Mechanical and Micro-structural Properties of Ultra-High Strength Concrete: A Review

Natarajan, Sathyakumar; Chidambaram, Abinaya; Murugesan, Arun

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2024210793

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Review - Engineering, Technology and Techniques • Braz. arch. biol. technol. 67 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2024210793 copy

Mechanical and Micro-structural Properties of Ultra-High Strength Concrete: A Review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

As the demand for higher-strength of concrete is increasing, the research on Ultra-High Strength Concrete (UHSC) has the spectacular development in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to compare and summarize the properties of UHSC with different raw materials based on the published research and share it with researchers involved in the study of UHSC. Thus, papers relevant to UHSC were identified through a systematic literature search. The use of supplementary cementitious materials such as silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), nanomaterials and fibers that were widely used in UHSC was investigated. This results in UHSC with promising compressive strength and better workability. Curing under high temperatures found denser microstructure and higher strength than standard curing.

Keywords:
Ultra-high strength concrete; Silica fume; Supplementary cementitious materials; Compressive strength

HIGHLIGHTS

Optimum dosage of silica fume can provide better flowability with less porosity.

Heat curing and steam curing can increase the strength of Ultra-High Strength Concrete (UHSC).

Proper dosage of fibers can reduce the crack propagation and drying shrinkage.

SCM	Other components	w/b	Optimum % (bwoc)	Compressive strength (MPa)			References
SCM	Other components	w/b	Optimum % (bwoc)	with 0%	with optimum %	% increase in strength
SF	C	0.16	15	108.8	123.3	13.32%	[²2 Caijun Shi, Dehui Wang, Linmei Wu, Zemei Wu. The hydration and microstructure of ultra-high-strength concrete with cement-silica fume-slag binder. Cem Concr Compos 2015;61:44-52.]
SF	C	0.18	20	89	115	29.21%	[⁷7 Zemei Wu, Caijun Shi, Khayat K.H. Influence of silica fume content on microstructure development and bond to steel fiber in ultra-high strength cement-based materials (UHSC). Cem Concr Compos 2016;71:97-109.]
SF	C	0.18	30	76	152	100%	[²¹21 Nageh NM, Alaa AB, Mohamed AA. Ultra high strength concrete using economic materials. Int J Curr Eng Technol 2013;3(2):393-402.]
SF	C + Steel fiber	0.18	30	78.5	154.5	96.81%	[²¹21 Nageh NM, Alaa AB, Mohamed AA. Ultra high strength concrete using economic materials. Int J Curr Eng Technol 2013;3(2):393-402.]
Slag	C	0.16	25	108.8	113.7	4.50%	[²2 Caijun Shi, Dehui Wang, Linmei Wu, Zemei Wu. The hydration and microstructure of ultra-high-strength concrete with cement-silica fume-slag binder. Cem Concr Compos 2015;61:44-52.]
SF + Slag	C	0.16	11.1+16.7	108.8	126.9	16.63%	[²2 Caijun Shi, Dehui Wang, Linmei Wu, Zemei Wu. The hydration and microstructure of ultra-high-strength concrete with cement-silica fume-slag binder. Cem Concr Compos 2015;61:44-52.]
FA	C + SF	0.13	40	114	124	8.77%	[³3 Halit Yazici. The effect of curing conditions on compressive strength of ultra-high strength concrete with high volume mineral admixtures. Build Environ 2006;42:2083-9.]
GGBS	C + SF	0.13	40	114	118	3.50%	[³3 Halit Yazici. The effect of curing conditions on compressive strength of ultra-high strength concrete with high volume mineral admixtures. Build Environ 2006;42:2083-9.]
ITP	C + SF	0.37	15	130	148.8	14.46%	[¹⁹19 Kexin Huang, Xindan Zhang, Dong Lu, Ning Xu, Yingxin Gan, Xin Han. The role of iron tailing powder in ultra-high-strength concrete subjected to elevated temperatures. Adv Civ Eng 2021.]
Nano-SiO₂	C	0.2	4	100	128	30.32%	[²²22 Guang-Zhu Zhang, Hyeong-Kyu Cho, Xiao-Yong Wang. Effect of nano-silica on the autogenous shrinkage, strength and hydration heat of ultra-high strength Concrete. Appl Sci 2020;10(15):5202.]
Nano-SiO₂	C + SF	0.18	1	105	110	4.76%	[¹⁸18 Zemei Wu, Caijun Shi, Khayat KH, Shu Wan. Effects of different nanomaterials on hardening and performance of ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC). Cem Concr Compos 2016;70:24-34.]
Nano-CaCO₃	C + SF	0.18	4.8	105	118	13%	[¹⁸18 Zemei Wu, Caijun Shi, Khayat KH, Shu Wan. Effects of different nanomaterials on hardening and performance of ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC). Cem Concr Compos 2016;70:24-34.]
MWCNT	C + SF + GGBS	0.2	0.05	116.7	122.1	4.63%	[¹⁷17 Liulei Lu, Dong Ouyang, Weiting Xu. Mechanical properties and durability of ultra-high strength concrete incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Materials. 2016;9.]
GONS	C + SF + GGBS	0.2	0.01	117.3	126.5	7.82%	[²⁴24 Liulei Lu, Dong Ouyang. Properties of cement mortar and ultra-high strength concrete incorporating graphene oxide nanosheets. Nanomaterials. 2017;7:187.]
TBA	C + SF + Steel fiber +Quartz powder	0.18	15	180	191	6%	[²³23 Rajasekar A, Arunachalam K, Kottaisamy M, Saraswathy V. Durability characteristics of ultra-high strength concrete with treated sugarcane bagasse ash. Constr Build Mater 2018;171:350-6.]

SCM	Other components	w/b	Optimum % (bwoc)	Flexural strength (MPa)			References
SCM	Other components	w/b	Optimum % (bwoc)	with 0%	with optimum %	% increase in strength
SF	C	0.18	20	19	25	31.57%	[⁷7 Zemei Wu, Caijun Shi, Khayat K.H. Influence of silica fume content on microstructure development and bond to steel fiber in ultra-high strength cement-based materials (UHSC). Cem Concr Compos 2016;71:97-109.]
SF	C	0.18	30	8.95	14.73	64%	[²¹21 Nageh NM, Alaa AB, Mohamed AA. Ultra high strength concrete using economic materials. Int J Curr Eng Technol 2013;3(2):393-402.]
SF	C + Steel fiber	0.18	30	19.98	30.26	51.45%	[²¹21 Nageh NM, Alaa AB, Mohamed AA. Ultra high strength concrete using economic materials. Int J Curr Eng Technol 2013;3(2):393-402.]
ITP	C + SF	0.37	15	20.5	25.5	26.10%	[¹⁹19 Kexin Huang, Xindan Zhang, Dong Lu, Ning Xu, Yingxin Gan, Xin Han. The role of iron tailing powder in ultra-high-strength concrete subjected to elevated temperatures. Adv Civ Eng 2021.]
Nano-SiO₂	C + SF	0.18	1	22	24	9.00%	[¹⁸18 Zemei Wu, Caijun Shi, Khayat KH, Shu Wan. Effects of different nanomaterials on hardening and performance of ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC). Cem Concr Compos 2016;70:24-34.]
Nano-CaCo₃	C + SF	0.18	3.2	21.5	24	11.63%	[¹⁸18 Zemei Wu, Caijun Shi, Khayat KH, Shu Wan. Effects of different nanomaterials on hardening and performance of ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC). Cem Concr Compos 2016;70:24-34.]
MWCNT	C + SF + GGBS	0.2	0.05	9	9.68	7.50%	[¹⁷17 Liulei Lu, Dong Ouyang, Weiting Xu. Mechanical properties and durability of ultra-high strength concrete incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Materials. 2016;9.]
GONS	C + SF + GGBS	0.2	0.01	8.92	9.98	11.88%	[²⁴24 Liulei Lu, Dong Ouyang. Properties of cement mortar and ultra-high strength concrete incorporating graphene oxide nanosheets. Nanomaterials. 2017;7:187.]

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[1] *Correspondence: arun@psgitech.ac.in (A.M.).