Performance of Soybean Seedlings Upon Nutrient Application by Seed Coating

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different seed coatings consisting of various combinations of three nutrients (calcium, magnesium and silicon) on two soybean cultivars (BRS 243 RR and CD 233 RR). Dolomitic limestone and aluminum silicate were chosen as the nutrient sources. Leaf area, plant height, shoots dry matter, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were the studied variables, evincing that the seed coating that comprised calcium, magnesium and silicon led to better performance in terms of growth rates 30 days after emergence. Significant differences in the response to the seed coatings were also observed between the two studied soybean genotypes.

Key words:
Glycine max (L.) Merr.; growth rate; leaf area; micronutrients; seed treatment.

Authorship

Cassyo de Araújo Rufino

Federal University of Pelotas - Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilFederal University of PelotasBrazilPelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Federal University of Pelotas - Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Lizandro Ciciliano Tavares

Pablo Martín-Ramos ^**Author for correspondence: pmr@unizar.es

Universidad de Zaragoza - Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, EPSH Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, Huesca, Spain; Universidad de ZaragozaSpainHuesca, Spain Universidad de Zaragoza - Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, EPSH Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, Huesca, Spain;

Jucilayne Fernandes-Vieira

José de Souza Abreu Júnior

Fábio Júnior Araújo Silva

Marciabela Fernandes-Correa

Universidad de Valladolid - Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain.Universidad de ValladolidSpainValladolid, Castilla y León, Spain Universidad de Valladolid - Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain.

Jesús Martín-Gil

^*Author for correspondence: pmr@unizar.es

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (5)

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Table 1
Chemical characterization of the soil: acidity, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, macronutrients and micronutrients.

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Table 2
Dry weight, leaf area and plant height of the soybean plants for the different seed coating treatments 10 days after emergence. All values are in average ± standard deviation.

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Table 3
Dry weight, leaf area and plant height of the soybean plants for the different seed coating treatments 20 days after emergence. All values are in average ± standard deviation.

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Table 4
Dry weight, leaf area and plant height of the soybean plants for the different seed coating treatments 30 days after emergence. All values are in average ± standard deviation.

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Table 5
Crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate of the soybean plants -for the different seed coating treatments- 10, 20 and 30 days after emergence.

Table 1 Chemical characterization of the soil: acidity, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, macronutrients and micronutrients.

pH	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al	ECEC	Saturation (%)		SMP buffer
pH	(cmol_c·dm^-3)				Al	Base
4.3	1.3	0.7	0.9	7.7	3.1	29.0	22	5.5
OM (%)		Silt (%)		P-Mehlich		K	CEC_{pH 7}		Zn	Mn	Na	Fe (%)
OM (%)		Silt (%)		(mg/dm³⁾		(cmol_c·dm^-3)		(mg/dm³⁾
2.49		16		7.1		42	9.9		18.6	105	16	0.15

CEC: cation exchange capacity; ECEC: effective CEC; SMP: Shoemaker-McLean-Pratt buffer method; OM: organic matter; P-Mehlich: Mehlich-3 soil phosphorus test. pH in water 1:1. Exchangeable Ca, Mg, Al and Mn extracted with KCl 1 mol·l^-1. Silt determined by densitometer method. OM determined by wet digestion. P, K, Na and Zn determined by Mehlich-method.

Table 2 Dry weight, leaf area and plant height of the soybean plants for the different seed coating treatments 10 days after emergence. All values are in average ± standard deviation.

Nutrient combinations			Dry weight (g)
			BRS 243 RR		CD 233 RR		Average
Ca + Mg + Si			0.28±0.04 aA		0.22±0.05 aB		0.25
Ca + Mg			0.29±0.03 aA		0.25±0.02 aB		0.27
Si			0.27±0.10 aA		0.15±0.01 bC		0.21
Control			0.14±0.04 bB		0.34±0.02 aA		0.24
Average			0.24		0.24
Std. dev.			0.07		0.08
CV			29.66%		32.47%
Nutrient combinations	Leaf area (cm²⁾				Plant height (cm)
	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Average	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Average
Ca + Mg +Si	101.96±2.20 aB	93.27±4.52 aA	97.61	15.36±0.17 aA	13.40±0.50 aB	14.38
Ca + Mg	135.41±16.76 aA	73.57±15.18 bB	104.49	12.58±0.63 aB	11.53±0.68 aC	12.05
Si	100.08±9.88 aB	65.33±9.35 bC	82.71	10.75±0.44 aB	12.90±0.75 aB	11.83
Control	96.04±2.32 bB	106.39±3.73 aA	101.21	11.63±1.09 bC	15.80±1.25 aA	13.71
Average	108.37	84.64		12.58	13.41
Std. dev.	18.19	18.64		2.00	1.78
CV	16.79%	22.03%		15.89%	13.29%

* Average values followed by the same lowercase letter in the row and by the same uppercase letter in the column do not differ statistically among them, according to Tukey's HSD test at 5%.

Table 3 Dry weight, leaf area and plant height of the soybean plants for the different seed coating treatments 20 days after emergence. All values are in average ± standard deviation.

Nutrient combinations			Dry weight (g)
			BRS 243 RR		CD 233 RR		Average
Ca + Mg +Si			1.30±0.27 aB		1.21±0.09 aB		1.25
Ca + Mg			1.65±0.12 aB		1.48±0.32 aB		1.56
Si			1.53±0.23 aB		1.32±0.10 aB		1.43
Control			2.23±0.51 aA		2.33±0.18 aA		2.28
Average			1.68		1.58
Std. dev.			0.39		0.51
CV			23.50%		32.09%
Nutrient combinations	Leaf area (cm²⁾				Plant height (cm)
	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Average	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Average
Ca + Mg +Si	556.97±28.88 aA	341.06±35.68 bA	449.01	27.88±1.36 b^ns	33.85±2.11 aA	30.86
Ca + Mg	353.2±31.95 aB	312.05±49.25 aA	332.62	27.20±2.37 a	26.38±3.28 aB	26.79
Si	393.39±56.73 aB	266.58±49.35 bB	329.98	26.50±1.17 a	22.78±0.69 aC	24.64
Control	425.2±51.26 aB	394.58±40.20 bA	409.89	25.48±1.33 a	27.60±1.27 aB	26.54
Average	432.19	328.57		26.76	27.65
Std. dev.	88.25	53.63		1.03	4.61
CV	20.42%	16.32%		3.83%	16.68%

* Average values followed by the same lowercase letter in the row and by the same uppercase letter in the column do not differ statistically among them, according to Tukey's HSD test at 5%.

Table 4 Dry weight, leaf area and plant height of the soybean plants for the different seed coating treatments 30 days after emergence. All values are in average ± standard deviation.

Nutrient combinations			Dry weight (g)
			BRS 243 RR		CD 233 RR		Average
Ca + Mg +Si			5.57±0.28 aA		4.12±0.63 aB		4.85
Ca + Mg			3.80±0.78 aB		3.33±0.36 aB		3.57
Si			3.88±0.45 aB		2.61±0.30 aC		3.24
Control			4.65±0.06 aB		4.97±0.66 aA		4.81
Average			4.47		3.76
Std. dev.			0.83		1.01
CV			18.48%		27.00%
Nutrient combinations	Leaf area (cm²⁾				Plant height (cm)
	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Average	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Average
Ca + Mg +Si	716.59±56.31 bA	855.55±27.61 aA	786.07	43.30±4.86 aB	46.85±1.60 aA	45.08
Ca + Mg	756.91±26.44 bA	849.35±25.84 aA	803.13	42.50±0.75 aB	36.98±1.18 bC	39.74
Si	613.58±67.46 aB	418.99±19.34 bC	516.28	51.30±0.91 aA	39.00±3.03 bB	45.15
Control	651.92±49.95 aB	672.33±34.22 aB	662.12	37.93±1.88 bB	42.10±1.15a B	40.01
Average	684.75	699.05		43.76	41.23
Std. dev.	64.20	205.13		5.56	4.30
CV	9.38%	29.34%		12.70%	10.42%

* Average values followed by the same lowercase letter in the row and by the same uppercase letter in the column do not differ statistically among them, according to Tukey's HSD test at 5%.

Table 5 Crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate of the soybean plants -for the different seed coating treatments- 10, 20 and 30 days after emergence.

Crop growth rate (mg·plant^-1·day^-1)
Nutrient combinations	10 DAE			20 DAE			30 DAE
Nutrient combinations	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Avg.	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Avg.	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Avg.
Ca + Mg + Si	27.80 aA	22.41 aB	25.10	102.00 ^†	98.72 ^†	100.36	427.30 aA	290.88 bA	359.09
Ca + Mg	28.88 aA	24.88 aB	26.88	136.20	122.68	129.44	214.55 aC	185.85 bC	200.20
Si	27.23 aA	14.90 bC	21.06	126.13	116.88	121.50	234.43 aC	129.15 bD	181.79
Control	13.58 bB	33.80 aA	23.69	208.98	198.93	203.95	242.80 aB	263.80 aB	253.30
Average	24.37	24.00		143.33	134.30		279.77	217.42
Std. dev.	7.23	7.79		46.06	44.28		99.07	73.79
Relative growth rate (mg·plant^-1·day^-1)
Nutrient combinations		10 DAE			44.28		99.07	73.79		20 DAE			30 DAE
Nutrient combinations		BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Avg.	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Avg.	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Avg.
Ca + Mg + Si		-		-	-	0.15 aB		0.17 aB	0.16	0.15 ^†A	0.12 ^†A	0.13
Ca + Mg		-		-	-	0.17 aB		0.18 aB	0.18	0.08 B	0.08 B	0.08
Si		-		-	-	0.17 aB		0.22 aA	0.20	0.09 B	0.07 B	0.08
Control		-		-	-	0.28 aA		0.19 bB	0.24	0.07 B	0.08 B	0.07
Average		-		-		0.20		0.19		0.10	0.09
Std. dev.		-		-		0.06		0.02		0.03	0.02
Net assimilation rate (mg·cm^-2·day^-1)
Nutrient combinations		10 DAE				0.06		0.02		20 DAE			30 DAE
Nutrient combinations		BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Avg.	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Avg.	BRS 243 RR	CD 233 RR	Avg.
Ca + Mg + Si		-		-	-	0.38 ^†C		0.52 ^†B	0.45	0.67 ^†A	0.52 ^†A	0.60
Ca + Mg		-		-	-	0.60 B		0.74 C	0.67	0.41 B	0.35 B	0.38
Si		-		-	-	0.59 B		0.82 A	0.70	0.47 B	0.38 B	0.43
Control		-		-	-	0.94 A		0.90 A	0.92	0.46 B	0.51 A	0.48
Average		-		-		0.63		0.75		0.50	0.44
Std. dev.		-		-		0.23		0.17		0.12	0.09

* Average values followed by the same lowercase letter in the row and by the same uppercase letter in the column do not differ statistically among them, according to Tukey's HSD test at 5%.
^†
There was no significant interaction among the factors.

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Performance of Soybean Seedlings Upon Nutrient Application by Seed Coating

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[1] ^*Author for correspondence: pmr@unizar.es