Effects of Rootstock and Training System on Tree Canopy, Fruit Quality and Phytochemicals of ‘0900 Ziraat’ and ‘Regina’ Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Yilmaz, Umut Naci; Ozturk, Burhan; Aglar, Erdal; Saracoglu, Onur; Kaiser, Clive

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2023220688

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Article - Agriculture, Agribusiness and Biotechnology • Braz. arch. biol. technol. 66 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2023220688 copy

Effects of Rootstock and Training System on Tree Canopy, Fruit Quality and Phytochemicals of ‘0900 Ziraat’ and ‘Regina’ Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Both ‘0900 Ziraat’ and ‘Regina’ grafted on ‘Krymsk 5’, or ‘Piku 1’ rootstocks were trained to either Upright Fruiting Offshoots (UFO), Super Slender Axe (SSA) or Kym Green Bush (KGB) training systems. Vegetative growth of the tree, determined by measuring trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), canopy volume and leaf area, differed significantly, depending on the cultivar x rootstock x training system combination. In general, ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock resulted in trees with significantly thicker trunks (TCSA: 37.75 cm²) and increased leaf area (up to 86.97 cm²). Fruit weight and fruit quality parameters including Hunter a*, firmness, TSS and acidity were variable between rootstocks and training systems and often not significantly different between treatments. In some years however, significant differences were highly dependent on the training system and rootstock interactions. Higher concentrations of bioactive phytochemical concentrations for total monomeric anthocyanin and antioxidant concentrations were mostly associated with the UFO training system in conjunction with the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock suggesting that these are linked to increased tree vigour and increased leaf surface area.

Keywords:
canopy management; Prunus avium; health

HIGHLIGHTS

• The rootstock had a significant effect on the vegetative growth

• With the 0900 Ziraat × Krmysk 5 combination, the trees formed thicker TCSA

• The Regina × Piku 1 combination created the trees with a larger canopy

• The cultivar has affected fruit quality and bioactive compound content.

Scion	Rootstock	TCSA (cm²)
		2018
		KGB	UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	15.56 bc	14.12 cd	13.15 d
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	19.44 a	17.50 ab	16.10 b
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	14.13 cd	16.38 b	13.27 d
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	17.23 ab	16.35 b	14.42 cd
			2019
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	21.47 C	23.92 BC	20.47 CD
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	37.75 A	31.71 A	26.99 B
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	24.70 BC	18.28 D	18.22 D
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	29.07 AB	26.01 B	27.49 B

Scion	Rootstock	Canopy volume (m³)
		2018
		KGB	UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	1.41 a	0.94 a	1.62 a
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	2.11 a	1.94 a	3.43 a
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	1.33 a	1.05 a	2.37 a
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	2.36 a	1.88 a	3.37 a
			2019
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	2.10 B	1.35 B	2.16 AB
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	3.69 A	2.49 AB	4.05 A
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	3.09 A	1.93 B	2.21 AB
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	3.83 A	2.55 AB	4.63 A

Scion	Rootstock	Leaf area (cm²)
		2018
		KGB	UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	70.90 a	76.48 a	81.38 a
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	83.86 a	83.95 a	82.81 a
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	69.93 a	69.51 a	67.80 a
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	75.97 a	73.47 a	79.13 a
			2019
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	75.37 A	62.58 B	64.10 B
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	69.70 A	70.25 A	86.97 A
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	73.60 A	73.42 A	53.57 B
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	71.13 A	78.83 A	71.60 A

Scion	Rootstock	Fruit weight (g)
		2019
		UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	7.62 a	7.79 a
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	6.85 a	5.78 b
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	5.76 b	6.19 a
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	6.47 a	5.70 b
		2020
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	7.13 A	7.06 A
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	7.39 A	7.13 A
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	5.73 A	5.88 A
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	5.60 A	6.01 A

Scion	Rootstock	Hunter a*
		2019
		UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	30.59 a	29.74 a
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	32.00 a	33.36 a
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	34.14 a	32.07 a
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	32.84 a	33.18 a
		2020
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	25.09 AB	24.38 B
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	23.48 B	32.88 A
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	31.20 A	27.44 A
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	34.27 A	31.64 A

Scion	Rootstock	Fruit firmness *
		2019
		UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	44.80 a	38.03 b
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	35.89 b	28.47 c
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	40.93 a	27.97 c
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	34.98 b	27.03 c
		2020
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	57.77 B	50.63 B
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	71.32 A	68.45 A
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	62.15 B	58.58 B
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	80.45 A	73.73 A

Cultivars	Rootstock	TSS (%)
		2019
		UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	13.20 a	14.37 a
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	13.93 a	12.57 b
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	14.53 a	14.53 a
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	12.83 b	12.50 b
		2020
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	16.20 B	16.67 A
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	16.70 A	16.30 A
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	15.97 B	17.10 A
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	15.47 B	16.40 A

Scion	Rootstock	Acidity (g malic acid.100 mL^-1 juice)
		2019
		UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	0.51 b	0.61 a
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	0.58 a	0.56 b
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	0.62 a	0.62 a
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	0.54 b	0.56 b
		2020
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	0.90 B	0.96 B
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	0.96 B	1.01 A
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	0.99 A	0.92 B
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	0.95 B	0.99 A

Scion	Rootstock	Vitamin C (mg.100 g^-1 fw)
		2019
		UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	5.85 b	6.80 a
	‘Krymsk 5’	7.80 a	7.20 a
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	8.15 a	6.05 b
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	7.60 a	7.00 a
		2020
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	5.65 B	7.90 A
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	6.30 B	6.20 B
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	8.45 A	8.95 A
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	7.75 A	7.85 A

Scion	Rootstock	Total phenolics (µg GAE.g^-1 fw)
		2019
		UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	1276 a	1265 a
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	1048 b	1144 ab
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	1259 a	1184 ab
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	1053 b	1030 b
		2020
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	578 B	661 B
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	655 B	752 AB
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	967 A	778 AB
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	798 AB	837 A

Scion	Rootstock	Total monomeric anthocyanin (μg cy-3-glu.g⁻¹ fw)
		2019
		UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	28.38 b	19.20 b
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	40.44 a	28.75 b
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	31.99 b	18.84 b
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	36.86 a	26.37 b
		2020
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	4.91 B	7.94 A
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	4.25 B	3.49 B
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	4.45 B	9.51 A
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	4.05 B	9.93 A

Scion	Rootstock	Antioxidant concentration (µmol TEAC.g^-1 fw)
		2019
		UFO	SSA
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	3.21 b	3.50 a
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	3.97 a	3.12 b
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	3.68 a	3.39 b
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	3.63 a	3.31 b
		2020
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Piku 1’	2.10 B	2.54 B
‘0900 Ziraat’	‘Krymsk 5’	2.24 B	2.11 B
‘Regina’	‘Piku 1’	2.58 B	4.15 A
‘Regina’	‘Krymsk 5’	2.81 B	2.80 B

Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 - CIC, 81350-010 Curitiba PR Brazil, Tel.: +55 41 3316-3052/3054, Fax: +55 41 3346-2872 - Curitiba - PR - Brazil
E-mail: babt@tecpar.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Correspondence: burhanozturk55@gmail.com; Tel.: +90-5062036255 (B.O.)