Blaschke et al. (2019Blaschke, M., Haki, Kazem, Aier, S., & Winter, R. (2019). Taxonomy of digital platforms: A platform architecture perspective. 14th international conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, Siegen.) |
Classification of digital platforms based on their structural design. |
Orchestration platform (coopetitive and inclusive). Amalgamation platform (monopolistic and assimilative). Innovation platform (hybrid and open). |
Cennamo (2021Cennamo, C. (2021). Competing in digital markets: A platform-based perspective. Academy of Management Perspectives, 35(2), 265-291. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2016.0048 https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2016.0048...
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Platform markets typology. |
Multisided transaction market. Complementary innovation market. Information market. |
Derave et al. (2021Derave, T., Sales, T. P., Gailly, F., & Poels, G. (2021). Comparing digital platform types in the platform economy International Conference on advanced information systems engineering, Melbourne.) |
Platforms taxonomy. |
Sharing economy platform. On-demand platform. Second-hand P2P (peer-to-peer) platform. Crowdfunding platform. P2P (peer-to-peer) sharing. Consumer-to-consumer platform. Digital marketplace. Multisided transaction. Investment platform. |
Evans and Schmalensee (2013Evans, D. S., & Schmalensee, R. (2013). The antitrust analysis of multi-sided platform businesses (18783) [Working Paper nº 18783]. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA http://www.nber.org/papers/w18783 http://www.nber.org/papers/w18783...
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Classification of businesses serving two separate customer groups with at least a one-way indirect network effect, viewed from an industrial organization standpoint. |
Market makers (enabling members of distinct groups to transact with each other), audience makers (matching advertisers to audiences). Demand coordinators (making goods and services that generate indirect network effects across two or more groups, e.g., software platforms). |
Holland and Gutiérrez-Leefmans (2018Holland, C., & Gutiérrez-Leefmans, M. (2018). A taxonomy of SME e-commerce platforms derived from a market-level analysis. International Journal of Electronic Commerc, 22(2), 161-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2017.1364114 https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2017.13...
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Classification system for small and medium-sized e-commerce platforms. |
Information laggards. Basic networking. Advanced networking. Mature advanced networking. Social media markets. |
Kaplan and Sawhney (2000Kaplan, S., & Sawhney, M. (2000). E- hubs: The new B2B marketplaces. Harvard Business Review, 97-103. https://hbr.org/2000/05/e-hubs-the-new-b2b-marketplaces https://hbr.org/2000/05/e-hubs-the-new-b...
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Classification of business-to-business (B2B) marketplaces. |
Maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) hubs: platforms that streamline the procurement of everyday, non-strategic items like office supplies and maintenance materials for businesses, often using aggregated catalogs from multiple suppliers. Catalog hubs: centralized platforms for listing and purchasing standardized goods, offering a wide range of industry-specific products, and simplifying product search and comparison for businesses. Yield managers: marketplaces that dynamically adjust prices for perishable inventory, like hotel rooms or flight seats, aiming to maximize revenue by selling at optimal prices based on demand and time factors. Exchanges: platforms for trading goods, services, or commodities in specific industries like energy or agriculture, supporting both spot buying and future contracts, with prices set by market supply and demand dynamics. |
Kaplan and Sawhney (2000Kaplan, S., & Sawhney, M. (2000). E- hubs: The new B2B marketplaces. Harvard Business Review, 97-103. https://hbr.org/2000/05/e-hubs-the-new-b2b-marketplaces https://hbr.org/2000/05/e-hubs-the-new-b...
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Classification of different types of social media platforms. |
Blogs. Social networking sites. Virtual social worlds. Collaborative projects. Content communities. Virtual game worlds. |
Kim and Min (2019Kim, J., & Min, J. (2019). Supplier, tailor, and facilitator: Typology of platform business models. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(3), 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030057 https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030057...
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Classification of platform-based business models. |
Supplier. Tailor. Facilitator. |
McIntyre et al. (2021McIntyre, D., Srinivasan, A., Afuah, A., Gawer, A., & Kretschmer, T. (2021). Multisided platforms as new organizational forms. Academy of Management Perspectives, 35(4), 566-583. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2018.0018 https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2018.0018...
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Business models for platforms, analyzed from three angles: the platform itself, the firm, and the ecosystem. |
Innovation platforms. Transaction platforms. Integration platforms. Social media platforms. Marketplaces. Payment platforms. Service platforms. Content platforms. Development platforms. Communication platforms. |
Perren and Kozinets (2018Perren, R., & Kozinets, R. (2018). Lateral exchange markets: How social platforms operate in a networked economy. Journal of Marketing, 82(1), 20-36.) |
Classification of lateral exchange markets, which are created via a mediating technology platform that enables exchange activities among a network of similarly situated economic participants. |
Forums. Matchmakers. Enablers. Hubs. |
Perscheid et al. (2020Perscheid, G., Ostern, N. K., & Moormann, J. (2020). Determining platform governance: Framework for classifying governance types. Forty-First International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), Hyderabad.) |
Classification of platforms based on their level of centralization. |
Centralized. Semi-centralized. Decentralized. |
Porter (2006Porter, C. E. (2006). A typology of virtual communities: A multi-disciplinary foundation for future research. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2004.tb00228.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2004...
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Classification of different types of virtual communities. |
Social. Professional. Commercial. Nonprofit. Government communities. |
Wirtz et al. (2019Wirtz, J., So, K. K. F., Mody, M. A., Liu, S. Q., & Chun, H. H. (2019). Platforms in the peer-to-peer sharing economy. Journal of Service Management, 30(4), 452-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2015.04.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2015.04.00...
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Typology of platforms. |
Four types resulting from the binary nature of ownership versus access-based dimensions. |
Authors |
Classification subject |
Classes |
Reimers et al. (2018Reimers, K., Guo, X., & Li, M. (2018). Beyond markets, hierarchies, and hybrids: An institutional perspective on IT-enabled two-sided markets. Electronic Markets, 29(2), 287-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-018-0319-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-018-0319-...
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Classification of two-sided markets viewed through the lens of New Institutional Economics. |
Private exchanges. Hybrid. Hierarchy. |
Rodríguez-López and Diz-Comesaña (2016Rodríguez-López, N., & Diz-Comesaña, M. (2016). Toward a taxonomy of virtual communities from a value cocreation perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 33(12), 1166-1173. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20954 https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20954...
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Classification of Lego communities on Facebook. |
Groups managed by the company. Groups operated by members with an informational/social objective. Groups managed by members with a generic objective. Groups managed by members with the intention of buying or selling. |
Sibai et al. (2015Sibai, O., Valck, K., Farrell, A., & Rudd, J. (2015). Social control in online communities of consumption: A framework for community management. Psychology & Marketing, 32(3), 250-264. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20778 https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20778...
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Classification of different types of online consumer communities. |
Market (typical multisided platforms with social control exerted through economic mechanisms). Hierarchy (users possess a range of abilities depending on their status, e.g., as founders). Clan (self-governance based on traditions, understood as standards that emerge from repetitive behaviors and define group behavior). |
Staub et al. (2021Staub, N., Haki, K., Aier, S., & Winter, R. (2021). Taxonomy of digital platforms: A business model perspective 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Kauai.) |
Classification of digital platforms based on their business model. |
Business/consumer innovation platform. Business/consumer exchange platform. |
Täuscher and Laudien (2018Täuscher, K., & Laudien, S. M. (2018). Understanding platform business models: A mixed methods study of marketplaces. European Management Journal, 36(3), 319-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2017.06.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2017.06.00...
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Taxonomy of marketplaces. |
Efficient product transactions. Digital product community. Product aficionados. On-demand offline services. Online services. Peer-to-peer offline services. |