A MONITORING SYSTEM PROPOSAL FOR URBAN PARKS IN VALLEY BOTTOMS

MARTINS, LARISSA FERNANDA VIEIRA; VENTURI, LUIS ANTONIO BITTAR; WINGTER, GIOVANNA BELEM

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc0024r3vu19L1AO

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 22 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0024r3vu19L1AO copy

A MONITORING SYSTEM PROPOSAL FOR URBAN PARKS IN VALLEY BOTTOMS¹ 1 . We wish to thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), Fundação do Ministério da Educação (MEC),for the doctoral studies scholarship granted to the first author which resulted in the present paper.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Urban parks must have physical, ecological and social functions and monitoring is necessary to achieve them. This article proposes a protocol for the monitoring of valley bottom parks. A measurement system was developed using indicators that allow identifying whether the park fulfills its functions and if there is conciliation of them. The indicators were segregated in two categories: i) Conservation and ii) Public Use. A score was composed for the final grade of each category (Conservation - CI and Public Use - PUI) from 0 to 10, indicating the degree of function achievement. The values CI and PUI values were matched in a matrix of conciliation between the functions. For validation, the method was applied to the Nascentes do Belem Park, in Curitiba, Brazil. The system proved to be efficient in identifying whether the park fulfills its functions and whether conciliation occurs. It also identified priority areas for management intervention.

Keywords:
urban park; environmental monitoring; environmental indicators, valley bottom

Indicator	Situation	Score	Weight
Type of occupation (dominant element) of the banks of the water course	Gallery forest (continuous)	10	3
	Gallery forest (partially fragmented)	8
	Grasses + individual trees and/or isolated shrubs	5
	Buildings	3
	Exposed soil	2
	Impermeable	0
Vegetation quality (in regard to its structure in the landscape)	Continuous along the watercourse + forest fragments	10	2
	Continuous along the water course	8,5
	Partly continuous along the watercourse + forest fragments	7
	Forest fragments	5
	Isolated individual trees	2
	Non-existent	0
Existence of forest fragments	Connection with internal and external fragments	10
	Connection with internal fragments	7,5
	Connection with external fragments	6	1
	Isolated	4
	Non-existent	0
Watercourse (physical layout)	Natural	10	1
	Rectified	8
	Dammed	5
	Open channeled	2
	Closed channeled	0
Urban Drainage	Non-existent or natural	10	1
	Drainage with energy dissipation at all points	7,5
	Drainage points with dissipation of energy and others without dissipation	4
	Drainage without dissipation	0
Sewage discharge	Non-existent	10	1
Sewage discharge	Existent	0	1
Type of public use	Discriminated I	10	1
	Discriminated II	6
	Not discriminated I	3
	Not discriminated II	0

Indicator	Situation	Scores	Weight
Solid Waste disposal	Waste bins spaced around 100 meters apart	10	1
	Waste bins spaced around 500 meters apart	6
	Waste bins spaced around 1000 meters apart	3
	Non-existent or hard to see or to access	0
Signs	Distributed throughout the length of the Park	10	1,5
	Present at the entrance + strategic points	6
	Present at the entrance only	2,5
	Non-existent	0
Toilets	Exist	10	1
Toilets	Non-existent	0	1
Visitor Center	Exist with information about the area	10	1
Visitor Center	Non-existent	0	1
Leisure Equipment	Sufficient	10	2
	Insufficient	4
	Non-existent	0
Rest Areas	Exist with benches and drinking water fountains	10	1,5
	Exist with benches	5
	Non-existent	0
Sports areas	Exist	10	2
Sports areas	Non-existent	0	2

Index	Degree of Function Fulfillment
0 ¬ 2	Non-existent
2.1 ¬ 4	Low
4.1 ¬ 6	Moderate
6.1 ¬ 8	Good
8.1 ¬ 10	High

Category	Indicator	Attributed score (S _a )	Score weight (P)	Final score (Sf) $S f = \frac{S_{a}}{10} x P$	Index
Conservation	Occupation of the banks of the watercourse	10	3	3	$IC = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} S f c_{i}$ IC= 9.6
	Quality of the vegetation (structure in the landscape)	10	2	2
	Forest fragments	10	1	1
	Watercourse	10	1	1
	Sewage discharge	10	1	1
	Urban drainage	10	1	1
	Type of public use	6	1	0.6
Public Use	Waste disposal	10	1	1	$IUP = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} S f u_{i}$ IUP= 2.7
	Signs	6	1,5	0.9
	Toilets	0	1	0
	Visitor Center	0	1	0
	Leisure Equipment	4	2	0.8
	Rest areas	0	1,5	0
	Sports areas	0	2	0

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[TFN1] Source: Elaborated by the authors.