, kg	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.003	0.1092	0.6681	0.4196
Liver, kg	0.43	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.017	0.0728	0.1482	0.1402
Pancreas, kg	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.002	0.7356	0.1794	0.3991
Diaphragm, kg	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.003	0.6467	0.0790	0.3314
Spleen, kg	0.05	0.04^*	0.04^*	0.03^*	0.002	0.0023^e	0.0942	0.0046
Testicle, kg	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.003	0.1114	0.3997	0.0657
Penis, kg	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.003	0.4001	0.9282	0.7516
Bladder, kg	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.001	1.0000	0.7210	0.4476
Kidneys, kg	0.08	0.07	0.007	0.07	0.003	0.1762	0.1752	0.2963
Thymus, kg	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.002	0.7914	0.5550	0.5834
TWO, kg	1.33	1.17	1.13^*	1.15^*	0.039	0.0184^f	0.1097	0.0449
TWO:FBW, %	5.23	5.01	4.80^*	4.73^*	0.050	<.0001^g	0.3924	0.0006
TWO: EBW, %	6.31	6.06	5.96	6.15	0.056	0.2513	0.0516	0.1584

IBW = initial body weight; FBW = final body weight; GTC = gastrointestinal tract content; EBW= empty body weight; HCW= hot carcass weight. ¹SEM = standard error mean; TWO = total weight of organ; EBW= empty body weight. ¹SEM = standard error mean; ²L = linear effect; ³Q = quadratic effect; ⁴CXG = contrast between control x levels of crude glycerin. Values differ statistically from the control treatment by Dunnett test at p < 0.05. ^aŶ = 4.262 - 0.092GB; R² = 0.99; ^bŶ = 20.673 - 0.127GB; R² = 0.82; ^cŶ = 11.636 - 0.086GB; R² = 0.91; ^dŶ = 0.238 - 0.002GB; R² = 0.99; ^eŶ = 0.046 - 0.0007GB; R² =0.90; ^fŶ = 1.288 - 0.010GB; R² = 0.68; ^gŶ = 5.196 - 0.028GB; R² = 0.95. R² = determination coefficient.

Table 3 Effect of inclusion of crude glycerin on viscera weights, weights of co-products and adipocyte deposits and relationships with other body components of goats in feedlot.

Item	Crude glycerin (%DM)					P-value
Item	0	6	12	18	SEM¹	L²	Q³	CXG⁴
Esophagus, kg	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.002	0.4192	0.5543	0.7820
Rumen, kg	0.45	0.38	0.39	0.43	0.016	0.6404	0.0284^a	0.1543
Reticulum, kg	0.10	0.08	0.08	0.10	0.003	0.9322	0.0042^b	0.0373
Omasum, kg	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.003	0.9107	0.3609	0.8049
Abomasu, kg	0.13	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.006	0.0944	0.0597	0.0884
Small intestine, kg	0.43	0.38	0.40	0.38	0.012	0.1566	0.4301	0.3058
Large intestine, kg	0.25	0.21	0.20	0.20	0.010	0.0534	0.3008	0.1783
TWV, kg	1.48	1.26	1.27	1.33	0.043	0.1347	0.0410^c	0.0836
TWV:FBW, %	5.80	5.42	5.39	5.49	0.066	0.0985	0.0576	0.0946
TWV:EBW, %	7.01	6.56	6.69	7.15	0.094	0.4675	0.0126^d	0.0738
Blood, kg	0.97	0.83^*	0.75^*	0.81^*	0.030	0.0032	0.0123^e	0.0015
Skin, kg	1.56	1.50	1.55	1.48	0.044	0.5115	0.9879	0.8611
Feet, kg	0.76	0.71	0.69	0.67	0.019	0.0085^f	0.6032	0.0644
Head, kg	1.56	1.49	1.47	1.54	0.033	0.8397	0.1077	0.1720
TWBP, kg	4.85	4.53	4.45	4.50	0.115	0.0944	0.2061	0.2187
TWBP:FBW, %	19.29	19.54	18.91	18.61	0.194	0.1196	0.4715	0.3234
TWBP:EBW, %	23.32	23.64	23.49	24.20	0.239	0.2362	0.6794	0.5703
Omentum, kg	0.57	0.59	0.51	0.50	0.038	0.2984	0.8111	0.6823
Mesentery, kg	0.29	0.25	0.22	0.22	0.018	0.1074	0.5590	0.3914
Internal Fat, kg	0.16	0.16	0.13	0.14	0.009	0.0539	0.3458	0.4412
Perirenal fat, kg	0.29	0.27	0.31	0.21	0.022	0.3447	0.3167	0.3914
TWDA, kg	1.31	1.27	1.16	1.08	0.076	0.1574	0.8478	0.5467
TWDA:FBW, %	4.99	5.30	4.77	4.41	0.224	0.2474	0.4440	0.5309
TWDA:EBW, %	6.01	6.40	5.90	5.71	0.262	0.5440	0.5764	0.8124

TWV = total weight of viscera; FBW = final body weight; TWBP = total weight of by-products; EBW= empty body weight; PTDA = total weight of adipocyte deposits. ¹SEM = standard error mean; ²L = linear effect; ³Q = quadratic effect; ⁴CXG = contrast between control x levels of crude glycerin. Values differ statistically from the control treatment by Dunnett test at p < 0.05. ^aŶ = 0.449 - 0.015GB + 0.0007GB2; R² = 0.96; ^bŶ = 0.099 - 0.003GB + 0.0002GB2; R² = 0.99; ^cŶ = 1.475 - 0.042GB + 0.001GB2; R² = 0.94; ^dŶ = 6.996 - 0.105GB + 0.006GB2; R² = 0.98; ^eŶ = 0.977 - 0.034GB + 0.001GB2; ; R² = 0.98; ^f Ŷ = 0.752 - 0.005GB; R² = 0.94. R² = determination coefficient.

Table 4 Effect of the inclusion of crude glycerin on weights and yields of regional dishes of goats in feedlot.

Item	Crude glycerin (%DM)					P-value
Item	0	6	12	18	SEM¹	L²	Q³	CXG⁴
Buchada, kg	3.57	3.18	3.02	3.12	0.114	0.0411^a	0.1313	0.0946
Buchada, %	13.93	13.51	12.68^*	12.89^*	0.158	0.0033^b	0.2663	0.0124
Panelada, kg	5.89	5.38	5.18	5.33	0.159	0.0481^c	0.1184	0.0994
Panelada, %	23.22	23.05	21.89^*	22.00^*	0.141	<.0001^d	0.5252	<.0001

¹SEM = standard error mean; ²L = linear effect; ³Q = quadratic effect; ⁴CXG = contrast between control x levels of crude glycerin. ⁴CXG = contrast between control x levels of crude glycerin. Values differ statistically from the control treatment by Dunnett test at p < 0.05. ^aŶ = 3.451 - 0.025GB; R² = 0.65; ^bŶ = 13.847 - 0.066GB; R² = 0.79; ^cŶ = 5.731 - 0.031GB; R² = 0.62; ^dŶ = 23.262 - 0.080GB; R² =0.81. R² = determination coefficient.

Ŷ = 4.262 - 0.092 G B;

Ŷ = 20.673 - 0.127 G B;

Ŷ = 11.636 - 0.086 G B;

Ŷ = 0.238 - 0.002 G B;

Ŷ = 0.046 - 0.0007 G B;

Ŷ = 1.288 - 0.010 G B;

Ŷ = 5.196 - 0.028 G B;

Ŷ = 0.449 - 0.015 G B + 0.0007 G B 2;

Ŷ = 0.099 - 0.003 G B + 0.0002 G B 2;

Ŷ = 1.475 - 0.042 G B + 0.001 G B 2;

Ŷ = 6.996 - 0.105 G B + 0.006 G B 2;

Ŷ = 0.977 - 0.034 G B + 0.001 G B 2;

Ŷ = 0.752 - 0.005 G B;

Ŷ = 3.451 - 0.025 G B;

Ŷ = 13.847 - 0.066 G B;

Ŷ = 5.731 - 0.031 G B;

Ŷ = 23.262 - 0.080 G B;

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Low-purity crude glycerin as a nutrient substitute for corn: the effect on yields of goat organs and viscera

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: rayanegomes21@gmail.com