Rhodotorula glutinis
|
Grape Must Concentrate |
85.13 µg/g dry cells |
721.33 µg/g dry cells |
Buzzini and Martini 1999Buzzini P, Martini A, Gaetani M, Turchetti B, Pagnoni UM, Davoli P. Optimization of carotenoid production by Rhodotorula graminis DBVPG 7021 as a function of a trace element concentration by means of response surface analysis. Enz Microbiol Technol. 2005; 36: 687-692.
|
Grape Must |
35.98 µg/g dry cells |
297.38 µg/g dry cells |
Glucose Syrup |
25.92 µg/g dry cells |
204 µg/g dry cells |
Beet Molasses |
31.95 µg/g dry cells |
268.57 µg/g dry cells |
Soybean Flour Extract |
96.28 µg/g dry cells |
708.41 µg/g dry cells |
Maize Flour Extract |
57.11 µg/g dry cells |
285.57 µg/g dry cells |
Seawater Medium |
30 mg/L *decrease in comparison with b-carotene (60 mg/L) |
- |
Bhosale and Gadre 2001Bhosale P, Gadre RV. Production of β-carotene by a Rhodotorula glutinis mutant in sea water medium. Bioresource Technol. 2001; 76:53-55.
|
Dark |
29.2 mg |
7.9 mg |
Sakaki et al. 2001Sakaki H, Nakanishi T, Tada A, Miki W, Komemushi S. Activation of torularhodin production by Rhodotorula glutinis using weak light irradiation. J Biosci Bioeng. 2001; 92: 294-297.
|
White Light |
32.2 mg |
14.2 mg |
R. rubra
|
Aerobic process |
- |
81 µg/g – 87% of the total carotenoids |
Ungureanu et al. 2012Ungureanu C, Marchal L, Chirvase AA, Foucault A. Centrifugal partition extraction, a new method for direct metabolites recovery from culture broth: Case study of torularhodin recovery from Rhodotorula rubra. Bioresource Technol. 2012;1-4.
|
Rhodotorula aurantiaca
|
Synthetic medium Solid – RPM |
9.6 µg/g |
120 µg/g |
Bonaly and Malenge 1968Bonaly R, Malenge JP. Biosynthese des carotenoides cycliques chez Rhodotorula mucilaginosa et Rhodotorula aurantiaca. Biochim Biops Acta. 1968; 164:306-316.
|
Synthetic medium Liquid – RPM |
7 µg/g |
48 µg/g |
Synthetic Medium Solid – CBS 2200 |
20.5 µg/g |
101 µg/g |
Synthetic Medium Liquid – CBS 2200 |
11.5 µg/g |
21 µg/g |
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa-135 |
YM broth |
365 µg/L |
47 µg/L |
Maldonade et al. 2008Maldonade IR, Rodriguez-Amaya DB, Scamparini AR. Carotenoids of yeasts isolated from the Brazilian ecosystem. Food Chem. 2008; 107:145-150.
|
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa-137 |
YM broth |
352 µg/L |
24 µg/L |
Rhodotorula graminis-125 |
YM broth |
186 µg/L |
Traces |
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa-108 |
YM broth |
307 µg/L |
65 µg/L |
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa-12 |
YM broth |
372 µg/L |
10 µg/L |
Rhodotorula glutinis
|
YM broth |
261 µg/L |
20 µg/L |
Rhodotorula minuta
|
YM broth |
Traces |
Traces |
Sporobolomyces
|
YM broth |
71 µg/L |
10 µg/L |
Sporobolomyces ruberrimus
|
Glycerol |
- |
285.71 µg/g |
Cardoso 2008 |
- |
0.81 mg/g |
Razavi 2006Razavi SH, Marc I. Effect of temperature and pH on the growth kinetics and carotenoid production by Sporobolomyces ruberrimus H110 using technical glycerol as carbon source. Iran J Chem Eng. 2006; 25: 59-64.
|
Technical glycerol |
- |
276.44 µg/g |
Cardoso 2008 |
- |
3.55 mg/g |
Razavi 2006Razavi SH, Marc I. Effect of temperature and pH on the growth kinetics and carotenoid production by Sporobolomyces ruberrimus H110 using technical glycerol as carbon source. Iran J Chem Eng. 2006; 25: 59-64.
|
YM broth |
- |
3840 µg/g |
Gonçalves 2012Gonçalves VN. Produção e extração de carotenoides produzidos por Sporobolomyces ruberrimus utilizando subprodutos industriais [Dissertação Mestrado]. Curitiba, Brasil: Universidade Positivo; 2012.
|
- |
20.83 µg/g |
Zoz 2014Zoz, LIC. Avaliação dos efeitos do extrato bruto de levedura Sporobolomyces ruberrimus em ratos [Dissertação Mestrado]. Curitiba, Brasil: Universidade Positivo; 2014.
|
Sugar cane molasses |
- |
2624 µg/g |
Gonçalves 2012Gonçalves VN. Produção e extração de carotenoides produzidos por Sporobolomyces ruberrimus utilizando subprodutos industriais [Dissertação Mestrado]. Curitiba, Brasil: Universidade Positivo; 2012.
|