Craft Brewery Wastewater Treatment: a Fixed-Bed Single-Batch Reactor with Intermittent Aeration to Remove COD and TN

Roveroto, Gabriela Pereira; Teles, Jessica Cristine; Vuitik, Guilherme Araújo; Batista, Jesiane Stefânia da Silva; Barana, Ana Cláudia

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-75years-2021200613

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Article - 75 years - Special Edition • Braz. arch. biol. technol. 64 (spe) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-75years-2021200613 copy

Craft Brewery Wastewater Treatment: a Fixed-Bed Single-Batch Reactor with Intermittent Aeration to Remove COD and TN

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS

A fixed-bed single-batch reactor with intermittent aeration was used to remove COD and TN from brewery wastewater.

The surface response from CCD showed that, when using the same HRT, the higher the aeration time the higher the efficiency.

Good quality effluent was obtained with 20 h HRT and 3 h aeration time, in a 4 h cycle.

Polyurethane foam (Mini Biobob^©) is an adequate biofilm media support to promote the SND process.

The correction of influent alkalinity promoted better COD and TN removal efficiencies than with no such correction.

Abstract

This study evaluated an intermittently aerated, fixed-bed, single-batch reactor, with mini BioBob^© as biofilm media support, as an alternative treatment of craft brewery wastewater. In order to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN), seven conditions were performed in a central composite experimental design (CCD) with different aeration times (1, 2 and 3 h in a 4 h cycle) and hydraulic retention times (HRT) (12, 16 and 20 h). The results showed that the removal of COD and TN were positively affected by increased aeration time and HRT. The condition that presented the best quality effluent was Condition No. 1 (20 h HRT and 3 h aeration), with 209 ± 28 mg COD L^-1; 3.00 ± 0.15 mg TKN L^-1 _; and 0.67 ± 0.11 mg NO₃-N L^-1. Kinetic assays showed that the highest values for the substrate removal rate constant, k_COD = 0.1774 h^-1 were obtained with the longest aeration time (3 h). The most probable number (MPN) test showed a higher concentration of denitrifying bacteria (heterotrophic), 3.3 x 10⁶, than for AOB and NOB bacteria (autotrophic), which were 4.9 x 10³ and 2.7 x 10³, respectively. Moreover, it was possible to verify that correcting the influent alkalinity with 7.14 mg CaCO₃ for each 1 mg of TKN resulted in better process efficiency. It was concluded that COD and TN can be removed from craft brewery wastewater using an intermittently aerated, fixed-bed, single-batch reactor with mini Biobob^© as biofilm media support.

Keywords:
simultaneous nitrification and denitrification; polyurethane foam; MPN method; mini Biobob^®

Parameter	Value
pH	3-12
Temperature (^oC)	18-40
COD (mg L^-1)	2,000-10,000
BOD (mg L^-1)	1,200-3,600
TN (mg L^-1)	25-80
TS (mg L^-1)	5,100-8750
TP (mg L^-1)	10-50

Condition	Coded values		Real values
Condition	HRT	Aeration	HRT (h)	Aeration On/Off (h)
1	1	1	20	3/1
2	1	-1	20	1/3
3	-1	1	12	3/1
4	-1	-1	12	1/3
5	0	0	16	2/2
6	0	0	16	2/2
7	0	0	16	2/2

Condition	OLR (kg DQO m^-3d^-1)	Influent COD/N	Influent COD (mg L^-1)	Effluent COD (mg L^-1)	OLR_rem (kg DQO m^-3d^-1)	Removal efficiency (%)
1	19.3	107	2,682 ± 30	209 ± 28	17.8	92
2	18.7	111	2,596 ± 79	729 ± 67	13.4	71
3	26.1	108	2,175 ± 60	615 ± 7	18.7	71
4	26.3	109	2,196 ± 17	1,129 ± 3	26.3	48
5	18.6	98	2,066 ± 18	579 ± 3	13.4	71
6	19.8	110	2,207 ± 32	571 ± 32	14.7	74
7	19.7	104	2,196 ± 67	564 ± 6	14.7	74

Cond.	Influent		Effluent					Efficiency
Cond.	TKN (mg L^-1)	NH₄-N (mg L^-1)	TKN (mg L^-1)	NO₃-N (mg L^-1)	NL NL_rem (Kg N m^-3 d^-1)		TN (%)	Nitrif (%)	Denitrif (%)
1	25 ± 0.02	1.83 ± 0.01	3.00 ± 0.15	0.67 ± 0.11	0.18	0.15	85	88	97
2	24 ± 0.03	1.78 ± 0.01	7.68 ± 0.42	2.39 ± 0.20	0.17	0.10	59	69	86
3	20 ± 0.20	1.48 ± 0.01	5.17 ± 0.20	1.04 ± 0.02	0.24	0.12	69	75	93
4	20 ± 0.20	1.48 ± 0.01	11.12 ± 0.31	1.47 ± 0.03	0.24	0.07	38	46	84
5	21 ± 0.72	1.65 ± 0.02	6.30 ± 0.57	1.16 ± 0.29	0.19	0.12	65	70	92
6	20 ± 0.28	1.57 ± 0.01	6.02 ± 0.57	1.09 ± 0.15	0.18	0.12	65	71	92
7	21 ± 0.86	1.62 ± 0.01	6.31 ± 0.86	0.92 ± 0.20	0.19	0.12	65	70	92

Conditions	pH		Alkalinity
			Influent	Effluent
			Influent	Theoretical*	Measured
	Influent	Effluent	(mg CaCO₃ L^-1)
1	5.91 ± 0.01	8.47 ± 0.10	151 ± 0.5	132	125 ± 2
2	5.73 ± 0.25	8.24 ± 0.14	138 ± 0.5	96	100 ± 3
3	4.98 ± 0.05	7.78 ± 0.07	117 ± 0.5	89	95 ± 1
4	4.99 ± 0.05	7.39 ± 0.04	118 ± 0.5	67	69 ± 4
5	5.26 ± 0.01	8.64 ± 0.02	122 ± 0.6	90	96 ± 2
6	5.22 ± 0.02	8.69 ± 0.03	125 ± 0.6	93	97 ± 2
7	5.23 ± 0.03	8.59 ± 0.02	124 ± 0.5	91	94 ± 3

Parameters	No alkalinity correction		With alkalinity correction
Parameters	Influent	Effluent	Influent	Effluent
COD (mg L^-1)	2,683 ± 10	566 ± 36	2,682 ± 30	209 ± 27
TKN (mgL^-1)	25 ± 0.20	10 ± 0.60	25 ± 0.02	3 ± 0.15
NH₄-N (mgL^-1)	1.83 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.00	1.83 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.00
NO₂-N (mgL^-1)	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00
NO₃-N (mgL^-1)	0.00 ± 0.00	4.41 ± 0.78	0.00 ± 0.00	0.67 ± 0.11
pH	4.72 ± 0.12	5.16 ± 0.04	5.91 ± 0.01	8.47 ± 0.10
Alkalinity (mgCaCO₃L^-1)	26 ± 0.01	59 ± 2.88	151 ± 0.48	125 ± 2.53

Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775 - CIC, 81350-010 Curitiba PR Brazil, Tel.: +55 41 3316-3052/3054, Fax: +55 41 3346-2872 - Curitiba - PR - Brazil
E-mail: babt@tecpar.br

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[1] *Correspondence: acbarana@uepg.br; Tel.: +55-42-32203268 (A.C.B.)