Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Adaptation of Elite Varieties of Dryland Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Loess Plateau of China

Noor, Hafeez; Sun, Min; Ren, Aixia; Ding, Peng cheng; Noor, Fida; Ullah, Sana; Gao, Zhiqiang

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2023220069

Hafeez Noor

Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Taigu, Shanxi, China

Collaborative Innovation Center for high-quality and efficient production of characteristic crops on the Loess Plateau jointly built by provinces and ministries, Taigu, Shanxi, China

Shanxi Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

University College of Dera Murad Jamali Naseerabad (LUAWMS), Balochistan, Pakistan

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-0857

Min Sun ^**Correspondence: sunmin@sxau.edu.cn(M.S.)

Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Taigu, Shanxi, China

Collaborative Innovation Center for high-quality and efficient production of characteristic crops on the Loess Plateau jointly built by provinces and ministries, Taigu, Shanxi, China

Shanxi Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-9832

Aixia Ren

Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Taigu, Shanxi, China

Collaborative Innovation Center for high-quality and efficient production of characteristic crops on the Loess Plateau jointly built by provinces and ministries, Taigu, Shanxi, China

Shanxi Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9137-9508

Peng cheng Ding

Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Taigu, Shanxi, China

Collaborative Innovation Center for high-quality and efficient production of characteristic crops on the Loess Plateau jointly built by provinces and ministries, Taigu, Shanxi, China

Shanxi Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6925-3458

Fida Noor

Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Taigu, Shanxi, China

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3365-3211

Sana Ullah

University College of Dera Murad Jamali Naseerabad (LUAWMS), Balochistan, Pakistan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6545-6987

Zhiqiang Gao

Shanxi Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Taigu, Shanxi, China

Collaborative Innovation Center for high-quality and efficient production of characteristic crops on the Loess Plateau jointly built by provinces and ministries, Taigu, Shanxi, China

Shanxi Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-0288

*Correspondence: sunmin@sxau.edu.cn(M.S.)

Editor-in-Chief:

Bill Jorge Costa

Associate Editor:

Ivo Mottin Demiate

Conflicts of Interest:

The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.

Index	pH	SOM (g kg^-1)	Total N (g kg^-1)	Ammonium N (mg kg^-1)	Nitrate N (mg kg^-1)	Phosphorus (mg kg^-1)	Available K (mg kg^-1)
0-10 cm	7.9	9.5	0.61	2.5	6.6	14.6	129
10-20 cm	8.1	10.3	0.66	3.3	10.3	19.6	150
0-20 cm	7.9	9.9	0.69	2.9	8.5	17.1	139.5

Year	Fallow season	Sowing- Wintering	Wintering- Jointing	Jointing - Anthesis	Anthesis - Maturity	Total
2019-2020	254.5	50.0	8.9	36.7	73.3	423.4
2020-2021	288.9	109.6	43.9	5.1	71.4	518.9

Year	Cultivar	Photosynthetic characteristics ( kg ha^-1 )						Reserve N ( kg ha^-1)
		Residual part			Remobilised part			Residual part			Remobilised part
		Leaf	Stem + Leaf sheath Stem+ sheaths	Spike	Leaf	Stem + Leaf sheath Stem+ sheaths	Spike	Leaf	Stem + Leaf sheath Stem+ sheaths	Spike	Leaf	Stem + Leaf sheath Stem+ sheaths	Spike
2019-2020	YH-20410	3.17	7.59	1.00	19.53	6.97	0.54	0.00	0.00	0.00	7.06	13.54	14.28
	YH-618	0.00	3.91	0.70	22.76	11.35	3.83	0.00	0.00	0.00	9.08	13.89	16.95
	C-6359	0.00	4.83	0.52	21.45	11.34	2.25	0.00	0.00	0.00	5.94	12.18	10.23
	JM-92	0.09	6.45	0.54	21.60	11.85	2.30	0.00	0.00	0.00	5.71	10.85	10.60
	YH-805	6.53	0.41	1.32	22.51	5.59	2.30	0.00	0.00	0.00	5.58	13.33	7.89
	LH-6	0.00	8.28	1.55	21.57	10.46	1.87	0.00	0.00	0.00	7.45	18.52	9.06
	Mean	1.63	5.24	0.94	21.24	9.59	1.85	0.00	0.00	0.00	6.47	13.38	10.67
2020-2021	YH-20410	4.24	9.68	2.83	19.81	16.98	0.00	0.00	0.00	6.12	20.57	11.79	18.31
	YH-618	2.23	3.35	1.87	22.42	24.16	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.60	22.26	14.52	13.82
	C-6359	3.27	3.55	1.80	18.94	22.77	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.64	20.23	13.82	12.84
	JM-92	5.66	3.39	2.07	17.33	24.29	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.35	20.55	13.13	12.26
	YH-805	6.07	3.92	3.11	17.77	23.59	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.77	20.77	15.32	9.99
	LH-6	3.45	4.54	3.30	20.86	21.99	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.54	15.55	15.19	9.37
	Mean	3.82	4.74	2.17	19.19	22.30	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.67	19.99	13.96	12.77
Mean	YH-20410	2.71	8.64	1.91	19.67	11.98	0.27	0.00	0.00	3.56	13.82	12.67	7.14
	YH-618	1.12	3.63	1.29	22.59	17.76	1.91	0.00	0.00	1.30	15.67	14.21	8.47
	C-6359	1.64	4.19	1.16	20.20	17.05	1.12	0.00	0.00	1.32	13.08	13.00	5.12
	JM-92	2.88	4.92	1.30	19.46	18.07	1.15	0.00	0.00	1.17	13.13	11.99	5.30
	YH-805	6.30	2.16	2.22	20.14	14.59	1.15	0.00	0.00	1.38	13.17	14.32	3.94
	LH-6	1.73	6.41	2.43	21.22	16.22	0.93	0.00	0.00	1.27	11.50	16.85	4.53
	Mean	2.73	4.99	1.55	20.21	15.94	0.92	0.00	0.00	1.33	13.23	13.67	5.33
ANOVA
C		*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Y		*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
C×Y		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Year	Cultivar	N absorption (kg ha^-1)	N remobilized (kg ha^-1)				N Remobilised rate (%)
Year	Cultivar	N absorption (kg ha^-1)	Leaf	Stem + sheaths	Spike + glume	Total	Leaf	Stem + sheaths	Spike + glume	Total
2019-2020	YH-20410	24.88 ^b	26.18 ^a	20.51 ^d	14.82 ^a	61.52 ^b	55.39 ^a	51.58 ^e	61.19 ^b	55.29 ^c
	YH-618	29.35 ^a	23.93 ^b	25.94 ^b	13.78 ^b	63.65 ^a	50.60 ^b	68.07 ^a	62.93 ^a	59.32 ^a
	C-6359	18.85 ^d	22.55 ^c	24.77 ^b	12.48 ^c	59.81 ^c	48.88 ^c	64.51 ^b	61.88 ^a	57.11 ^b
	JM-92	29.67 ^a	20.85 ^d	22.70 ^c	12.90 ^c	56.45 ^d	45.42 ^d	61.21 ^c	62.80 ^a	54.52 ^c
	YH-805	23.21 ^b	20.50 ^d	18.92 ^e	10.19 ^d	49.61 ^e	50.26 ^b	55.55 ^d	57.14 ^d	53.53 ^c
	LH-6	20.15 ^c	20.74 ^d	33.27 ^a	10.93 ^d	64.94 ^a	44.93 ^d	74.36 ^a	57.51 ^c	59.09 ^a
	Mean	24.35	22.46	24.35	12.52	59.33	49.25	62.55	60.57	56.48
2020-2021	YH-20410	25.47 ^a	40.38 ^b	28.78 ^c	18.31 ^a	87.47 ^b	56.22 ^b	47.04 ^c	57.21 ^a	53.01 ^b
	YH-618	9.84 ^b	42.68 ^a	38.68 ^a	13.82 ^b	95.18 ^a	58.05 ^a	60.53 ^a	51.19 ^b	57.89 ^a
	C-6359	10.89 ^b	39.17 ^b	36.58 ^b	12.84 ^b	88.60 ^b	54.79 ^b	57.89 ^b	49.28 ^b	55.12 ^b
	JM-92	5.56 ^c	37.88 ^c	37.42 ^b	12.26 ^b	87.55 ^b	52.75 ^c	59.86 ^b	48.67 ^b	54.89 ^b
	YH-805	4.81 ^c	38.53 ^b	38.91 ^a	9.99 ^c	87.44 ^b	53.50 ^c	60.14 ^a	42.82 ^c	54.63 ^b
	LH-6	14.76 ^b	36.41 ^c	37.17 ^b	9.37 ^c	82.94 ^b	54.49 ^b	57.57 ^b	41.65 ^c	53.91 ^b
	Mean	11.89	39.17 ^a	36.26 ^a	12.77	88.21	54.97	57.17	48.47	54.91
Mean	YH-20410	25.18 ^a	33.28 ^b	24.64 ^d	16.57 ^a	74.49 ^b	55.81 ^a	49.31 ^d	59.21 ^a	54.15 ^c
	YH-618	19.61 ^b	33.31 ^b	32.31 ^b	13.81 ^b	79.42 ^a	54.33 ^a	64.31 ^a	57.06 ^b	58.61 ^a
	C-6359	14.87 ^c	30.86 ^c	30.68 ^b	12.66 ^c	74.21 ^b	51.84 ^b	61.21 ^b	55.58 ^c	56.11 ^b
	JM-92	17.61 ^b	29.36 ^c	30.06 ^b	12.58 ^c	72.01 ^c	49.08 ^b	60.54 ^b	55.73 ^c	54.71 ^c
	YH-805	14.01 ^c	29.52 ^c	28.91 ^c	10.09 ^d	68.52 ^d	51.88 ^b	57.85 ^c	49.98 ^d	54.08 ^c
	LH-6	17.45 ^b	28.57 ^c	35.22 ^a	10.15 ^d	73.94 ^c	49.71 ^b	65.96 ^a	49.58 ^d	56.50 ^b
	Mean	18.12	30.82	30.31	12.64	73.76	52.11	59.86	54.52	55.69
ANOVA
C		*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Y		*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
C×Y		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns	*

Year	N rate	Cultivar	Spike number (×10⁴ ha^-1)	Grains per spike	1000-grains weight (g)	Yield (t ha^-1)
2019-2020	N0	YH-20410	335.30 ^a	36.30 ^a	32.90 ^b	3.32 ^a
		YH-618	317.20 ^b	36.40 ^a	28.80 ^c	2.78 ^c
		C-6359	313.80 ^b	33.10 ^b	27.70 ^d	2.42 ^e
		JM-92	324.10 ^a	33.40 ^b	32.40 ^b	2.93 ^b
		YH-805	316.80 ^b	33.30 ^b	29.10 ^c	2.57 ^d
		LH-6	305.40 ^c	33.10 ^b	34.70 ^a	2.91 ^b
		Mean	318.8	34.3	30.9	2.82
	N180	YH-20410	399.0 ^a	38.80 ^b	38.10 ^b	4.82 ^a
		YH-618	399.0 ^a	39.80 ^a	36.30 ^c	4.72 ^b
		C-6359	397.3 ^a	36.80 ^c	35.30 ^c	4.25 ^d
		JM-92	390.5 ^b	37.40 ^c	39.00 ^ab	4.66 ^b
		YH-805	384.0 ^d	37.20 ^c	35.20 ^b	4.13 ^e
		LH-6	368.0 ^e	36.60 ^c	41.10 ^a	4.50 ^c
		Mean	389.6	37.8	37.5	4.51
2020-2021	N0	YH-20410	354.10 ^a	34.60 ^a	34.3 ^a	3.50 ^a
		YH-618	305.70 ^d	30.20 ^b	33.8 ^a	2.63 ^b
		C-6359	306.10 ^d	32.00 ^b	31.0 ^b	2.52 ^c
		JM-92	337.20 ^c	27.80 ^c	33.9 ^a	2.67 ^b
		YH-805	343.90 ^b	27.80 ^c	31.1 ^b	2.52 ^c
		LH-6	349.90 ^ab	28.50 ^c	33.10 ^ab	2.72 ^b
		Mean	332.8	30.1	32.9	2.76
	N180	YH-20410	409.50 ^a	37.0 ^a	39.70 ^b	4.95 ^a
		YH-618	384.50 ^c	35.0 ^b	42.60 ^a	4.91 ^a
		C-6359	390.00 ^b	35.5 ^bc	39.50 ^b	4.46 ^b
		JM-92	406.50 ^ab	31.0 ^c	40.80 ^b	4.24 ^c
		YH-805	416.90 ^a	31.0 ^c	37.70 ^c	4.06 ^e
		LH-6	414.20 ^a	31.5 ^c	39.20 ^b	4.12 ^d
		Mean	403.6	33.2	39.9	4.45
ANOVA
C			*	*	*	*
Y			*	*	*	*
N			*	*	*	*
C×Y			ns	ns	ns	ns
Y×N			*	ns	*	*
C×N			*	*	ns	ns
C×Y×N			ns	ns	ns	ns

[1] *Correspondence: sunmin@sxau.edu.cn(M.S.)

Brasil

Brasil

Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Adaptation of Elite Varieties of Dryland Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Loess Plateau of China

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS