Brazilian Oat Cultivars Grown without Pesticides for Use in Agroecologically-Based Production Systems

Alessi, Odenis; Silva, José Antonio Gonzalez da; Carvalho, Ivan Ricardo; Pansera, Vanessa; Peter, Cibele Luisa; Rosa, Juliana Aozane da; Conceição, Gerusa Massuquini; Diel, Pedro; Babeski, Cristhian Milbradt; Jung, Julia Sarturi

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2024230569

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Article - Agriculture, Agribusiness and Biotechnology • Braz. arch. biol. technol. 67 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2024230569 copy

Brazilian Oat Cultivars Grown without Pesticides for Use in Agroecologically-Based Production Systems

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Strategies for evaluating oat leaf diseases and using cultivars for pesticide-free growing enable more sustainable managements with food safety. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal timing for assessing genetic variability of resistance to leaf diseases among Brazilian oat cultivars through analysis of necrotic leaf area; and identify the most suitable cultivars for agroecologically-based production systems through analysis of grain yield and necrotic leaf area using adaptability and stability parameters. The experiment was carried out in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, using a randomized block design with three replications for evaluating 22 Brazilian oat cultivars (recommended and no longer recommended for cultivation) grown under no fungicide applications, from 2015 to 2020. Necrotic leaf area was measured at 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 days after plant emergence (DAE), using the WinDIAS software (Copyright 2012, Delta-T Devices Limited); grain yield was determined after harvesting grains with approximately 15% moisture. Regarding the necrotic leaf area analysis, the highest genetic variability of resistance to leaf diseases in the Brazilian oat cultivars evaluated was observed between 90 and 105 DAE. Regarding grain yield and necrotic leaf area, the oat cultivars URS Altiva, URS Charrua, UPFPS Farroupilha, and UPFA Gauderia stood out as the most suitable genetic resources for agroecologically-based production systems.

Keywords:
Avena sativa L; herbicide; fungicide; food safety; Agenda 2030

HIGHLIGHTS

Meteorological conditions help control oat foliar diseases.

Dimensioning the resistance to foliar diseases of oats in grain filling.

Disease-resistant oat cultivars favor agroecological cultivation.

Develop more sustainable agricultural systems with food security.

Month	Mean temperature (°C)			Mean RH (%)			Rainfall (mm)		GY	NLA	Class
Month	Min	Max	Mean	Min	Max	Mean	last 30 years^*		(kg/ha)	(%)	P	D
2015
May	13	23	18	68	96	82	161	181	1229	70	UY	FY
June	10	21	16	67	96	82	141	228
July	11	21	16	67	95	81	131	211
August	13	25	19	58	93	76	111	86
September	13	21	17	57	94	76	149	127
October	15	25	20	47	92	70	227	161
Total	-	-	-	-	-	-	920	994
2016
May	11	21	16	65	95	80	161	55	3206	11	FY	UY
June	5	19	12	54	94	74	141	10
July	9	22	15	60	92	76	131	80
August	9	23	16	60	92	76	111	160
September	8	23	16	53	90	72	149	56
October	12	25	19	53	91	72	227	326
Total	-	-	-	-	-	-	920	687
2017
May	14	22	18	72	92	82	161	434	1146	99	UY	FY
June	11	22	16	64	92	78	141	146
July	8	24	16	43	89	66	131	10
August	11	24	18	54	91	73	111	117
September	15	27	21	60	91	76	149	161
October	14	27	20	56	92	74	227	304
Total	-	-	-	-	-	-	920	1172
2018
May	13	26	20	59	93	76	161	63	923	100	UY	AF
June	7	19	13	67	95	81	141	104
July	9	20	15	66	95	81	131	80
August	6	20	13	58	93	76	111	107
September	13	25	19	58	94	76	149	184
October	16	25	20	47	92	70	227	243
Total	-	-	-	-	-	-	920	780
2019
May	14	22	18	68	96	82	161	202	736	94	UY	FY
June	12	24	18	50	92	71	141	55
July	8	19	13	55	94	74	131	90
August	8	22	15	48	92	70	111	69
September	11	24	17	48	91	69	149	99
October	15	28	21	47	90	68	227	236
Total	-	-	-	-	-	-	920	751
2020
May	9	22	15	57	95	76	161	173	982	97	UY	FY
June	11	21	16	72	94	83	141	291
July	8	19	13	68	95	81	131	336
August	10	23	16	58	93	76	111	156
September	12	25	18	60	94	77	149	48
October	14	30	22	44	91	67	227	52
Total	-	-	-	-	-	-	920	1056

Oat cultivars	NLA_2015(FY)					NLA_2016(UY)					NLA_2017(FY)
Oat cultivars	60	75	90	105	120	60	75	90	105	120	60	75	90	105	120
URS Altiva	0	1^S	51	69	100	0	0	3	7	39	1	3^S	28	98	100
URS Brava	0	1^S	36	53	100	0	0	4	7	37	2	5	43	99	100
URS Guara	0	15	54	76	100	0	0	3	6	46	2	6	42	98	100
URS Estampa	0	27	32	35^S	100	0	6	9	13	38	1	5	39	99	100
URS Corona	2	16	51	98	100	0	0	4	9	37	1	4	22^S	99	100
URS Torena	0	9	53	69	100	0	0	2^S	4^S	42	2	5	36	99	100
URS Charrua	0	11	49	63	100	0	1	8	18	43	1	4	29	99	100
URS Guria	0	23	51	62	100	0	0	5	8	51	1	6	47	98	100
URS Tarimba	0	25	47	59	100	0	1	9	20	48	1	9	38	99	100
URS Taura	0	23	68	89	100	1	3	6	13	49	2	8	31	99	100
URS 21	0	5	42	65	100	0	1	6	14	44	1	3^S	69	99	100
FAEM 007	0	2^S	40	88	100	0	3	7	15	38	1	12	49	99	100
FAEM 006	0	4	40	97	100	0	0	8	18	45	2	8	48	99	100
FAEM 5 Chiarasul	0	6	62	96	100	0	1	2^S	4^S	45	1	4	38	98	100
FAEM 4 Carlasul	0	1^S	42	75	100	0	0	2^S	3^S	41	1	3^S	31	99	100
Brisasul	1	4	24^S	37^S	100	2	4	5	6	36	1	3^S	31	99	100
Barbarasul	1	4	45	86	100	0	1	2^S	5	52	1	3^S	38	99	100
URS Fapa Slava	0	29	46	52	100	0	0	15	32	38	2	5	43	99	100
IPR Afrodite	1	2^S	61	94	100	0	0	3	5	34^S	1	4	16^S	99	100
UPFPS Farroupilha	0	5	38	64	100	0	1	3	8	37	1	3^S	38	99	100
UPFA Ouro	0	3	20^S	30^S	100	0	1	5	10	38	1	3^S	60	99	100
UPFA Gauderia	0	12	17^S	27^S	100	0	1	3	6	26^S	1	4	52	99	100
Mean	0	10	44	67	100	0	1	5	11	41	1	5	39	99	100
$σ^{2}$	1	64	169	484	0	0	4	9	49	36	0	4	144	0	0
Oat Cultivars	NLA_2018(FY)					NLA_2019(FY)					NLA_2020(FY)
Oat Cultivars	60	75	90	105	120	60	75	90	105	120	60	75	90	105	120
URS Altiva	1	2	52	100	100	0	4	36	99	100	1	3	31	97	100
URS Brava	1	3	56	100	100	1	5	38	96	100	1	2	21	93	100
URS Guara	1	2	78	100	100	1	4	35	100	100	1	6	34	99	100
URS Estampa	1	5	57	100	100	1	1	49	98	100	0	3	6^S	99	100
URS Corona	0	1^S	50	100	100	0	2^S	43	98	100	1	1^S	13	97	100
URS Torena	1	3	54	100	100	1	6	48	97	100	1	4	17	94^S	100
URS Charrua	0	3	40^S	100	100	0	5	59	99	100	1	2	20	99	100
URS Guria	0	3	77	100	100	1	5	53	99	100	1	4	28	98	100
URS Tarimba	0	4	78	100	100	1	11	56	96	100	1	1^S	13	93^S	100
URS Taura	1	4	68	100	100	0	8	56	99	100	1	6	15	93^S	100
URS 21	0	3	74	100	100	0	8	33	99	100	0	2	17	99	100
FAEM 007	2	10	55	100	100	0	7	33	96	100	1	3	21	99	100
FAEM 006	1	1^S	58	100	100	1	18	56	99	100	1	8	15	100	100
FAEM 5 Chiarasul	1	3	45	100	100	0	2^S	66	99	100	0	2	18	99	100
FAEM 4 Carlasul	0	2	47	100	100	0	5	53	95	100	0	0^S	20	97	100
Brisasul	1	6	50	100	100	1	8	44	91^S	100	0	6	24	97	100
Barbarasul	1	2	74	100	100	1	8	60	98	100	0	3	38	98	100
URS Fapa Slava	1	4	41^S	100	100	1	8	73	99	100	1	4	16	96	100
IPR Afrodite	1	5	45	100	100	1	6	33	94	100	0	2	15	96	100
UPFPS Farroupilha	1	16	46	100	100	1	9	42	89^S	100	0	1^S	14	93^S	100
UPFA Ouro	2	4	67	100	100	1	12	43	85^S	100	1	4	15	100	100
UPFA Gauderia	0	7	47	98	100	1	2^S	12^S	99	100	0	2	20	97	100
Mean	1	4	57	100	100	1	7	46	97	100	1	3	20	97	100
$σ^{2}$	1	9	169	0	0	0	16	196	16	0	1	4	64	4	0

Oat Cultivars	NLA_{90 DAE} (%)					NLA_{105 DAE} (%)
Oat Cultivars	$b_{0}$	$b_{1}$	$δ^{2}$	R²	MS	$b_{0}$	$b_{1}$	$δ^{2}$	R²	MS
(2015+2016+2017+2018+2019+2020)
URS Altiva	33b	0.82^*	65^*	77	281^*	78b	1.04	-5	99	7
URS Brava	32b	0.90	-3	93	74	74c^S	1.05	27^*	98	104^*
URS Guara	41a^I	1.14^*	135^*	78	491^*	80b	1.04	14^*	98	67^*
URS Estampa	32b	0.99	47^*	85	227^*	74c^S	1.04	225^*	88	700^*
URS Corona	31b	0.97	74^*	81	308^*	83a^I	0.96	186^*	88	583^*
URS Torena	34b	1.07	-1	95	80	77b	1.06^*	-1	99	17
URS Charrua	34b	0.82^*	107^*	69	407^*	79b	0.93^*	6	99	40
URS Guria	43a^I	1.25^*	-6	97	65	77b	1.03	-1	99	19
URS Tarimba	40a^I	1.30^*	39^*	92	204^*	77b	0.89^*	21^*	97	87^*
URS Taura	40a^I	1.30^*	105^*	85	400^*	82a^I	0.92^*	83^*	93	272^*
URS 21	40a^I	1.17^*	252^*	69	843^*	79b	0.98	-1	99	17
FAEM 007	34b	0.90	37	85	196	82a^I	0.92^*	65^*	94	217^*
FAEM 006	37a	1.05	11	92	120	85a^I	0.88^*	133^*	89	423^*
FAEM 5 Chiarasul	38a	1.10	164^*	74	578^*	82a^I	1.03	176^*	90	552^*
FAEM 4 Carlasul	32b	0.92	15	90	131	78b	1.06^*	13^*	98	64^*
Brisasul	29b^S	0.75^*	35	80	189	71d^S	1.08^*	161^*	91	506^*
Barbarasul	42a^I	1.15^*	76^*	85	315^*	80a	1.03	79^*	95	260^*
URS Fapa Slava	39a	0.86	208^*	59	710^*	79b	0.79^*	102^*	90	330^*
IPR Afrodite	28b^S	0.88	200^*	61	685^*	81a^I	1.00	166^*	90	522^*
UPFPS Farroupilha	30b^S	0.87	-17	97	31	75c^S	1.00	1	99	28
UPFA Ouro	35b	1.07	252^*	65	842^*	75d^S	1.05	291^*	85	896^*
UPFA Gauderia	26b^S	0.62^*	243^*	40	814^*	75d^S	1.11^*	316^*	85	971^*
Mean	35					78
Standard deviation	5					3

Oat Cultivars	Grain Yield (kg/ha)						$n$ S
Oat Cultivars	2015_(AD)	2016_(AF)	2017_(AD)	2018_(AD)	2019_(AD)	2020_(AD)
URS Altiva	2321^S	2893	1103	1535^S	1097^S	1143	3
URS Brava	1230	3298	1024	1477^S	825	1046	1
URS Guara	1486	3553	1138	1310^S	746	728^I	1
URS Estampa	1555	3266	790^I	1173	719	1068	0
URS Corona	804	3780^S	976	1153	702	1025	1
URS Torena	1348	2861	859^I	1087	556	1376^S	1
URS Charrua	1616	3584	983	741	1026^S	1166	1
URS Guria	1949^S	2311^I	1150	670	507	1088	1
URS Tarimba	1386	3350	910^I	635^I	655	568^I	0
URS Taura	863	2231^I	1069	1078	645	765	0
URS 21	1552	3312	1025	1099	672	753^I	0
FAEM 007	579^I	3752^S	1436^S	716	678	801	2
FAEM 006	749^I	3461	1340	773	867	990	0
FAEM 5 Chiarasul	727^I	3036	1380^S	803	540^I	766	1
FAEM 4 Carlasul	1352	3802^S	1620^S	767	572	713^I	2
Brisasul	1066	3362	1031	676	594	1009	0
Barbarasul	680^I	3358	1220	729	555	771	0
URS Fapa Slava	1189	2081^I	954	740	536^I	857	0
IPR Afrodite	566^I	4096^S	1199	690	774	1103	1
UPFPS Farroupilha	1324	3354	1459^S	691	747	1309^S	2
UPFA Ouro	1386	2736	1237	797	1031^S	1281^S	2
UPFA Gauderia	1308	3055	1317	975	1140^S	1267^S	2
Mean	1229	3206	1146	923	736	982
Standard deviation	448	522	213	274	190	227

Cultivars	Grain Yield (kg/ha)
Cultivars	$b_{0}$	$b_{1}$	$δ^{2}$	R²	MS
(2015+2016+2017+2018+2019+2020)
URS Altiva	1781a^S	0.69^*	198515^*	70	631443^*
URS Brava	1483b	0.96	53011^*	93	194930^*
URS Guara	1493b	1.12^*	46578^*	95	175631^*
URS Estampa	1428b	1.00	59774^*	93	215219^*
URS Corona	1406b	1.24^*	69612^*	95	244734^*
URS Torena	1314c	0.85^*	39644^*	93	154829^*
URS Charrua	1619b^S	1.11^*	57048^*	95	202186^*
URS Guria	1279c	0.63^*	198426^*	66	631174^*
URS Tarimba	1250c	1.15^*	31146^*	96	129335^*
URS Taura	1108d	0.60^*	15230	93	81588
URS 21	1402b	1.05	36175^*	96	144420^*
FAEM 007	1227c	1.29^*	115748^*	93	383140^*
FAEM 006	1363b	1.11^*	68268^*	94	240699^*
FAEM 5 Chiarasul	1208c	0.99	57153^*	93	207356^*
FAEM 4 Carlasul	1471b	1.29^*	57029^*	96	206983^*
Brisasul	1289c	1.12^*	-292	99	35017
Barbarasul	1118c	1.14^*	41696^*	96	160986^*
URS Fapa Slava	1059d	0.58^*	7718	94	59050
IPR Afrodite	1404b	1.41^*	132767^*	93	434199^*
UPFPS Farroupilha	1518b^S	1.03	42574^*	95	163617^*
UPFA Ouro	1410b	0.72^*	17510^*	95	84568^*
UPFA Gauderia	1516b^S	0.82^*	6337	97	54907
Mean	1370
Standard Deviation	145

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