Screening of Beneficial Microorganisms to Improve Soybean Growth and Yield

Silva, Mariana Aguiar; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Lanna, Anna Cristina; Silva, Gisele Barata da; Fernandes, João Pedro Tavares; Elias, Marina Teixeira Arriel

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2020190463

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Article - Agriculture, Agribusiness and Biotechnology • Braz. arch. biol. technol. 63 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2020190463 copy

Screening of Beneficial Microorganisms to Improve Soybean Growth and Yield

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this research was to identify the best microorganisms, alone or in mixture for total biomass gain (root + shoot), positive change in gas exchange, nutrient uptake (root, shoot and grain) and yield and yield components in the soybean crop. Trial under greenhouse conditions had the experimental design in a completely randomized scheme with 26 treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of the rhizobacteria BRM 32109, BRM 32110 and 1301 (Bacillus sp.), BRM 32111 and BRM 32112 (Pseudomonas sp.), BRM 32113 (Burkholderia sp.), BRM 32114 (Serratia sp.), Ab-V5 (Azospirillum brasilense) and 1381 (Azospirillum sp.), and the fungus Trichoderma asperellum (a mix of the isolates UFRA.T06, UFRA.T09, UFRA.T12 and UFRA.T52). Besides, the same isolates were combined in pairs, completing 16 combinations. Control treatments received no microorganism. Microorganisms applied isolated or in combination, provided biomass gain, positive gas exchange, increases in nutrients uptake at the shoot and grain, and improved grain yield and its components than control plants. Stood out the combination Ab-V5 + T. asperellum pool, which provided a 25% improvement in grain yield.

Keywords:
glycine max ; bioagent; growth promotion; nutrient uptake; gas exchange; grain yield

Treatment	Microorganism(s)
1	BRM 32109
2	BRM 32110
3	BRM 32111
4	BRM 32112
5	BRM 32113
6	BRM 32114
7	1301
8	1381
9	T. asperellum pool
10	Ab-V5

11	BRM 32114 + BRM 32110
12	BRM 32114 + Ab-V5
13	BRM 32114 + T. asperellum pool
14	BRM 32110 + Ab-V5
15	BRM 32110 + T. asperellum pool
16	Ab-V5 + T. asperellum pool
17	1381 + 1301
18	1381 + Ab-V5
19	1301 + Ab-V5
20	1381 + BRM 32114
21	1301 + BRM 32114
22	1381 + BRM 32110
23	1301 + BRM 32110
24	1381 + T. asperellum pool
25	1301 + T. asperellum pool
26	Control (no microorganism)

Code^A	Origin^B	Color^C	Biochemical^D					Taxonomic^E
Code^A	Origin^B	Color^C	AIA^F	Celul.^G	phos^phor	Sider.^I	Biofilm^J
BRM 32109	GO/Brazil	White		+	+		+	Bacillus sp.
BRM 32110	PA/Brazil	White		+	+	+	+	Bacillus sp.
BRM 32111	PA/Brazil	Yellow		+	+	+	+	Pseudomonas sp.
BRM 32112	GO/Brazil	Yellow		+	+	+	+	Pseudomonas sp.
BRM 32113	PA/Brazil	Pink	+	+		+	+	Burkholderia sp.
BRM 32114	PA/Brazil	Pink	+	+	+	+	+	Serratia sp.
Ab-V5	PR/Brazil	Yellow	+	+	+	+	+	Azospirillum sp.
1381		White	+	+	+	+	+	Azospirillum sp.
1301		White	+	+	+	+	+	Bacillus sp.

Parameters	A Photosynthetic rate	E Transpiratory rate	gs Stomatal conductance	Ci Internal CO₂ concentration	EiC Instantaneous Carboxylation Efficiency
Unit	(μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	(mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	(mol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	(μmol mol^-1)	(μmol m^-2 s^-1) (μmol mol^-1)^-1)

Microorganisms	A	E	Gs	Ci	EiC
	(μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	(mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	(mol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	(μmol mol^-1)	(μmol m^-2 s^-1) (μmol mol^-1)^-1
32109	8.05 c	3.96	0.79	341	0.024 c
32110	12.67 abc	3.37	0.58	299	0.043 abc
32111	9.99 bc	3.75	0.68	296	0.035abc
32112	12.18 abc	2.86	0.44	280	0.044 abc
32113	11.02 abc	2.92	0.54	308	0.038 abc
32114	20.96 abc	2.79	0.51	265	0.076 ab
1301	10.01 bc	2.89	0.51	256	0.040 abc
1381	11.60 abc	3.56	0.68	297	0.042 abc
Trichoderma pool	18.58 abc	3.59	0.63	318	0.060 abc
Ab-V5	19.51 abc	3.75	0.79	318	0.060 abc
32114 + 32110	12.32 abc	3.70	0.51	289	0.044 abc
32114 +Ab-V5	15.18 abc	3.66	0.60	278	0.053 abc
32114 + T. pool	24.88 ab	2.42	0.40	292	0.079 ab
32110 + Ab-V5	12.97 abc	3.85	0.91	312	0.043 abc
32110 + T. pool	17.45 abc	3.39	0.52	292	0.059 abc
Ab-V5+ T. pool	9.29 c	4.36	1.03	341	0.028 c
1381 + 1301	12.55 abc	3.47	0.64	283	0.045 abc
1381 + Ab-V5	8.95 c	3.55	0.60	322	0.027 c
1301 + Ab-V5	25.24 a	4.03	0.79	312	0.080 a
1381 + 32114	9.21 c	3.51	0.58	255	0.049 abc
1301 + 32114	7.55 c	2.93	0.48	320	0.023 c
1381 + 32110	9.64 c	2.27	0.38	273	0.037 abc
1301 + 32110	25.25 a	3.59	0.58	361	0.066 abc
1381 + T. pool	6.87 c	3.29	0.51	303	0.026 c
1301 + T. pool	12.36 abc	2.88	0.49	278	0.044 abc
No microorganism	10.25 abc	3.88	0.68	324	0.032 bc

Microorganism	Shoot	Root	Total
	-----------------grams plant^-1-------------
32109	5.07 cde	22.14 cd	27.22 cd
32110	4.93 cde	26.07 bcd	31.00 bcd
32111	4.63 de	24.85 bcd	29.48 bcd
32112	4.53 e	21.87 cd	26.40 cd
32113	5.62 bcde	26.27 bcd	31.89 bcd
32114	5.44 bcde	20.45 d	25.90 d
1301	5.20 bcde	37.95 ab	43.15 ab
1381	6.43 bcde	26.87 bcd	25.90 d
T. asperellum pool	6.78 ab	28.95 bcd	35.73 abcd
Ab-V5	5.29 bcde	24.21 bcd	29.50 bcd
32114 + 32110	5.10 cde	24.58 bcd	29.69 bcd
32114 +Ab-V5	6.13 bcd	26.91 bcd	33.04 bcd
32114 + T. asperellum pool	5.68 bcde	15.47 d	21.16 d
32110 + Ab-V5	6.42 abc	20.21 d	26.64 cd
32110 + T. asperellum pool	5.48 bcde	35.72 abc	41.21 abc
Ab-V5 + T. asperellum pool	6.09 bcde	24.69 bcd	30.79 bcd
1381 + 1301	5.58 bcde	27.08 bcd	32.66 bcd
1381 + Ab-V5	6.20 bcd	21.83 cd	28.03 cd
1301 + Ab-V5	5.80 bcde	24.95 bcd	30.76 bcd
1381 + 32114	7.84 a	27.16 bcd	35.00 bcd
1301 + 32114	6.45 abc	43.45 a	49.90 a
1381 + 32110	5.79 bcde	25.59 bcd	31.38 bcd
1301 + 32110	5.76 bcde	29.21 bcd	34.97 bcd
1381 + T. asperellum pool	6.11 bcd	25.16 bcd	31.27 bcd
1301 + T. asperellum pool	5.93 bcde	18.32 d	24.26 d
No microorganism	5.51 bcde	22.89 cd	28.40 bcd

Microorganism	N	P	K	Fe
	----------------------------------------g kg^-1------------------------------------
32109	46.42 abc	3.76 bcd	18.96 abc	97 bcd
32110	48.76 a	3.87 abcd	17.38 abcdef	96 cd
32111	46.65 ab	3.85 bcd	18.72 abcd	120 a
32112	45.46 abc	3.70 bcd	18.75 abcd	97 bcd
32113	43.02 bcde	3.44 d	20 a	94 cd
32114	44.43 abcd	3.62 cd	17.63 abcde	94 cd
1301	46.32 abc	4.03 abc	19.04 ab	101 abcd
1381	41.97 cde	3.57 cd	16.74 bcdefg	107 abcd
T. asperellum pool	46 abc	3.71 bcd	16.93 abcdef	113 abcd
Ab-V5	44.71 abcd	3.61 cd	17.47 abcde	95 cd
32114 + 32110	45.12 abcd	3.79 bcd	16.92 abcdefg	111 abcd
32114 +Ab-V5	44.36 abcd	3.69 bcd	14.34 fgh	100 abcd
32114 + T. asperellum pool	46.69 ab	3.96 abcd	14.89 efgh	101 abcd
32110 + Ab-V5	46.70 ab	4.07 abc	14.72 efgh	99 abcd
32110 + T. asperellum pool	45.02 abcd	4.34 a	14.73 efgh	103 abcd
Ab-V5 + T. asperellum pool	42.60 bcde	4.15 ab	14.91 efgh	112 abcd
1381 + 1301	41.96 cde	4.16 ab	14.77 efgh	103 abcd
1381 + Ab-V5	40.77 de	3.66 bcd	16.06 bcdefgh	96 bcd
1301 + Ab-V5	44.09 bcd	3.62 cd	14.11 gh	100 abcd
1381 + 32114	39.31 e	3.75 bcd	14.32 fgh	114 abcd
1301 + 32114	44.43 abcd	3.70 bcd	15.52 efgh	92 d
1381 + 32110	43.73 bcde	3.60 cd	14.56 efgh	119 ab
1301 + 32110	43.78 bcde	3.58 cd	15.88 cdefgh	93 d
1381 + T. asperellum pool	45.42 abc	3.90 abcd	13.33 h	116 abc
1301 + T. asperellum pool	43.45 bcde	3.62 cd	15.78 defgh	109 abcd
No microorganism	44.36 abcd	3.64 bcd	16.17 bcdefgh	94 d

Microorganism	N	P	K	Fe
	------------------------------ g kg^-1------------------------- -------mg Kg ^-1------
32109	14.16 abc	1.25 bc	3.38 defg	47.05 abcde
32110	13.37 abc	1.33 abc	5.20 abcd	46.51 abcde
32111	13.50 abc	1.45 abc	5.77 a	37.94 abcdef
32112	16.05 a	1.90 a	5.67 ab	36.83 bcdef
32113	13.93 abc	1.53 abc	5.49 abc	41.93 abcdef
32114	16.06 a	1.55 abc	5.66 ab	31.88 ef
1301	10.57 bc	1.27 abc	3.34 efg	53.31 ab
1381	13.87 abc	1.47 abc	4.77 abcdefg	41.54 abcdef
T. asperellum pool	10.82 abc	1.23 bc	4.02 abcdefg	50.56 abc
Ab-V5	10.78 abc	1.23 bc	3.78 cdefg	53.54 a
32114 + 32110	13.75 abc	1.35 abc	3.08 g	38.90 abcdef
32114 +Ab-V5	9.39 c	1.19 bc	3.66 cdefg	52.68 ab
32114 + T. asperellum pool	14.12 abc	1.82 ab	3.74 cdefg	35.36 cdef
32110 + Ab-V5	14.42 abc	1.60 abc	3.96 abcdefg	39.93 abcdef
32110 + T. asperellum pool	10.64 abc	1.24 bc	3.67 cdefg	50.50 abc
Ab-V5 + T. asperellum pool	13.90 abc	1.49 abc	3.89 bcdefg	33.88 def
1381 + 1301	11.26 abc	1.55 abc	4.26 abcdefg	48.21 abcde
1381 + Ab-V5	14.87 ab	1.61 abc	3.83 bcdefg	39.24 abcdef
1301 + Ab-V5	12.41 abc	1.47 abc	3.38 defg	46.48 abcde
1381 + 32114	14.87 ab	1.74 abc	5.04 abcde	39.27 abcdef
1301 + 32114	13.65 abc	1.57 abc	3.91 bcdefg	48.79 abcd
1381 + 32110	10.65 abc	1.34 abc	4.25 abcdefg	48.97 abcd
1301 + 32110	8.98 c	1.18 c	3.32 efg	50.99 abc
1381 + T. asperellum pool	12.10 abc	1.43 abc	2.99 g	43.09 abcdef
1301 + T. asperellum pool	15.76 ab	1.75 abc	4.94 abcdef	29.34 f
No microorganism	11.52 abc	1.59 abc	3.13 fg	49.76 abcd

Microorganism	N	P	K	Fe
	------------------------------ g kg^-1------------------------- -------mg Kg ^-1------
32109	56.50 abcd	4.81 f	13.57 abcd	72.48 ab
32110	57.44 ab	5.36 abcde	12.90 abcdef	54.52 bc
32111	55.12 d	4.90 ef	13.36 abcde	59.34 bc
32112	57.35 ab	5.07 cdef	13.57 abcd	55.12 bc
32113	56.05 abcd	5.07 cdef	13.15 abcdef	89.81 a
32114	55.96 abcd	5.05 cdef	13.99 a	60.97 bc
1301	56.21 abcd	5.25 abcdef	13.84 abc	62.12 bc
1381	57.23 abc	5.04 cdef	13.37 abcde	57.00 bc
T. asperellum pool	55.45 bcd	5.02 cdef	13.92 ab	59.38 bc
Ab-V5	56.55 abcd	4.95 def	12.06 f	65.16 bc
32114 + 32110	55.81 abcd	5.34 abcde	13.44 abcde	66.78 bc
32114 +Ab-V5	56.06 abcd	5.45 abc	13.84 abc	73.36 ab
32114 + T. asperellum pool	55.86 abcd	5.63 ab	13.84 abc	65.81 bc
32110 + Ab-V5	56.97 abcd	5.35 abcde	13.83 abc	64.05 bc
32110 + T. asperellum pool	55.75 abcd	5.61 ab	12.56 def	68.18 bc
Ab-V5 + T. asperellum pool	55.25 cd	5.08 cdef	13.52 abcde	53.61 bc
1381 + 1301	57.15 abcd	5.24 abcdef	12.74 bcdef	61.25 bc
1381 + Ab-V5	56.94 abcd	5.36 abcde	12.73 bcdef	60.97 bc
1301 + Ab-V5	57.04 abcd	5.42 abcd	13.50 abcde	61.57 bc
1381 + 32114	56.26 abcd	5.11 cdef	12.87 abcdef	47.94 c
1301 + 32114	55.71 bcd	5.18 bcdef	12.81 abcdef	69.05 b
1381 + 32110	56.26 abcd	5.47 abc	12.37 ef	68.91 b
1301 + 32110	56.70 abcd	5.69 a	12.40 def	71.68 ab
1381 + T. asperellum pool	57.77 a	5.49 abc	13.39 abcde	55.22 bc
1301 + T. asperellum pool	56.17 abcd	5.43 abcd	13.22 abcdef	62.73 bc
No microorganism	56.88 abcd	5.33 abcde	13.05 abcdef	60.25 bc

Microorganism	NPP	NGP	M100	GY
	Unit	Unit	g	g plant^-1
32109	46.50 bcdef	1.96 cdef	18.61 bc	34.00 cde
32110	51.75 abcde	2.07 abcde	18.16 bc	28.60 abcde
32111	40.62 ef	2.15 ab	19.37 ab	33.84 de
32112	49 bcdef	1.96 def	18.42 bc	35.08 bcde
32113	39.37 f	2.17 a	19.37 ab	33.04 e
32114	44.75 cdef	2.06 abcde	18.92 abc	34.87 cde
1301	51.62 abcde	2.14 ab	17.63 c	38.82 abcde
1381	57.50 abc	1.98 bcde	18.56 bc	41.97 abcd
Trichoderma pool	44.12 cdef	2.14 ab	18.59 bc	34.45 cde
Ab-V5	41.62 def	2.07 abcde	19.28 abc	33.10 e
32114 + 32110	52.12 abcde	2.04 abcde	18.96 abc	40.28 abcde
32114 +Ab-V5	44.37 cdef	2.11 abcd	19.41 ab	36.35 abcde
32114 + T. pool	43.50 cdef	2.05 abcde	18.43 bc	32.88 e
32110 + Ab-V5	50.50 abcdef	2.05 abcde	18.39 bc	38.34 abcde
32110 + T. pool	53.00 abcd	2 abcde	18.24 bc	39.08 abcde
Ab-V5 + T. pool	61.87 a	1.80 f	20.51 a	44.42 a
1381 + 1301	54.62 abcd	1.99 abcde	19.21 abc	42.01 abc
1381 + Ab-V5	51.75 abcde	2.07 abcde	18.83 abc	40.04 abcde
1301 + Ab-V5	47.87 abcdef	2.13 abcd	18.95 abc	38.15 abcde
1381 + 32114	47.12 abcdef	2.13 abc	18.63 bc	37.38 abcde
1301 + 32114	49.87 abcdef	2.04 abcde	18.25 bc	37.24 abcde
1381 + 32110	50.50 abcef	2.07 abcde	18.63 bc	38.94 abcde
1301 + 32110	42.75 cdef	2.10 abcde	19.01 abc	34.06 cde
1381 + T. pool	54.37 abc	2.08 abcde	19.31 abc	43.07 ab
1301 + T. pool	53.12 abcd	1.93 ef	18.75 bc	38.60 abcde
No microorganism	49.62 bcdef	1.93 ef	18.48 bc	35.49 bcde

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