ISO 37120 sustainable development indicators: Rio de Janeiro and the Latin American scenario

Couto, Elisa de Almeida; Gregorio, Leandro Torres Di; Valle, Glauco; Haddad, Assed Naked; Soares, Carlos Alberto Pereira

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc0132r2vu2023L3OA

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 26 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0132r2vu2023L3OA copy

ISO 37120 sustainable development indicators: Rio de Janeiro and the Latin American scenario

Indicadores de desarrollo sostenible ISO 37120: Río de Janeiro y el escenario latinoamericano

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The socio-economic-environmental performance indicators have proved to be an important tool for monitoring and deciding in the management of cities, aiming at a more sustainable urban development. ISO 37120 represents a milestone in the standardization of sustainability indicators, enabling the comparison between different locations. The purpose of this study is to apply ISO 37120 to Rio de Janeiro and to analize both this process and the city’s performance in the Latin American scenario. There was an extensive documentary research to calculate the indicators of Rio de Janeiro. The comparison was made among Latin American cities that already had applied the standard and was based on standardized core indicators grouped according to sustainability axes. The application of the standard revealed weaknesses in obtaining data for Rio de Janeiro and managed to identify the city’s strengths and weaknesses in comparison with the others.

Keywords:
Sustainability indicators; sustainable cities; governance for sustainability; urban management; urban planning

General information
Bogota	Buenos Aires	Guadalajara	León	Rio de Janeiro¹
Country
Colombia	Argentina	Mexico	Mexico	Brazil
Population (people)
7,674,366 (2013)	2,890,151 (2010)	4,664,559 (2010)	1,514,077 (2014)	6,320,446 (2010)
Population density (people/km²)
4,835.77	14,450.80	5,316.35	1,261.73	5,266.26
HDI
0.800⁽²⁾	0.878⁽²⁾	0.824⁽³⁾	0.776⁽³⁾	0.799⁽⁴⁾
Certification reference year
2014	2015	2015	2015	2010

Section	Core indicators
Economy [Ec]	5.1. City’s unemployment rate
Economy [Ec]	5.3. Percentage of city population living in poverty
Education [So]	6.1. Percentage of female school-aged population enrolled in schools
	6.2. Percentage of students completing primary education: survival rate
	6.3. Percentage of students completing secondary education: survival rate
	6.4. Primary education student/teacher ratio
Energy [Ec]	7.2. Percentage of city population with authorized electrical service
Environment [En]	8.2. Particulate matter (PM10) concentration (x10-6 g/m³)
Environment [En]	8.3. Greenhouse gas emissions measured in tonnes per capita
Finance [Ec]	9.1. Debt service ratio (debt service expenditure as a percentage of a municipality’s ownsource revenue)
Governance [So]	11.1. Voter participation in last municipal election (as a percentage of eligible voters)
Governance [So]	11.2. Women as a percentage of total elected to city-level office
Health [So]	12.1. Average life expectancy
	12.2. Number of in-patient hospital beds per 100,000 population
	12.3. Number of physicians per 100,000 population
	12.4. Under age five mortality per 1,000 live births
Safety [So]	14.2. Number of homicides per 100,000 population
Shelter [So]	15.1. Percentage of city population living in slums
Solid waste [En]	16.1. Percentage of city population with regular solid waste collection
	16.2. Total collected municipal solid waste per capita (tons)
	16.3. Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is recycled
Telecommunications and innovation [Ec]	17.1. Number of internet connections per 100,000 population
Telecommunications and innovation [Ec]	17.2. Number of cell phone connections per 100,000 population
Transportation [En]	18.4. Number of personal automobiles per capita
Urban planning [En]	19.1. Green area (hectares) per 100,000 population
Wastewater [En]	20.1. Percentage of city population served by wastewater collection
Wastewater [En]	20.2. Percentage of the city’s wastewater that has received no treatment
Water and sanitation [En]	21.1. Percentage of city population with potable water supply service
	21.2. Percentage of city population with sustainable access to an improved water source
	21.3. Percentage of population with access to improved sanitation

Core indicators	Bogota	Buenos Aires	Guadalajara	León	Rio de Janeiro¹
5.1. [%]	9.00	4.36	5.30	4.72	7.28
5.3. [%]	10.19	29.07	33.30	49.99	11.10
6.1. [%]	98.71	96.80	75.19	81.83	94.26
6.2. [%]	NA	95.36	95.20	98.48	95.08
6.3. [%]	NA	65.80	83.40	96.33	78.17
6.4. [student/ teacher]	26.83	8.90	31.00	26.92	31.59
7.2. [%]	97.40	98.62	99.19	57.00	99.38
8.2. [x10^-6 g/m³]	47.90	24.00	49.26	50.65	67.00
8.3. [ton per capita]	2.43	4.40	4.61	3.34	3.58
9.1. [%]	NA	3.58	21.27	11.75	18.47
11.1. [%]	47.41	77.00	62.14	62.10	79.55
11.2. [%]	24.77	33.33	32.35	40.00	15.38
12.1. [years]	78.00	77.20	75.18	75.40	75.70
12.2. [/100,000 inhab.]	NA	247.96	93.58	181.37	335.49
12.3. [/100,000 inhab.]	26.99	NA	151.25	224.64	547.53
12.4. [/1,000 live births]	14.30	8.40	12.37	12.20	15.80
14.2. [/100,000 inhab.]	NA	6.06	19.80	10.96	29.50
15.1. [%]	6.44	8.52	8.60	29.74	22.84
16.1. [%]	99.91	98.00	97.46	98.00	98.67
16.2. [t]	NA	0.52	0.38	0.24	0.49
16.3. [%]	0.06	4.90	3.91	0.00	0.08
17.1. [/100,000 inhab.]	17,404.00	160,244.82	8,545.09	5,093.00	15,145.00
17.2. [/100,000 inhab.]	NA	34,743.20	110,286.78	85,749.10	112,690.00
18.4. [per capita]	0.13	0.75	0.39	0.30	0.25
19.1. [ha /100,000 inhab.]	43.30	62.46	4,465.48	14.96	730.52
20.1. [%]	98.36	96.80	97.16	98.90	70.12
20.2. [%]	63.92	60.06	21.00	8.93	13.48
21.1. [%]	98.99	97.42	97.60	98.90	97.89
21.2. [%]	99.87	97.42	97.60	100.00	98.89
21.3. [%]	98.36	92.03	97.16	100.00	99.15

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[1] Elisa de Almeida Couto ✉ elisa_ac93@poli.ufrj.br