dos Santos et al. [1414 Dos Santos SS, de Oliveira HA, Antonio EL, Teixeira ILA, Mansano BSDM, Silva FA, et al. Low-level laser therapy prevents muscle oxidative stress in rats subjected to high-intensity resistance exercise in a dose-dependent manner. Lasers Med Sci. 2020;35(8):1689-94.] |
Control: not submitted to RE or LLLT; RNI: submitted to a RE; RE+LLLT (4J); RE+LLLT (8J); RE+LLLT (12J) |
Skin on both legs with a slight overpressure to central, proximal, and distal sites on gastrocnemius muscle |
Acute |
PBMT applied prior to a high-intensity resistance exercise session |
de Oliveira et al. [1313 de Oliveira HA, Antonio EL, Silva FA, de Carvalho PTC, Feliciano R, Yoshizaki A, et al. Protective effects of photobiomodulation against resistance exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation in rats. J Sports Sci. 2018;36(20):2349-57.] |
Prior Exercise LLLT application: Control: n= 12; 2J irradiation: n= 12; 4J irradiation: n= 12; 8J irradiation: n= 13 Post Exercise LLLT application: Control: n= 10; 4J irradiation: n= 10 |
3 points on the hind legs |
Acute |
PBMT applied prior or post resistance exercise intervention |
Albuquerque-Pontes et al. [2020 Albuquerque-Pontes GM, Casalechi HL, Tomazoni SS, Serra AJ, Ferreira CSB, Brito RBO, et al. Photobiomodulation therapy protects skeletal muscle and improves muscular function of mdx mice in a dose-dependent manner through modulation of dystrophin. Lasers Med Sci. 2018; 33(4):755-64.] |
Wild type-WT (C57BL/10ScSn) Untreated: n=5; Placebo-control group: DMDmdx mice: n=5; 1 J group-DMDmdx mice: n= 5; 3J group-DMDmdx mice: n= 5; 10J group-DMDmdx mice: n= 5 |
Tibialis anterior muscle (bilaterally) |
Long-term |
PBMT was applied 3 times a week on non-consecutive days (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) for 14 weeks |
de Brito Vieira et al. [1515 de Brito Vieira WH, Ferraresi C, Schwantes MLB, de Andrade Perez SE, Baldissera V, Cerqueira MS, et al. Photobiomodulation increases mitochondrial citrate synthase activity in rats submitted to aerobic training. Lasers Med Sci. 2018;33(4):803-10.] |
RCG n= 10; RLG n= 9; ECG n= 16; ELG n= 19 |
Quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior, soleus and gluteus maximus muscles of both hind limbs |
Long-term |
PBMT was applied immediately after aerobic exercise intervention and effort test. The exercise protocol was realized for 5 weeks (from Sunday to Thursday) |
Assis et al. [1212 Assis L, Yamashita F, Magri AM, Fernandes KR, Yamauchi L, Renno ACM. Effect of low-level laser therapy (808 nm) on skeletal muscle after endurance exercise training in rats. Braz J Phys Ther. 2015;19(6):457-65.] |
CG n= 8; TG n= 8; TLG n= 8 |
Middle region of quadriceps, gluteus maximus, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles in both legs |
Long-term |
PBMT applied after endurance training for 8 weeks |
Perini et al. [1616 Perini JL, Hentschke VS, Sonza A, Dal Lago P. Long-term low-level laser therapy promotes an increase in maximal oxygen uptake and exercise performance in a dose-dependent manner in Wistar rats. Lasers Med Sci. 2016;31(2):241-8.] |
P-LLLT n= 10; 8.7 J/cm2-LLLT n= 10; 61.2 J/cm2-LLLT n= 10 |
Biceps femoris, gluteus, gastrocnemius, iliopsoas, adductor longus (bilaterally) |
Long-term |
The maximal exercise test was realized on a metabolic treadmill (adaptation, before PBMT and after PBMT). PBMT was applied for 10 days |
Silva et al. [2121 Silva AA, Leal-Junior EC, D'Avila Kde A, Serra AJ, Albertini R, França CM, et al. Pre-exercise low-level laser therapy improves performance and levels of oxidative stress markers in mdx mice subjected to muscle fatigue by high-intensity exercise. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30(6):1719-27.] |
WT group; mdx control group; mdx fatigue LLLT group; mdx fatigue group |
On the foreleg in the posterior region of gastrocnemius muscle |
Long-term |
PMBT was applied during three consecutive days. A forced exercise test on a treadmill was applied in last day of PMBT protocol. |
Paolillo et al. [1717 Paolillo FR, Arena R, Dutra DB, de Cassia Marqueti Durigan R, de Araujo HS, de Souza HC, et al. Low-level laser therapy associated with high intensity resistance training on cardiac autonomic control of heart rate and skeletal muscle remodeling in wistar rats. Lasers Surg Med. 2014;46(10):796-803.] |
CG n= 10; HIT n= 10; LLLT n= 10; HIT plus LLLT n= 10 |
Center of both right and left tibialis anterior muscle |
Long-term |
PBMT was applied after the high intensity resistance training. It was performed for 24 exercise sessions, three times per week for 8 weeks. |
Patrocinio et al. [1818 Patrocinio T, Sardim AC, Assis L, Fernandes KR, Rodrigues N, Renno AC. Effect of low-level laser therapy (808 nm) in skeletal muscle after resistance exercise training in rats. Photomed Laser Surg. 2013;31(10):492-8.] |
CG: n= 10; TG: n= 10; TGL: n= 10 |
Middle region of tibialis anterior belly of both legs |
Long-term |
PMBT was applied after the resistance training, performed three times per week, for 15 sessions. |
de Almeida et al. [1919 De Almeida P, Lopes-Martins RÁ, Tomazoni SS, Silva JA Jr, de Carvalho Pde T, Bjordal JM, et al. Low-level laser therapy improves skeletal muscle performance, decreases skeletal muscle damage and modulates mRNA expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Photochem Photobiol. 2011;87(5):1159-63.] |
CG: n= 6; LLLT 0.1J: n= 6; LLLT 0.3J: n= 6; LLLT 1.0J: n= 6; LLLT 3.0J: n= 6 |
Central part of dissected tibial muscle belly |
Acute |
PBMT was applied before the electrical stimulation protocol to induce tetanic contractions |