Moisture, mineral, dietary fiber, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, fatty acids |
Drying and heating samples, enzymatic hydrolysis, Kjeldahl method, Soxhlet, gas chromatography |
Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platensis, Nannochloropsis gaditana, Nannochloropsis oculata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Porphyridium cruentum
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[4242 Matos ÂP, Feller R, Moecke EHS, de Oliveira JV, Junior AF, Derner RB, et al. Chemical characterization of six microalgae with potential utility for food application. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 2016;93(7):963-72.] |
Elemental composition, protein, amino acids, sugars, lipids, fatty acids, carotenoids |
Bligh and Dyer method, Kjeldahl method, thermogravimetric analysis, HPLC, GC, infrared spectrometry, total organic carbon analysis |
Chlorella sp. |
[4646 Viegas CV, Hachemi I, Mäki-Arvela P, Smeds A, Aho A, Freitas SP, et al. Algal products beyond lipids: Comprehensive characterization of different products in direct saponification of green alga Chlorella sp. Algal Res. 2015;11:156-64.] |
Minerals determination |
Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) |
Marine microalgae (36 algal species) |
[5858 Silva BF, Wendt EV, Castro JC, Oliveira AEd, Carrim AJI, Vieira JDG, et al. Analysis of some chemical elements in marine microalgae for biodiesel production and other uses. Algal Res. 2015;9:312-21.] |
Lipids, fatty acids, total carotenoids |
Supercritical CO2, subcritical n-butane, UV-Vis spectrophotometer |
Nannochloropsis oculata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Porphyridium cruentum
|
[44 Feller R, Matos ÂP, Mazzutti S, Moecke EHS, Tres MV, Derner RB, et al. Polyunsaturated ?-3 and ?-6 fatty acids, total carotenoids and antioxidant activity of three marine microalgae extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 and subcritical n-butane. J Supercrit Fluid. 2018;133:437-43.] |
Lipids, fatty acids |
Soxhlet (hexane, ethanol, chloroform:methanol), compressed fluids (propane), supercritical (CO2, ethanol, hexane) |
Choricystis minor var. minor
|
[5959 da Cruz Lima AA, Szczerbowski D, Zandoná Filho A, Derner RB, Corazza ML, Ramos LP. Choricystis minor var. minor lipids: Extraction using conventional and pressurized solvents and assessment of their potential to produce fatty acid methyl esters. Algal Res. 2018;33:28-35.] |
Lipids, fatty acids |
Soxhlet (hexane), compressed fluids (propane), supercritical CO2 + EtOH |
Muriella decolor
|
[6060 da Silva Nonato N, Nottar Escobar EL, Kochepka DM, Bianchini Derner R, Montes D'Oca MG, Corazza ML, et al. Extraction of Muriella decolor lipids using conventional and pressurized solvents and characterization of their fatty acid profile for biodiesel applications. J Supercrit Fluid. 2020;158:104750.] |
Carotenoids (violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, β-carotene) |
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) |
Aphanothece microscopica, Phormidium autumnale
|
[5353 Manzoni Maroneze M, Jacob-Lopes E, Queiroz Zepka L, Roca M, Pérez-Gálvez A. Esterified carotenoids as new food components in cyanobacteria. Food Chem. 2019;287:295-302.] |
Protein, chlorophyll, lipids, amino acids, organic acids |
Kjeldahl method, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Soxhlet, HPLC, GC |
Scenedesmus obliquus CPC05 |
[6161 Vendruscolo RG, Fagundes MB, Maroneze MM, do Nascimento TC, de Menezes CR, Barin JS, et al. Scenedesmus obliquus metabolomics: effect of photoperiods and cell growth phases. Bioproc Biosyst Eng. 2019;42(5):727-39.] |
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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHBs) |
Six different PHBs methods studied, property analysis (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, molecular mass, X-ray diffraction, monomeric composition) |
Spirulina sp. LEB-18 |
[6262 Costa SS, Miranda AL, Assis DdJ, Souza CO, de Morais MG, Costa JAV, et al. Efficacy of Spirulina sp. polyhydroxyalkanoates extraction methods and influence on polymer properties and composition. Algal Res. 2018;33:231-8.] |
Protein (techno-functional and physicochemical properties) |
Protein solubility, water absorption capacity, foaming and emulsifying properties, rheological behaviour |
Spirulina sp. LEB-18 |
[5454 Lupatini Menegotto AL, Souza LESd, Colla LM, Costa JAV, Sehn E, Bittencourt PRS, et al. Investigation of techno-functional and physicochemical properties of Spirulina platensis protein concentrate for food enrichment. LWT. 2019;114:108267.] |
Protein, lipids, peptides (nanoemulsions) |
Enzymatic hydrolysis, degree protein hydrolysis, nanoemulsions preparation (ultra turrax), stability of nanoemulsions, DPPH assay |
Spirulina sp. LEB-18 |
[6363 Costa AM, Bueno KTL, Rosa APCd, Costa JAV. The antioxidant activity of nanoemulsions based on lipids and peptides from Spirulina sp. LEB18. LWT. 2019;99:173-8.] |
Proximate composition, nutritional content, physical properties (snack enriched with Spirulina) |
Extrusion, flavoring, in vitro protein digestibility, expansion index, bulk density, hardness, water absorption index and water solubility index, color analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microbiological, sensory and stability analyses |
Spirulina sp. LEB-18 |
[5252 Lucas BF, Morais MGd, Santos TD, Costa JAV. Spirulina for snack enrichment: Nutritional, physical and sensory evaluations. LWT. 2018;90:270-6.] |
Phenolic compounds, encapsulation (liposome), antifungal activity |
HPLC, multilamellar large vesicles liposome preparation, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry |
Spirulina sp. LEB-18 |
[6464 Pagnussatt FA, de Lima VR, Dora CL, Costa JAV, Putaux J-L, Badiale-Furlong E. Assessment of the encapsulation effect of phenolic compounds from Spirulina sp. LEB-18 on their antifusarium activities. Food Chem. 2016;211:616-23.] |
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), C-phycocyanin, phenolic compounds (latex paint formulations) |
Paint characterization (density, solid content, pigment and hiding power, abrasion resistance and adhesion, drying time, resistance of paints to fungal growth, reflectance and emissivity) |
Spirulina sp. LEB-18 |
[5656 Cruz CG, da Silveira JT, Ferrari FM, Costa JAV, da Rosa APC. The use of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), C-phycocyanin, and phenolic compounds extracted from Spirulina sp. LEB 18 in latex paint formulations. Prog Org Coat. 2019;135:100-4.] |
Phycocyanin (food grade) |
Freeze-thaw extraction, microfiltration and ultrafiltration purification |
Arthrospira platensis
|
[5555 Brião VB, Sbeghen AL, Colla LM, Castoldi V, Seguenka B, Schimidt GdO, et al. Is downstream ultrafiltration enough for production of food-grade phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis? J Appl Phycol. 2020.] |
Squalene, sterols (cholesterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol) |
Sterol extraction by direct saponification, gas chromatography identification |
Phormidium autumnale
|
[88 Fagundes MB, Falk RB, Facchi MMX, Vendruscolo RG, Maroneze MM, Zepka LQ, et al. Insights in cyanobacteria lipidomics: A sterols characterization from Phormidium autumnale biomass in heterotrophic cultivation. Food Res Int. 2019;119:777-84.] |
Fatty acids, free amino acids, organic compounds (succinic, malic and citric acids) |
Bligh and Dyer method, gas chromatography identification |
Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, Phormidium
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[6565 Vendruscolo RG, Facchi MMX, Maroneze MM, Fagundes MB, Cichoski AJ, Zepka LQ, et al. Polar and non-polar intracellular compounds from microalgae: Methods of simultaneous extraction, gas chromatography determination and comparative analysis. Food Res Int. 2018;109:204-12.] |
Sugars and carbohydrates (arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, cellobiose) |
One-step dilute sulphuric acid hydrolysis followed by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) |
Chlorella sorokiniana, Mychonastes homosphaera
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[5050 Souza MFd, Pereira DS, Freitas SP, Bon EPdS, Rodrigues MA. Neutral sugars determination in Chlorella: Use of a one-step dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis with reduced sample size followed by HPAEC analysis. Algal Res. 2017;24:130-7.] |