Use of external data and information (D01) |
The importance of using data and information that is latent in the crowd and can contribute to public management. |
Gil-Garcia et al. (2013Gil-Garcia, J. R., Pardo, T. A., & Aldama-Nalda, A. (2013). Smart cities and smart governments: Using information technologies to address urban challenges. In Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 296-297), Quebec, Canada., 2016); Scholl and Scholl (2014Scholl, H. J., & Scholl, M. C. (2014). Smart governance: A roadmap for research and practice. Proceedings of the iConference 2014 (pp. 163-176), Berlin, German.) |
Organizational culture based on intelligence (D02) |
Encouraging a culture of alertness and information sharing through networks, collecting external data and information, and using information to develop the work and decision-making of public managers. |
Lesca and Janissek-Muniz (2015Lesca, H., & Janissek-Muniz, R. (2015). Inteligência Estratégica Antecipativa e Coletiva: O Método L.E.SCAnning. Pallotti.); Schoemaker and Day (2009Schoemaker, P. J., & Day, G. S. (2009). How to make sense of weak signals. In G. R. Hickman (Ed.), Leading organizations: Perspectives for a new era (cap. 4, pp. 37-47). Sage Publications.); Xu (2007Xu, M. (2007). Managing strategic intelligence: Techniques and technologies. IGI Global.) |
Effective use of technologies (big data; business intelligence) (D03) |
Information and communication technology (ICT) used in government to collect, process, and share data and information, which can then be used to make decisions and provide public services. |
Gil-Garcia et al. (2013Gil-Garcia, J. R., Pardo, T. A., & Aldama-Nalda, A. (2013). Smart cities and smart governments: Using information technologies to address urban challenges. In Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 296-297), Quebec, Canada., 2016); Scholl and Scholl (2014Scholl, H. J., & Scholl, M. C. (2014). Smart governance: A roadmap for research and practice. Proceedings of the iConference 2014 (pp. 163-176), Berlin, German.); Johnston and Hansen (2011Johnston, E. W., & Hansen, D. L. (2011). Design lessons for smart governance infrastructures. Transforming American governance. In E. W. Johnston, & D. L. Hansen, Transforming American Governance: Rebooting the Public Square (pp. 197-212). Routledge.); Linders et al. (2015Linders, D., Liao, C. Z. P., & Wang, C. M. (2015). Proactive e-governance: Flipping the service delivery model from pull to push in Taiwan. Government Information Quarterly, 35(4), S68-S76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.08.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.08.00...
); Paula and Rover (2012Paula, G. D., & Rover, A. J. (2012). O governo eletrônico e a atividade de inteligência. Revista Democracia Digital e Governo Eletrônico, 6, 216-236.); Wang et al. (2016Wang, L. J., Zhang, Y., Li, Q., & Ruan, P. N. (2016). Under the background of smart city development of e-government performance evaluation: study in every districts of Beijing. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Technology for Manufacturing Systems. Prague, Czech Republic.) |
Evidence-based decision-making (D04) |
Decisions based on data and the intensification of its use through ubiquitous sensing, advanced measurement, and integrated applications allow the government to make more informed decisions. |
Gil-Garcia et al. (2016Gil-Garcia, J. R., Zhang, J., & Puron-Cid, G. (2016). Conceptualizing smartness in government: An integrative and multi-dimensional view. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 524-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.03.00...
); Scholl and Scholl (2014Scholl, H. J., & Scholl, M. C. (2014). Smart governance: A roadmap for research and practice. Proceedings of the iConference 2014 (pp. 163-176), Berlin, German.) |
Cross-departmental and interorganizational collaboration (D05) |
Sharing data and information between different public sector bodies through collaboration and developing unified public activities to better serve society. |
Gil-Garcia et al. (2016Gil-Garcia, J. R., Zhang, J., & Puron-Cid, G. (2016). Conceptualizing smartness in government: An integrative and multi-dimensional view. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 524-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.03.00...
); Liu and Zheng (2015Liu, X., & Zheng, L. (2015). Cross-departmental collaboration in one-stop service center for smart governance in China: Factors, strategies and effectiveness. Government Information Quarterly, 35(4), S54-S60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.12.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.12.00...
) |
Innovation, co-creation, and collective intelligence (D06) |
Improving processes, insights for new public policies, new forms of communication between government and society, and sharing decisions by harnessing collective intelligence. |
Eom et al. (2016Eom, S. J., Choi, N., & Sung, W. (2016). The use of smart work in government: Empirical analysis of Korean experiences. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 562-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.01.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.01.00...
); Gil-Garcia et al. (2016Gil-Garcia, J. R., Zhang, J., & Puron-Cid, G. (2016). Conceptualizing smartness in government: An integrative and multi-dimensional view. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 524-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.03.00...
); Guenduez et al. (2018Guenduez, A. A., Singler, S., Tomczak, T., Schedler, K., & Oberli, M. (2018). Smart government success factors. Yearbook of Swiss Administrative Sciences, 9(1), 96-110. https://doi.org/10.5334/ssas.124 https://doi.org/10.5334/ssas.124...
); Juniawan et al. (2017Juniawan, M. A., Sandhyaduhita, P., Purwandari, B., Yudhoatmojo, S. B., & Dewi, M. A. A. (2017). Smart government assessment using Scottish Smart City Maturity Model: A case study of Depok city. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS), Bali, Indonésia.); Nam (2016Nam, T. (2016). Government-driven participation and collective intelligence: A case of the Government 3.0 Initiative in Korea. Information, 7(4), 55.) |
Agile government (D07) |
Speed up the provision of services to society by intensifying the use of ICT, the use of data and information, and society’s participation. |
Scholl and Scholl (2014Scholl, H. J., & Scholl, M. C. (2014). Smart governance: A roadmap for research and practice. Proceedings of the iConference 2014 (pp. 163-176), Berlin, German.); Johnston and Hansen (2011Johnston, E. W., & Hansen, D. L. (2011). Design lessons for smart governance infrastructures. Transforming American governance. In E. W. Johnston, & D. L. Hansen, Transforming American Governance: Rebooting the Public Square (pp. 197-212). Routledge.) |
Management efficiency and effectiveness (D08) |
Public management efficiency and effectiveness with effective use of ICT, data, and information and society’s participation. |
Scholl and Scholl (2014Scholl, H. J., & Scholl, M. C. (2014). Smart governance: A roadmap for research and practice. Proceedings of the iConference 2014 (pp. 163-176), Berlin, German.); Liu and Zheng (2015Liu, X., & Zheng, L. (2015). Cross-departmental collaboration in one-stop service center for smart governance in China: Factors, strategies and effectiveness. Government Information Quarterly, 35(4), S54-S60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.12.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.12.00...
) |
Social engagement (D09) |
Effective participation of society in public management development. |
Eom et al. (2016Eom, S. J., Choi, N., & Sung, W. (2016). The use of smart work in government: Empirical analysis of Korean experiences. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 562-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.01.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.01.00...
); Gil-Garcia et al. (2014Gil-Garcia, J. R., Helbig, N., & Ojo, A. (2014). Being smart: Emerging technologies and innovation in the public sector. Government Information Quarterly, 31, I1-I8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2014.09.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2014.09.00...
); Gil-Garcia et al. (2013); Scholl and Scholl (2014Scholl, H. J., & Scholl, M. C. (2014). Smart governance: A roadmap for research and practice. Proceedings of the iConference 2014 (pp. 163-176), Berlin, German.); Johnston and Hansen (2011Johnston, E. W., & Hansen, D. L. (2011). Design lessons for smart governance infrastructures. Transforming American governance. In E. W. Johnston, & D. L. Hansen, Transforming American Governance: Rebooting the Public Square (pp. 197-212). Routledge.) |
Database organization and unification (D10) |
Unification of the most diverse databases and integration of government systems. |
Melati and Janissek-Muniz (2020Melati, C., & Janissek-Muniz, R. (2020). Governo inteligente: Análise de dimensões sob a perspectiva de gestores públicos. Revista de Administração Pública, 54(3), 400-415. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220190226 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-76122019022...
) |