Efficiency of Atrazine+2,4D or Paraforce in pre-emergent weed control of selected early maturing maize varieties (<i>Zea mays</i>)

Abdulsalam, Murtadha M.; Balogun, Olajoke S.

doi:10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2024;42:00017

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Research Article • Adv Weed Sci 42 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2024;42:00017 copy

Efficiency of Atrazine+2,4D or Paraforce in pre-emergent weed control of selected early maturing maize varieties (Zea mays)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Background:

Atrazine, a pre-emergent weed control, can be mixed with paraforce or 2,4-D, however, the efficiency of the mixture nor the growth and yield performance of maize varieties under this treatment in the tropics is well establihsed.

Objective:

To determine efficacy of atrazine mixed with paraforce or 2,4-D as weed control method and yield performance of four yellow maize varieties (PVASYN8F₂, BR9928-5R-Y, DSTRSYN2-Y and PVASYN2F₂).

Methods:

In two years, four yellow maize varieties (PVASYN8F₂, BR9928-5R-Y, DSTRSYN2-Y and PVASYN2F₂.) and atrazine (1.5kg ha^-1) mixed with paraforce, atrazine mixed with 2,4-D (1.5 L ha^-1 in equal ratio; hand weeding and weedy (check) plots were arranged in split-plot using randomized complete block design with three replications. Fertilizers and pest control were done as practiced in the Teaching and Research Farm. Data were collected on maize vegetative and reproductive characters and analyzed using SAS ver 9.4 and Microsoft Excel.

Results:

Weed control efficiency (80%) and number of leaves per plant recorded for atrazine + paraforce plot were the highest. No significant grain yield difference was recorded among the varieties, but maximum grain loss was observed in no weeding field and the lowest was found in field treated atrazine + paraforce followed by Atrazine + 2,4-D. BR-9928-5R-Y among the varieties showed the least 44% grain loss while PVA SYN 2 F₂ had the highest 53%.

Conclusions:

Atrazine + paraforce outperformed atrazine + 2,4-D as a pre-emergent weedicide and BR-9928-5R-Y variety produced the highest grain yield and minimum grain loss across all the treatments.

Keywords:
Weedicides; Grain Yield; Hand Weeding; Grain Loss; Maize

Month	Rainfall (mm)	Temperature (C)
April	228.1	19.1
May	198.1	20.1
June	190.2	20.2
July	197.1	19.8

Properties	Atrazine¹ 1 - Atrazine. (2023, February 4). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrazine	2, 4-D² 2 - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. (2022, December 13). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic_acid	Paraforce³ 3 - Paraquat. (2022, December 10). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraquat
Chemical formula	C₈H₁₄ClN₅	C₈H₆C_l2O₃	C₁₂H₁₄C_l2N₂
Molar mass	215.69 g·mol⁻¹	221.04 g·mol⁻¹	257.16 g·mol⁻¹
Density	1.187 g cm^-3	1.563 g cm^-3	1.25 g cm^-3
Melting point	175 °C	140.5 °C	175 to 180 °C
Boiling point	200 °C	160 °C	> 300 °C
Solubility in water	7 mg/100 mL	900 mg L^-3	High
Type	Selective pre- or postemergence herbicide	Post-emergence	Post-emergence

Characters	Varieties
Characters	PVA SYN 8F₂	BR 9928-5R-Y	DTSTR SYN 2-Y	PVA SYN 2F₂
Days to 50% germination	6.00± 0.30^ab	6.60±0.27^a	6.00±0.33^ab	5.55±0.28^b
Days to 50% anthesis	58.22± 0.30^a	58.44±0.29^a	58.28±0.31^a	58.44±0.39^a
Days to 50% silking	60.13± 0.30^a	60.42±0.30^a	60.28±0.31^a	60.42±0.39^a
Anthesis-silking interval	1.91± 0.07^a	1.98±0.02^a	2.00±0.00^a	1.98±0.02^a
Number of cob plant^-1	1.44± 0.08^a	1.58±0.10^a	1.40±0.09^a	1.61±0.10^a
Number of seed row^-1	23.37±1.18^a	24.96±1.42^a	22.47±1.32^a	23.42±1.48^a
Number of row cob^-1	14.35±1.07^ab	12.84±0.89^ab	14.86±1.17^a	12.42±0.83^b
100-seed weight (g)	12.17±0.56^a	13.27±0.74^a	12.48±0.76^a	11.69±0.59^a
Number of leaf plant^-1	9.44±0.27 ^a	9.31±0.29^a	9.30±0.31^a	9.19±0.30^a
Grain yield plant^-1	75.65±4.12^a	75.97±3.85^a	65.88±3.63^a	66.93±3.45^a

Characters	Treatment
Characters	ATRA+2,4-D	ATRA+Para	Hand weeding	N weeding
Days to 50% germination	6.23±0.28^a	6.20±0.33^a	5.73±0.30^a	5.90±0.35^a
Days to 50% anthesis	57.85±0.28^b	58.48±0.31^ab	59.33±0.38^a	57.77±0.28^b
Days to 50% silking	59.83±0.28^b	60.44±0.31^b	61.33±0.38^a	59.70±0.28^b
Anthesis-silking interval	1.98±0.02^a	1.96±0.03^a	2.00±0.00^a	1.93±0.07^a
Number of cob plant^-1	1.39±0.09^a	1.61±0.10^a	1.43±0.09^a	1.58±0.09^a
Number of seed row^-1	21.74±1.37^b	22.89±1.25^b	27.50±1.09^a	22.40±1.50^b
Number of row cob^-1	15.28±1.09^a	11.59±0.73^b	10.79±0.31^b	16.79±1.29^a
100-seed weight (g)	11.13±0.47^b	14.13±0.86^a	11.96±0.64^b	12.39±0.57^ab
Number of leaf plant^-1	9.00±0.27^a	9.44±0.27^ab	9.91±0.34^a	8.91±0.34^b
Grain yield plant^-1	66.91±3.83^a	73.92±2.72^a	76.18±5.54^a	65.64±3.95^a

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E-mail: sbcpd@sbcpd.org

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[1] * Corresponding author:
mosobalaje.murtadha@uniosun.edu.ng